Which Groups Have a Greater Risk of Poverty in Spain?

Ekonomsku krizu koja je prisutna u Španjolskoj od 2008. godine pratilo je povećanje nejednakosti i stope siromaštva. Cilj rada je odrediti najranjivije društvene skupine u smislu siromaštva u Španjolskoj. Empirijska analiza koristi informacije iz Ankete o uvjetima života iz 2015. godine, kako bi objasnila varijablu siromaštva koja je katalogizirana u tri kategorije (teško siromaštvo, umjereno siromaštvo i bez rizika od siromaštva) kod osoba starijih od 16 godina; eksplanatorne varijable su sociodemografske i radne, te predstavljaju različite skupine španjolskog stanovništva. Studija primjenjuje multinomični logistički regresijski model na posljednje podatke Ankete o životnim uvjetima, koji će nam omogućiti procjenu vjerojatnosti da je osoba starija od od 16 godina u stanju umjerenog siromaštva, teškog siromaštva ili je bez rizika od siromaštva za različite analizirane kategorije. Postoji nekoliko razlika u siromaštvu ovisno o spolu; kategorije koje najviše pogađa umjereno i / ili teško siromaštvo su razdvojene i razvedene osobe, stranci koji nisu iz Europske unije, osobe s niskom razinom obrazovanja i privremenim zaposlenjem. Moramo prihvatiti da u situacijama poteškoća postoje neke skupine koje su zbog svojih gospodarskih uvjeta u lošijem položaju za suočavanje s nepovoljnim situacijama.The economic crisis present in Spain since the year 2008 has come accompanied by increases in inequality and in the rates of poverty. The objective of this paper is to determine the most vulnerable social groups in terms of poverty in Spain. The empirical analysis uses the information of the Survey of Living Conditions from 2015, in order to explain poverty catalogued as severe poverty, moderate poverty and without risk of poverty for persons older than 16 years; the explanatory variables are of socio-demographic and labour types, and they represent different groups of the Spanish population. The study applies an ordinal logistic regression model to the data of the Survey of Living Conditions, which will allow us to estimate the probabilities that an over-16 individual is in a situation of moderate poverty, severe poverty, or with no risk of poverty for the different categories analysed. There are a few differences in poverty depending on gender; the categories most affected by the moderate and/or severe poverty are separated and divorced persons, foreigners not from the European Union, persons with low training levels, and those with a temporary contract. We must accept that in the situations of difficulty, there are some groups that, due to their economic conditions, are at a disadvantage to face adverse situations

Synthesis and biological activity of a new class of antitumor cyclopeptides based on the solomonamides

Solomonamides A (1) and B (2) are novel natural products recently isolated from the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei [1]. Preliminary structural studies revealed an unprecedented cyclic peptide type structure. Interestingly, solomonamide A exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, showing potent reduction (60%) of inflammation at a very low concentration of 100 µg/kg in animal models. However, the scarcity of these compounds from their natural sources has been a drawback for further pharmacological assays. In fact, the anti-inflammatory activity of solomonamide B was not evaluated due to the limited amounts. This difficulty to access large amounts of these compounds makes quite difficult to gain insight into their biological profiles and mechanism of action and justifies the chemical synthesis of this new class of cyclic peptides. As a consequence, the solomonamides have been the subject of several synthetic efforts [2] notably by the Reddy group who has recently reported the first total synthesis of solomonamide B based on a intramolecular Heck reaction, which led to a revision of the initially proposed structure for 2 [3].Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Exploring the ring-closing metathesis for the construction of the solomonamide macrocyclic core: identification of bioactive precursors

New synthetic strategies directed toward the novel cyclopeptides solomonamides have been explored utilizing an olefin metathesis as the key reaction. In the various strategies investigated, we worked on minimally oxidized systems, and the olefin metathesis reaction demonstrated efficiency and validity for the construction of the macrocyclic core. The described synthetic strategies toward the solomonamides are well suited for the subsequent access to the natural products and represent flexible and diversityoriented routes that allow for the generation of a variety of analogues via oxidative transformations. In addition, preliminary biological evaluations of the generated solomonamide precursors revealed antitumor activity against various tumor cell lines.This work was financially supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) (ref BIO2014-56092-R, CTQ2014-60223-R and CTQ2016-76311-R) and Junta de Andalucía and “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER” (P12 CTS-1507). I.C.-S. thanks Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte for a predoctoral fellowship (FPU programme)

