The Role of Perceived Organizational Support on Relationship between Job Stress and Emotional Exhaustion with Turnover among Nurses

مقدمه: این پژوهش با هدف بررسی رابطه استرس شغلی و فرسودگی هیجانی با تمایل به ترک خدمت‌ با توجه به نقش تعدیل‌کننده حمایت سازمانی ادراک‌شده به مرحله اجرا در آمد. مواد و روشها: جامعه آماری پژوهش پرستاران یک بیمارستان دولتی در اصفهان بودند که از میان آن‌ها صد و نود و نه نفر به شیوه سهل‌الوصول انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه استرس شغلی، فرسودگی هیجانی، حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده و ترک خدمت بودند. داده‌ها از طریق ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون سلسله مراتبی تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: بین استرس شغلی با فرسودگی هیجانی، بین استرس شغلی با حمایت سازمانی ادارک شده، بین استرس شغلی با ترک خدمت، بین فرسودگی هیجانی با حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده، بین فرسودگی هیجانی با ترک خدمت و بین حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده با ترک خدمت رابطه (معنادار) وجود دارد. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نیز نشان داد که از میان دو مولفه استرس شغلی و فرسودگی هیجانی‌، فقط ابهام نقش قادر به پیش‌بینی (معنادار) حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده و طی دو‌گام به ترتیب فرسودگی هیجانی و گرانباری و تعارض نقش قادر به پیش‌بینی (معنادار) ترک خدمت هستند. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون سلسله مراتبی نشان داد که حمایت سازمانی ادراک شده قادر به تعدیل‌ رابطه ابهام نقش با ترک خدمت است ولی رابطه بین فرسودگی هیجانی با ترک خدمت را تعدیل نمی‌نماید. نتیجه گیری: مدیران بیمارستان‌ها باید از طریق تجزیه و تحلیل شغل و آماده‌سازی شرح وظایف صریح، روشن و بدون ابهام تلاش نمایند تا از سطح ابهام نقش در کارکنان و پرستاران کاسته و احساس حمایت سازمانی را در کارکنان بالا ببرند تااز ترک خدمت آنها جلوگیری نمایند

P3D-BRNS v1.0.0: a three-dimensional, multiphase, multicomponent, pore-scale reactive transport modelling package for simulating biogeochemical processes in subsurface environments

The porous microenvironment of soil offers various environmental functions which are governed by physical and reactive processes. Understanding reactive transport processes in porous media is essential for many natural systems (soils, aquifers, aquatic sediments or subsurface reservoirs) or technological processes (water treatment or ceramic and fuel cell technologies). In particular, in the vadose zone of the terrestrial subsurface the spatially and temporally varying saturation of the aqueous and the gas phase leads to systems that involve complex flow and transport processes as well as reactive transformations of chemical compounds in the porous material. To describe these interacting processes and their dynamics at the pore scale requires a well-suited modelling framework accounting for the proper description of all relevant processes at a high spatial resolution. Here we present P3D-BRNS as a new open-source modelling toolbox harnessing the core libraries of OpenFOAM and coupled externally to the Biogeochemical Reaction Network Simulator (BRNS). The native OpenFOAM volume-of-fluid solver is extended to have an improved representation of the fluid–fluid interface. The solvers are further developed to couple the reaction module which can be tailored for a specific reactive transport simulation. P3D-RBNS is benchmarked against three different flow and reactive transport processes: (1) fluid–fluid configuration in a capillary corner, (2) mass transfer across the fluid–fluid interface and (3) microbial growth with a high degree of accuracy. Our model allows for simulation of the spatio-temporal distribution of all biochemical species in the porous structure (obtained from μ-CT images), for conditions that are commonly found in the laboratory and environmental systems. With our coupled computational model, we provide a reliable and efficient tool for simulating multiphase, reactive transport in porous media.</p

Withdrawal symptoms in children after long-term administration of sedatives and/or analgesics: A literature review. "Assessment remains troublesome"

Background: Prolonged administration of benzodiazepines and/or opioids to children in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) may induce physiological dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Objective: We reviewed the literature for relevant contributions on the nature of these withdrawal symptoms and on availability of valid scoring systems to assess the extent of symptoms. Methods: The databases PubMed, CINAHL, and Psychinfo (1980-June 2006) were searched using relevant key terms. Results: Symptoms of benzodiazepine and opioid withdrawal can be classified in two groups: central nervous system effects and autonomic dysfunction. However, symptoms of the two types show a large overlap for benzodiazepine and opioid withdrawal. Symptoms of gastrointestinal dysfunction in the PICU population have been described for opioid withdrawal only. Six assessment tools for withdrawal symptoms are used in children. Four of these have been validated for neonates only. Two instruments are available to specifically determine withdrawal symptoms in the PICU: the Sedation Withdrawal Score (SWS) and the Opioid Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Scale (OBWS). The OBWS is the only available assessment tool with prospective validation; however, the sensitivity is low. Conclusions: Withdrawal symptoms for benzodiazepines and opioids largely overlap. A sufficiently sensitive instrument for assessing withdrawal symptoms in PICU patients needs to be developed

