Social information rapidly prioritizes overt but not covert attention in a joint spatial cueing task

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record Coordinating actions with others is crucial for our survival. Our ability to see what others are seeing and to align our visual attention with them facilitates these joint actions. In the present research, we set out to increase our understanding of such joint attention by investigating the extent to which social information would be able to prioritize overt (when moving the eyes to attend) and covert (when shifting attention without eye movements) attention in a joint spatial cueing task. Participants saw a cue and detected a target at the same or a different location alongside an unseen partner of either higher or lower social rank. In a novel twist, participants were led to believe that the cue was connected to the gaze location of their partner. In Experiment 1, where participants were told to not move their eyes (covert attention), the partner's social rank did not change how quickly participants detected targets. But in Experiment 2, where participants were free to move their eyes naturally (overt attention), inhibition of return effects (slower responses to cued than uncued targets) were modulated by their partner's social rank. These social top-down effects occurred already at a short SOA of 150 ms. Our findings suggest that overt attention might provide a key tool for joint action, as it is penetrable for social information at the early stages of information processing.SAGE Junior Research Fellowship

Isolation and characterization of bacteria from Waste Sugar Mill Arasoe-Kab.Bone As Raw Material Producing Bioplastics Degraded (Poly-??-hydroxybutyrate)

Beberapa genera bakteri seperti Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Azospirilum, dan Micrococcus dari beberapa spesies algae mampu mengakumulasi granula PHB yang diakumulasi oleh sel bakteri yang ditumbuhkan dalam medium yang mengandung konsentrasi karbon tinggi tetapi nitrogen dan fosfatnya terbatas, Salah satu upaya untuk menekan biaya produksi perlu dilakukan penelitian dari sudut pandang mikrobiologi, diantaranya ialah menemukan mikroba unggul baru penghasil PHB atau menemukan substrat yang memiliki nilai ekonomi rendah,\ud misalnya limbah pabrik gula.ABSTRACT\ud Plastic is a material widely used in everyday life but difficult to degrade in the environment that would cause environmental problems. One solution to this problem is to find a plastic material that easily degraded in the environment. Poly-??-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a poly-mer which is easily degraded and can be produced by microorganisms especially bacteria under conditions of excess carbon source. This study aims to obtain bacterial isolates from Arasoe sugar factory waste that potentially produce PHB. Isolation of bacteria from sewage plants conducted using SPC method. NA medium with 1% glucose addition were use to grow the isolated bacteria. Qualitative selection methods using reagents Sudan Black were use to selected the isolates. Result showed that PHB-producing bacteria isolated from sugar factory waste Arasoe with SPC method obtained that the highest number of bacterial colonies were found on the ground and the lowest of the dregs. From 43 isolates that had been purified and obtained qualitatively, 11 isolates were able to accumulate PHB

Evolution and competition between chiral spin textures in nanostripes with D_2d symmetry

Chiral spin textures are of considerable interest for applications in spintronics. It has recently been shown that magnetic materials with (D2d) symmetry can sustain several distinct spin textures. Here, we show, using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, that single and double chains of antiskyrmions can be generated at room temperature in nanostripes less than 0.5 mu m in width formed from the D-2d Heusler compound Mn1.4Pt0.9Pd0.1Sn. Typically, truncated helical spin textures are formed in low magnetic fields, whose edges are terminated by half antiskyrmions. These evolve into chains of antiskyrmions with increasing magnetic field. Single chains of these objects are located in the middle of the nanostripes even when the stripes are much wider than the antiskyrmions. Moreover, the chains can even include elliptical Bloch skyrmions depending on details of the applied magnetic field history. These findings make D-2d materials special and highly interesting for applications such as magnetic racetrack memory storage devices

Europe’s Culture(s): Negotiating Cultural Meanings, Values, and Identities in the European Context

The intent of this Special Issue is to be a starting point for a broadly-defined European cultural psychology. Across seven research articles, the authors of this Special Issue explore what European culture(s) and European identity entail, how acculturation within the European cultural contexts takes place and under what conditions a multicultural Europe might be possible. The special Issue also discusses what is currently missing from the research agenda. Therein, the findings of this Special Issue constitute an important starting point for future psychological research that accompanies Europe along its journey into the 21st century

Identifikasi Awal Bakteri pada Juwana Trochus niloticus Linn. dan Tridacna squamosa Linn. Asal Hatchery Pulau Barrang Lompo Makassar

The research on early identification of bacterial from juveniles top shell (Trochus niloticus L.) and giant clam (Tridacna squamosa Linn.) was conducted at Unhas’s hatchery at Barrang Lompo island during August-October 2006. Bacteriology test was done at Microbiology Laboratory of Biology Department, Math and Science Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The quantitative test was done using Most Probable Number (MPN) and Standard Plate Count (SPC) methods. While the qualitative test included bacteria colony observation, macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical test. Macroscopic observation was done by assessing the form, elevation, color, ridge, and inner structure of bacterial colony. Microscopic observation was conducted by using Gram and spora stain. The result of MPN method shows the average total bacteria for juveniles top shell is 17.5 x 102 cell/ml and for giant clam is 6.65 x 102 cell/ml, while SPC results indicate the average total bacteria for juveniles top shell is 4.8 x 105 cell/ml and for giant clam is 3.0 x 105 cell/ml, respectively. The result of biochemical test identifies 5 genera of bacteria such as Micrococcus, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Escherichia and Enterobacter