Scoping Review of Kaizen and Green Practices: State of the Art and Future Directions

ABSTRACT: Given the importance that environmental management is acquiring, the main aim of this work is to know what the state of the field kaizen and green practices is at present. A systematic narrative review is conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. Two databases (Web of Science and Scopus) were searched. Finally, after applying the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 documents were analyzed. Based on the results, it might be concluded that, despite the growing interest in the relationship between kaizen and green practices, this is a topic in the early stages of development, with a clear predominance of case studies. It is, therefore, necessary to develop more research on this kaizen and green issue as improving environmental management is undeniably becoming a must in today's competitive environment. For instance, more research is needed on the application of kaizen tools as results obtained so far seem not to be conclusive. Additionally, more academic and rigorous studies should be developed on this topic as many of the analyzed papers seem to be clearly created for dissemination among practitioners, some of them lacking the traditional academic structure and scientific method during their development

Caracterización fitoquímica de factores antinutricionales en las hojas de uvito (cordia dentata poir)

Objetivo. Establecer factores antinutricionales en la biomasa de uvito (Cordia dentata Poir), y su valor nutricional e impacto en el bienestar animal, mediante experimentos de producción de gas. Materiales y Métodos. La recolección de hojas de C. dentata se llevó a cabo en dos épocas del año, correspondientes al periodo de verano (marzo) y lluvioso (septiembre), en el municipio de Codazzi (Cesar). Adicionalmente se realizó un muestreo de pasto Colosuana (Bothriochloa pertusa) que fue utilizado como forraje control. En las diferentes muestras se determinó la concentración de taninos, saponinas, alcaloides, nitratos y nitritos. Posteriormente, en ensayos de producción de gas in vitro, se cuantificó el impacto nutricional de diferentes concentraciones de los componentes antinutricionales mayoritarios identificados en la primera fase. Resultados. Los análisis realizados en este estudio indicaron que el uvito es un forraje degradable y una buena fuente de proteína aprovechable (16.8%) y que los contenidos de saponinas, alcaloides y taninos no deben ser considerados factores antinutricionales en esta especie. Sin embargo, la concentración de nitratos fue catalogada como potencialmente tóxica, condición que debe ser un factor a tener en cuenta al momento de incluir esta especie en la dieta de rumiantes. La cantidad de gas producido en los experimentos se vio afectada negativamente por la presencia de los nitratos contenidos en las hojas de C. dentata. Conclusiones. El uvito () puede ser incluido en la dieta de bovinos, teniendo muy en cuenta el control de los nitratos en el total de la dieta

Salmonella infection in mesenteric lymph nodes of breeding sows

Salmonellosis is one of the main foodborne diseases worldwide. Breeding sows asymptomatically infected with Salmonella can transmit the pathogen to piglets and humans. The isolation of Salmonella from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) is considered a demonstration of asymptomatic infection in swine. As previous breeding sow studies have been performed using feces, the aim of this work was to study the occurrence of Salmonella infections by sampling MLNs, in comparison to their serological status. First, Salmonella fecal shedding was studied in 12/16 large breeding farms to establish the framework of study. Then, MLN (n = 264) and blood (n = 237) samples were obtained at an abattoir from sows of 15 of these 16 breeding farms. Additionally, risk factors associated with Salmonella MLN infection were analyzed. A total of 6.1% (16/264) sows, distributed in 40% (6/15) of the farms, had the pathogen in MLN. Salmonella Typhimurium was the most frequent serovar isolated. Interestingly, 43.8% (7/16) of MLN isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested and were found distributed throughout all farms with at least one sow positive. As well, one isolate of the emerging DT195 clone was detected and found to be resistant to six antibiotic families (ASSuTNx-Cfx). The serovars and the resistance profiles of the Salmonella isolates from feces were completely different to those obtained from MLNs. The seroprevalence (41.8% of sows and 100% of farms) was higher than that of MLN infections, showing no concordance (k = 0.15) between these two diagnostic tests in sows. Strategies directed to correct two risk factors (i.e., administration of dry food and old premises) would most likely help to reduce Salmonella infections in breeding sows.The work was financed by Departamento de Industria, Energía e Innovación of the Navarra Government [reference IIQ14064.RI1] and Instituto Navarro de Tecnología e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias S.A. -INTIA- [reference CAM2011030054]. VG, SS, BSR and LMG contracts were funded by UPNA postdoctoral fellowship, Erasmus Mundus EMUNDUS18 Program, CSIC JAE-Doc Program, and INIA-European Social Fund, respectively. We are grateful to farmers, veterinaries and slaughterhouse workers as well as to the temporal students Naroa Remondegui, June Landa (JAE-Intro CSIC-FEDER fellowship), Ruth Erro and Mirian Samblas