Validating the Job Crafting Questionnaire (JCRQ): A multi-method and multi-sample study

Job crafting presents one set of proactive behaviours that employees may engage in to alter the job content or their relations at work. In recent years, several measures have been developed to capture job crafting. In the present study, we test the validity and reliability of an existing job crafting questionnaire (JCRQ) in four studies: First, we test the scale validity of the JCRQ in a Spanish diary study (Spain, N = 164, diary occasions 820). Second, we test the scale validity across two Western (Spain, N = 164, UK, N = 109) and two Eastern cultures (China, N = 170, Taiwan, N = 165). Third, we test the test-rest reliability in a Spanish three-wave longitudinal sample (N = 191). Finally, we test the criterion validity using data from the four countries. Results confirm the presence of five independent job crafting dimensions: increasing challenging demands, decreasing social job demands, increasing social job resources, increasing quantitative demands, and decreasing hindrance job demands. The JCRQ shows acceptable test-retest reliability, scale and criterion validity across the four studies

BIM aplicado ao projeto de fôrmas de madeira em estrutura de concreto armado

ResumoO Projeto Construtivo de Fôrmas de Madeira (PCFM) faz uso tradicionalmente de ferramentas CAD na representação bidimensional, limitando sua inserção no contexto de Building Information Modeling (BIM). Considerando que BIM se encontra em grande expansão no mercado nacional esta pesquisa visa apontar um caminho para se vencer esta limitação. Propõe-se uma biblioteca de componentes para o projeto de fôrmas de madeira, incluindo usos de BIM tais como a Modelagem, a Quantificação, a Simulação 4D e procedimentos associados. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi a Constructive Research. Os componentes para a biblioteca foram desenvolvidos na ferramenta BIM Revit Structure. A proposta foi validada: em ambiente de ensino, escritório de projeto e na prática. Verifica-se que a pesquisa é consonante com os poucos estudos internacionais pioneiros e semelhantes, sendo contextualizada para o cenário nacional. Observa-se também que todas as pesquisas que tratam de BIM associado a fôrmas requerem um modelo de informação que inclua a modelagem de fôrmas no mesmo. Desta forma, este estudo é também fundamental, pois amplia desdobramentos da incorporação de BIM na cadeia produtiva da construção civil

Path and Ridge Regression Analysis of Seed Yield and Seed Yield Components of Russian Wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea Nevski) under Field Conditions

The correlations among seed yield components, and their direct and indirect effects on the seed yield (Z) of Russina wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea Nevski) were investigated. The seed yield components: fertile tillers m-2 (Y1), spikelets per fertile tillers (Y2), florets per spikelet- (Y3), seed numbers per spikelet (Y4) and seed weight (Y5) were counted and the Z were determined in field experiments from 2003 to 2006 via big sample size. Y1 was the most important seed yield component describing the Z and Y2 was the least. The total direct effects of the Y1, Y3 and Y5 to the Z were positive while Y4 and Y2 were weakly negative. The total effects (directs plus indirects) of the components were positively contributed to the Z by path analyses. The seed yield components Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 were significantly (P<0.001) correlated with the Z for 4 years totally, while in the individual years, Y2 were not significant correlated with Y3, Y4 and Y5 by Peason correlation analyses in the five components in the plant seed production. Therefore, selection for high seed yield through direct selection for large Y1, Y2 and Y3 would be effective for breeding programs in grasses. Furthermore, it is the most important that, via ridge regression, a steady algorithm model between Z and the five yield components was founded, which can be closely estimated the seed yield via the components

Avaliação de estratégias para representação e análise do planejamento e controle de obras utilizando modelos BIM 4D

ResumoO objetivo deste artigo é avaliar estratégias para representação e análise do planejamento e controle de obras utilizando Modelos BIM 4D, segundo a visão de profissionais da indústria da construção civil brasileira. A pesquisa envolveu revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, estudo de caso em um empreendimento com utilização do modelo para planejamento e controle da obra e o desenvolvimento e aplicação de questionário digital para avaliação das potencialidades e estratégias pelos profissionais do setor. O questionário da pesquisa abordou estratégias para representação e análise utilizando cores para diferenciação das atividades internas, alternativas de monitoramento do avanço físico através de simulação dos cronogramas Planejado e Realizado, e visualização deles em tela dividida, além de avaliação sobre adoção de modelos 4D. Os resultados obtidos indicam os graus de importância e aplicabilidade dos aspectos analisados na visão geral dos participantes e estratificados por nível de conhecimento sobre BIM, formação profissional, área de atuação e grau acadêmico