POTENSI ABALON TROPIS Haliotis asinina L. SEBAGAI SUMBER INOKULUM JAMUR SIMBION PENGHASIL ANTIMIKROBA

The research about “The Potencial of Tropical Abalone Haliotis asinina L. As Source of Mushroom Antimicroba ProducingSymbionts” had been done. This research aimed to know the abalone potency as a source of inoculum and to characterizeisolate fungal symbionts H. asinina L. Isolation of fungi symbionts H. asinina L. was performed used a PDA medium (PotatoDextrose Agar). Characterization of isolates fungal symbiont from H. asinina L. consists of macroscopic and microscopicobservations, and activity testing against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The results showed that there were isolates of fungalsymbionts H. asinina L. (Abl.J.1, Abl.J.2, and Abl.J.3). The results of macroscopic observation colony indicated Abl.J.1 andAbl.J.3 isolate had a surface likes flour and Abl.J.2 isolate had a flat surface such as cotton; Abl.J.1 isolate green, Abl.J.2 isolatelight green and Abl.J.3 isolate black in colours. Three isolates had concentric circles; isolates Abl.J.1 and Abl.J.3 had radiallines and isolate Abl.J.2 had not radial line. The result of microscopic observation showed that three isolates had not septa,and hyaline (colorless); three isolates had asexual spores conidioshpore and all isolates was suspected to belong to the genusAspergillus. All isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Salmonella thypi bacteria and Candida albicans fungus and theresulting compounds were bacteriocidal and fungicidal.Keyword: Gastropods, H. asinina L., Symbiont fungus, Antimicrobal, Aspergillus

A genetically encoded reporter of synaptic activity in vivo

To image synaptic activity within neural circuits, we tethered the genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) GCaMP2 to synaptic vesicles by fusion to synaptophysin. The resulting reporter, SyGCaMP2, detected the electrical activity of neurons with two advantages over existing cytoplasmic GECIs: it identified the locations of synapses and had a linear response over a wider range of spike frequencies. Simulations and experimental measurements indicated that linearity arises because SyGCaMP2 samples the brief calcium transient passing through the presynaptic compartment close to voltage-sensitive calcium channels rather than changes in bulk calcium concentration. In vivo imaging in zebrafish demonstrated that SyGCaMP2 can assess electrical activity in conventional synapses of spiking neurons in the optic tectum and graded voltage signals transmitted by ribbon synapses of retinal bipolar cells. Localizing a GECI to synaptic terminals provides a strategy for monitoring activity across large groups of neurons at the level of individual synapses

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI STARTER PROBIOTIK PADA PAKAN TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN AYAM KAMPUNG Gallus domesticus

The researh about ???The Effect of Addition of Various Concentration of Probiotic Starter on Feed to the Development of Local Chicken Gallus domesticus??? has been done. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of addition of various concentration of probiotic starter on body weight gain, feed conversion and appearance of local chicken Gallus domesticus. MRSA medium (Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar) is used to cultivate of pure culture probiotic isolate. The grown isolates diluted and made a starter for local chicken???s feed. The feed consist of mixture of soft corn and bran and added with various concentration of probiotic i.e 107 cfu/ml, 109 cfu/ml, 1011 cfu/ml and without probiotic. This research is use completely randomized design with 4 treatments, each treatment consist of 11 local chicken. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that administration of probiotic on feed gives no significantly different effect (P > 0.05) on body weight gain and feed conversion of chicken. Probiotic affect the appearance of local chicken. The concentration probiotic of 109 cfu/ml gives the highest body weight gain and the lowest feed conversion of local chicken

Mapping the spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium signaling in cellular neural networks using optical flow

An optical flow gradient algorithm was applied to spontaneously forming net- works of neurons and glia in culture imaged by fluorescence optical microscopy in order to map functional calcium signaling with single pixel resolution. Optical flow estimates the direction and speed of motion of objects in an image between subsequent frames in a recorded digital sequence of images (i.e. a movie). Computed vector field outputs by the algorithm were able to track the spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium signaling pat- terns. We begin by briefly reviewing the mathematics of the optical flow algorithm, and then describe how to solve for the displacement vectors and how to measure their reliability. We then compare computed flow vectors with manually estimated vectors for the progression of a calcium signal recorded from representative astrocyte cultures. Finally, we applied the algorithm to preparations of primary astrocytes and hippocampal neurons and to the rMC-1 Muller glial cell line in order to illustrate the capability of the algorithm for capturing different types of spatiotemporal calcium activity. We discuss the imaging requirements, parameter selection and threshold selection for reliable measurements, and offer perspectives on uses of the vector data.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures. Peer reviewed accepted version in press in Annals of Biomedical Engineerin

Salvage high-dose chemotherapy for children with extragonadal germ-cell tumours

We reviewed the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) experience with salvage high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) in paediatric patients with extragonadal germ-cell tumour (GCT). A total of 23 children with extragonadal GCT, median age 12 years (range 1–20), were treated with salvage HDC with haematopoietic progenitor cell support. The GCT primary location was intracranial site in nine cases, sacrococcyx in eight, retroperitoneum in four, and mediastinum in two. In all, 22 patients had a nongerminomatous GCT and one germinoma. Nine patients received HDC in first- and 14 in second- or third-relapse situation. No toxic deaths occurred. Overall, 16 of 23 patients (70%) achieved a complete remission. With a median follow-up of 66 months (range 31–173 months), 10 (43%) are continuously disease-free. Of six patients who had a disease recurrence after HDC, one achieved a disease-free status with surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In total, 11 patients (48%) are currently disease-free. Eight of 14 patients (57%) with extracranial primary and three of nine patients (33%) with intracranial primary GCT are currently disease-free. HDC induced impressive long-term remissions as salvage treatment in children with extragonadal extracranial GCTs. Salvage HDC should be investigated in prospective trials in these patients