Validez de los criterios DSM-IV según respuesta de los padres en el diagnóstico del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad.

Introducción. Objetivos: Estudiar la validez para el diagnóstico del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH), de cada uno de los ítems DSM-IV y buscar un modelo reducido de ítems que ayude a detectar casos de niños con TDAH. Sujetos y método. Se utilizan los datos de un estudio epidemiológico sobre TDAH con una muestra de 1095 casos. El 6.6% son TDAH. Casos de TDAH definidos según ADHD RS-IV y criterios clínicos DSM-IV. Controles definidos por exclusión. Resultados. El modelo de regresión logística que mejor predice el fenotipo inatento está compuesto por los ítems del ADHD RS-IV (versión padres) 1, 3, 9, 15 y 17 (Se: 96.7%, Es: 81.5%); el fenotipo hiperactivo/impulsivo por los ítems 2, 4, 10, 12, 14 y 16 (Se: 96.6%, Es: 81%) y el fenotipo combinado por los ítems 9, 10, 12, 14 y 15 (Se: 100 %, Es: 82.6%). Existe una reducción del 66% de los ítems en el fenotipo combinado. Conclusiones. Es posible reducir la lista de síntomas de TDAH con unos niveles de validez adecuados y determinados ítems parecen tener mayor capacidad para determinar decisiones diagnóstica

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Protocolo de seguimiento de la otitis media serosa en Atención Primaria

Introducción y objetivo: Con la intención de mejorar la calidad asistencial de los niños con otitis media serosa (OMS), los pediatras de atención primaria (PAP) se han provisto de procedimientos diagnósticos y medios formativos, estableciéndose una regla de actuación consensuada. En este trabajo presentamos el protocolo elaborado para el seguimiento de la OMS infantil. Método: Un grupo de PAP y ORL del mismo Área de salud, trabajamos para conseguir este consenso. A través de las guías publicadas y de la revisión de la literatura sobre OMS, encontramos su mejor adaptación a nuestro medio. Resultados: Se expresan los pasos que hemos considerado necesarios para el diagnóstico, seguimiento, derivación y documentación de la OMS en la infancia. Discusión: Una correcta intervención terapéutica de la OMS en la infancia implica documentar en pediatría las características del paciente y los hallazgos clínicos de la otoscopia neumática y de la timpanometría, realizar un seguimiento periódico y vigilante de las posibles alteraciones, conocer y aplicar los motivos de derivación a atención especializada y mantener una buena comunicación entre PAP y ORL. Conclusiones: El acuerdo entre pediatras y ORL ha permitido establecer una guía conjunta de actuación en la OMS infantil, lo que junto a la mejora del diagnóstico, redundará en un mayor grado de eficacia y eficiencia en los cuidados de este proceso.Introduction and objective: With the intention of improving the quality of care of children with otitis media with effusion (OME), the pediatricians of primary care (PAP) have been provided procedures diagnostic and training media, establishing a rule of consensus action. In this paper we present the Protocol developed for the monitoring of OME in children. Method: A team of pediatricians and otolaryngologists from the same Healthcare Area, who have worked to achieve this consensus. Through the published guides and review of the literature on OME, we find his best adaptation to our environment. Results: We expose the necessary steps for the diagnosis, follow-up, referral and documentation of OME in children. Discussion: A correct therapeutic intervention for OME in children involves documenting patient characteristics and clinical findings of the pneumatic otoscopy and tympanometry, perform periodic and vigilant monitoring of potential disruptions, know and apply the reasons for referral to specialized care and maintaining good communication between pediatricians and ENT. Conclusions: The agreement between pediatricians and ENT has helped establish a joint guide of action in children for OME, which together with the improvement of diagnosis, will result in a greater degree of efficiency in the childhood care of OME

Otitis media with effusion (OME) in primary care: follow-up protocol

Introduction and objective: With the intention of improving the quality of care of children with otitis media with effusion (OME), the pediatricians of primary care (PAP) have been provided procedures diagnostic and training media, establishing a rule of consensus action. In this paper we present the Protocol developed for the monitoring of OME in children. Method: A team of pediatricians and otolaryngologists from the same Healthcare Area, who have worked to achieve this consensus. Through the published guides and review of the literature on OME, we find his best adaptation to our environment. Results: We expose the necessary steps for the diagnosis, follow-up, referral and documentation of OME in children. Discussion: A correct therapeutic intervention for OME in children involves documenting patient characteristics and clinical findings of the pneumatic otoscopy and tympanometry, perform periodic and vigilant monitoring of potential disruptions, know and apply the reasons for referral to specialized care and maintaining good communication between pediatricians and ENT. Conclusions: The agreement between pediatricians and ENT has helped establish a joint guide of action in children for OME, which together with the improvement of diagnosis, will result in a greater degree of efficiency in the childhood care of OME.Introducción y objetivo: Con la intención de mejorar la calidad asistencial de los niños con otitis media serosa (OMS), los pediatras de atención primaria (PAP) se han provisto de procedimientos diagnósticos y medios formativos, estableciéndose una regla de actuación consensuada. En este trabajo presentamos el protocolo elaborado para el seguimiento de la OMS infantil. Método: Un grupo de PAP y ORL del mismo Área de salud, trabajamos para conseguir este consenso. A través de las guías publicadas y de la revisión de la literatura sobre OMS, encontramos su mejor adaptación a nuestro medio. Resultados: Se expresan los pasos que hemos considerado necesarios para el diagnóstico, seguimiento, derivación y documentación de la OMS en la infancia. Discusión: Una correcta intervención terapéutica de la OMS en la infancia implica documentar en pediatría las características del paciente y los hallazgos clínicos de la otoscopia neumática y de la timpanometría, realizar un seguimiento periódico y vigilante de las posibles alteraciones, conocer y aplicar los motivos de derivación a atención especializada y mantener una buena comunicación entre PAP y ORL. Conclusiones: El acuerdo entre pediatras y ORL ha permitido establecer una guía conjunta de actuación en la OMS infantil, lo que junto a la mejora del diagnóstico, redundará en un mayor grado de eficacia y eficiencia en los cuidados de este proceso