Foscolo critico

Il volume, primo della collana open access dei "Quaderni di Gargnano", ospita i contributi presentati al XV Convegno internazionale di Letteratura italiana "Gennaro Barbarisi", tenutosi a Gargnano del Garda dal 24 al 26 settembre 2012. Il "Quaderno", dedicato al Foscolo critico, accoglie contributi di Giovanni Biancardi, Arnaldo Bruni, Andrea Campana, Massimo Castellozzi, Gustavo Costa, Alfredo Cottignoli, Christian Del Vento, Sandro Gentili, Franco Longoni, Ilaria Mangiavacchi, Donatella Martinelli, Giuseppe Natale, Enzo Neppi, Matteo Palumbo, Elena Parrini Cantini, Chiara Piola Caselli. \uc8 aperto da una Prefazione di Claudia Berra, Paolo Borsa e Giulia Ravera.This volume on "Foscolo critico" is the first volume of the "Quaderni di Gargnano", an open access book series which publishes the Proceedings of the "Gennaro Barbarisi" International Conferences on Italian Literature, held in Gargnano del Garda. It contains contributions by Giovanni Biancardi, Arnaldo Bruni, Andrea Campana, Massimo Castellozzi, Gustavo Costa, Alfredo Cottignoli, Christian Del Vento, Sandro Gentili, Franco Longoni, Ilaria Mangiavacchi, Donatella Martinelli, Giuseppe Natale, Enzo Neppi, Matteo Palumbo, Elena Parrini Cantini, Chiara Piola Caselli, preceded by a Preface by the Editor: Claudia Berra, Paolo Borsa, Giulia Ravera

Addressing climate change with behavioral science: a global intervention tournament in 63 countries

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions’ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior—several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people’s initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors

DMTs and Covid-19 severity in MS: a pooled analysis from Italy and France

We evaluated the effect of DMTs on Covid-19 severity in patients with MS, with a pooled-analysis of two large cohorts from Italy and France. The association of baseline characteristics and DMTs with Covid-19 severity was assessed by multivariate ordinal-logistic models and pooled by a fixed-effect meta-analysis. 1066 patients with MS from Italy and 721 from France were included. In the multivariate model, anti-CD20 therapies were significantly associated (OR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.39–3.02, p < 0.001) with Covid-19 severity, whereas interferon indicated a decreased risk (OR = 0.42, 95%CI = 0.18–0.99, p = 0.047). This pooled-analysis confirms an increased risk of severe Covid-19 in patients on anti-CD20 therapies and supports the protective role of interferon

Sustainable supply chain management: framework and further research directions

This paper argues for the use of Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM) in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). The literature has identified antecedents and drivers for the adoption of SSCM. However, there is relatively little research on methodological approaches and techniques that take into account the dynamic nature of SSCM and bridge the existing quantitative/qualitative divide. To address this gap, this paper firstly systematically reviews the literature on SSCM drivers; secondly, it argues for the use of alternative methods research to address questions related to SSCM drivers; and thirdly, it proposes and illustrates the use of TISM and Cross Impact Matrix-multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis to test a framework that extrapolates SSCM drivers and their relationships. The framework depicts how drivers are distributed in various levels and how a particular driver influences the other through transitive links. The paper concludes with limitations and further research directions

Recombinant IBV detection and vaccination efficacy. A case report

Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), belonging to Coronaviridae family, affects the respiratory tract of poultry causing a mild respiratory syndrome, often complicated by many secondary bacterial diseases leading to mortality, great performance decrease and relevant economic losses. IBV is characterized by a high antigenic and genetic variation and recombination rate, that cause the emrgence of a lot of different strains worldwide, some of those are very persistent in some geographic area while others can appear and disappear quickly. Commonly employed control strategies involve biosecurity and vaccination. Unfortunately, the cross- protection among different IBV strains is often poor, and vaccines are not available for all IBV variants. However, the use of a combination of vaccines belonging to different IBV genotypes can broaden the protection spectrum to many different variants. Currently, in Italy the circulating genotypes are QX, 793B, Mass and Q1, but strains originating from the recombination between QX and 793B are sporadically detected. In the present study,a monitoring program was carried out in broiler farms using the following vaccination strategy: two spray vaccinations against IBV at hatchery with vaccines belonging to Massachussets and QX genotypes. Tracheal and cloacal swabs and blood samples were collected every 10 days. The swabs were processed in pool and tested using 2 real time RT-PCR specific for the two vaccines and a generic RT-PCR for IBV followed by sequencing. Titration of antibodies against Mass, QX, Q1 and 793B strains was perfomed in each sample using hemoagglutination inibition test. The real time RT-PCR for IBV QX vaccine was positive in tracheal swabs at days 12, 22 and 42 and only in cloacal ones at day 12. RT-PCR and sequencing were positive for IBV QX field strain in tracheal swabs at days 32 and 42 and in cloacal ones at days 32, 42 and 52 , while tracheal swabs were positive for a QX-793B recombinant strain at day 52. No clinical signs were observed during the whole production cycle confirming the efficacy of QX vaccine in controlling the disease caused by homologous variant. Furthermore the detection of a recombinant strain in healthy animal supports the hypothesis that the combination of vaccines applied in this farm could also protect against an enlarged spectrum of variants as already proved for the association between vaccines belonging to Mass and 793B genotype. Experimental challenges will be necessary to confirm field findings

Evidenze di campo dell\u2019efficacia della vaccinazione per Bronchite infettiva con ceppi Mass e QX nei confronti dell\u2019infezione da ceppi di campo di genotipo Q1

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an highly contagious Avian Coronavirus, and causes respiratory symptoms and serious economic losses for the worldwide chicken industry. In Northern Italy the prevalent strain is QX, and many farms vaccinated with the association of Mass and QX strains. A monitoring program was carried out in some farms vaccinated with a Mass strain at the hatchery and Nobilis IB Primo QX spray in field at day 1. A farm with previous QX strains isolation was selected, and two consequent cycles were monitored. Tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected at 5, 8, 12, 15, 19, 23, 29, 37, 43, 50 and 57 days from 10 birds, and blood samples were collected since 15 days, every week, from 20 birds. The swabs were processed in pool and 2 real time PCR specific for the two vaccines were conducted. An test HI was performed on blood samples for the titration of antibodies against IBV QX, Mass and 793B strains, in the second cycle Q1 was added. During the first cycle the birds showed mild respiratory symptoms at day 16 for 24h, no mortality was present and no treatment was required, and around day 43 for a couple of days, with presence of swollen head syndrome and mortality. A PCR for IBV and aMPV was conducted on swabs collected at days 15, 43 and 50, and sequencing for IBV positive samples was carried out. IBV Q1 strain was detected at days 15 and 50 and aMPV was detected at day 50. During the second cycle no symptoms were detected, but the presence of two peak in serology suggested the presence of field infection and IBV field QX strain was identified at day 29 and 36. In this case the vaccination with a Mass strain associated with a QX was effective not only for the control of a IBV QX strain infection, but also against IBV Q1 strain infection. Further studies in laboratory with known challenge will be necessary to confirm this result