Impact of the new handling recommendations for hazardous drugs in a hospital pharmacy service

Objective: To describe the actions taken by the Pharmacy Unit in a tertiary hospital in order to adapt to the recommendations established by NIOSH 2014 for handling Hazardous Drugs. Method: A retrospective observational study. A list was prepared including all hazardous drugs according to NIOSH 2014 that were available at the hospital as marketed or foreign drugs, or used in clinical trials, and there was a review of the processes of acquisition, repackaging, preparation, circuits, organizational, dispensing and identification. Results: After the analysis, a report including all needs was prepared and sent to the Hospital Management. Any relevant information about the handling and administration of hazardous drugs was included in the prescription computer program. There were changes in the acquisition process of two drugs, in order to avoid splitting and multi-dose formulations. An alternative or improvement was found for 35 253 of the 75 779 units of hazardous drugs repackaged in one year. The Pharmacy Unit took over the preparation of four non-sterile medications, as well as the preparation of all sterile parenteral medications included in Lists 1 and 2 that were not previously prepared there, as well as one from List 3. Information was also included about the preparation processes of Magistral Formulations that involved hazardous drugs from Lists 2 or 3

PBI mixed matrix hollow fiber membrane: Influence of ZIF-8 filler over H2/CO2 separation performance at high temperature and pressure

High performance and commercially attractive mixed-matrix membranes were developed for H2/CO2 separation via a scalable hollow fiber spinning process. Thin (~300 nm) and defect-free selective layers were successfully created with a uniform distribution of the nanosized (~60 nm) zeolitic-imidazole framework (ZIF-8) filler within the polymer (polybenzimidazole, PBI) matrix. These membranes were able to operate at high temperature (150 °C) and pressure (up to 30 bar) process conditions required in treatment of pre-combustion and syngas process gas streams. Compared with neat PBI hollow fibers, filler incorporation into the polymer matrix leads to a strong increase in H2 permeance from 65 GPU to 107 GPU at 150 °C and 7 bar, while the ideal H2/CO2 selectivity remained constant at 18. For mixed gas permeation, there is competition between H2 and CO2 transport inside ZIF-8 structure. Adsorption of CO2 in the nanocavities of the filler suppresses the transport of the faster permeating H2 and consequently decreases the H2 permeance with total feed pressure down to values equal to the pure PBI hollow fibers for the end pressure of 30 bar. Therefore, the improvement of fiber performance for gas separation with filler addition is compromised at high operating feed pressures, which emphasizes the importance of membrane evaluation under relevant process conditions.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013), under grant agreement no. 608490, M4CO2 project.Peer reviewe

Empirical mode decomposition-based filter applied to multifocal electroretinograms in multiple sclerosis diagnosis

As multiple sclerosis (MS) usually affects the visual pathway, visual electrophysiological tests can be used to diagnose it. The objective of this paper is to research methods for processing multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) recordings to improve the capacity to diagnose MS. MfERG recordings from 15 early-stage MS patients without a history of optic neuritis and from 6 control subjects were examined. A normative database was built from the control subject signals. The mfERG recordings were filtered using empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The correlation with the signals in a normative database was used as the classification feature. Using EMD-based filtering and performance correlation, the mean area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.90. The greatest discriminant capacity was obtained in ring 4 and in the inferior nasal quadrant (AUC values of 0.96 and 0.94, respectively). Our results suggest that the combination of filtering mfERG recordings using EMD and calculating the correlation with a normative database would make mfERG waveform analysis applicable to assessment of multiple sclerosis in early-stage patients