Falso aneurisma tras fractura diafisaria de fémur: Tratamiento mediante embolización

Un falso aneurisma es una complicación rara de una fractura de la diáfisis femoral. Se presenta un caso que fue diagnosticado tardíamente debido a la ausencia de sintomatología típica. Se discuten la etiología, profilaxis, diagnóstico y posibilidades terapéuticas; destacándose la novedad del diagnóstico y tratamiento mediante arteriografía y embolización selectiva.A false aneurysm following a closed femoral-shaft fracture is a rare complication. The author report a case that was lately diagnosed because of the absence of typical symptomatology. Aetiology, prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment are discussed, emphasizing the new method of diagnosis and treatment by arteriography and selective embolism

Multilayer hazes over Saturn’s hexagon from Cassini ISS limb images

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Detection of mouse endogenous type B astrocytes migrating towards brain lesions

16 p.-7 fig. Elvira G. et alt.Neuroblasts represent the predominant migrating cell type in the adult mouse brain. There are, however, increasing evidences of migration of other neural precursors. This work aims at identifying in vivo endogenous early neural precursors, different from neuroblasts, able to migrate in response to brain injuries. The monoclonal antibody Nilo1, which unequivocally identifies type B astrocytes and embryonic radial glia, was coupled to magnetic glyconanoparticles (mGNPs). Here we show that Nilo1-mGNPs in combination with magnetic resonance imaging in living mice allowed the in vivo identification of endogenous type B astrocytes at their niche, as well as their migration to the lesion site in response to glioblastoma, demyelination, cryolesion or mechanical injuries. In addition, Nilo1(+) adult radial glia-like structures were identified at the lesion site a few hours after damage. For all damage models used, type B astrocyte migration was fast and orderly. Identification of Nilo1(+) cells surrounding an induced glioblastoma was also possible after intraperitoneal injection of the antibody. This opens up the possibility of an early identification of the initial damage site(s) after brain insults, by the migration of type B astrocytes. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This work was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant RD06/0010/1010 to JAGS), and the Ministry of Science and Innovation (grants SAF2009-07974 to JAGS, CTQ-2011-271268 to SP, AMIT, CENIT-CDTI to MD).Peer reviewe

1,3-Dien-5-ynes: Versatile Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Carbo- and Heterocycles

1,3-Dien-5-ynes have been extensively used as starting materials for the synthesis of a wide number of different carbo- and heterocycles. The aim of this review is to give an overview of their utility in organic synthesis, highlighting the variety of compounds that can be directly accessed from single reactions over these systems. Thus, cycloaromatization processes are initially commented, followed by reactions directed toward the syntheses of five-membered rings, other carbocycles and, finally, heterocycles. The diverse methodologies that have been developed for the synthesis of each of these types of compounds from 1,3-dien-5-ynes are presented, emphasizing the influence of the reaction conditions and the use of additional reagents in the outcome of the transformations.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER (CTQ2013-41336-P, CTQ2013- 48937-C2-1-P, and CTQ2014-52488-R), Universidad de Alcalá (CCG2015/EXP-003) and Junta de Castilla y León (BU237U13

Regioselective synthesis of elusive 4,9-Dihydro-1H-Carbazoles by gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 3-Allenylmethylindoles

A general and efficient synthesis of 4,9-dihydro- 1H-carbazoles from 3-allenylmethylindoles is reported. The process, catalyzed by a cationic gold(I) complex, involves a formal C2−H bond activation of the indole unit by reaction with the allene. The nature of the substituents at the allylic and terminal positions of the allene moiety has a crucial effect on the regioselectivity of the cyclization, which is also influenced by the catalyst and the solvent employed. Moreover, some evidence of the contribution of different reaction routes is provided, which led us to propose a plausible multipathway mechanism consistent with all of the results described.MICINN and FEDER (CTQ2010-15358 and CTQ2009-09949/BQU) for financial support. E.A. thanks MEC for an FPU predoctoral fellowship. P.G.-G. and M.A.F.-R. thank MICINN for "Juan de la Cierva" and "Ramon y Cajal" contractsThis document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of organic chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher

A scenario of planet erosion by coronal radiation

Context: According to theory, high-energy emission from the coronae of cool stars can severely erode the atmospheres of orbiting planets. No observational tests of the long term effects of erosion have yet been made. Aims: To analyze the current distribution of planetary mass with X-ray irradiation of the atmospheres in order to make an observational assessment of the effects of erosion by coronal radiation. Methods: We study a large sample of planet-hosting stars with XMM-Newton, Chandra and ROSAT; make a careful identification of X-ray counterparts; and fit their spectra to make accurately measurements of the stellar X-ray flux. Results: The distribution of the planetary masses with X-ray flux suggests that erosion has taken place: most surviving massive planets, (M_p sin i >1.5 M_J), have been exposed to lower accumulated irradiation. Heavy erosion during the initial stages of stellar evolution is followed by a phase of much weaker erosion. A line dividing these two phases could be present, showing a strong dependence on planet mass. Although a larger sample will be required to establish a well-defined erosion line, the distribution found is very suggestive. Conclusions: The distribution of planetary mass with X-ray flux is consistent with a scenario in which planet atmospheres have suffered the effects of erosion by coronal X-ray and EUV emission. The erosion line is an observational constraint to models of atmospheric erosion.Comment: A&A 511, L8 (2010). 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 online table (included). Language edited; corrected a wrong unit conversion (g/s -> M_J/Gyr); corrected values in column 12 of Table 1 (slightly underestimated in first version), and Figure 2 updated accordingl

Estimation of the XUV radiation onto close planets and their evaporation

Context: The current distribution of planet mass vs. incident stellar X-ray flux supports the idea that photoevaporation of the atmosphere may take place in close-in planets. Integrated effects have to be accounted for. A proper calculation of the mass loss rate due to photoevaporation requires to estimate the total irradiation from the whole XUV range. Aims: The purpose of this paper is to extend the analysis of the photoevaporation in planetary atmospheres from the accessible X-rays to the mostly unobserved EUV range by using the coronal models of stars to calculate the EUV contribution to the stellar spectra. The mass evolution of planets can be traced assuming that thermal losses dominate the mass loss of their atmospheres. Methods: We determine coronal models for 82 stars with exoplanets that have X-ray observations available. Then a synthetic spectrum is produced for the whole XUV range (~1-912 {\AA}). The determination of the EUV stellar flux, calibrated with real EUV data, allows us to calculate the accumulated effects of the XUV irradiation on the planet atmosphere with time, as well as the mass evolution for planets with known density. Results: We calibrate for the first time a relation of the EUV luminosity with stellar age valid for late-type stars. In a sample of 109 exoplanets, few planets with masses larger than ~1.5 Mj receive high XUV flux, suggesting that intense photoevaporation takes place in a short period of time, as previously found in X-rays. The scenario is also consistent with the observed distribution of planet masses with density. The accumulated effects of photoevaporation over time indicate that HD 209458b may have lost 0.2 Mj since an age of 20 Myr. Conclusions: Coronal radiation produces rapid photoevaporation of the atmospheres of planets close to young late-type stars. More complex models are needed to explain fully the observations.Comment: Accepted by A&A. 10 pages, 8 figures, 7 Tables (2 online). Additional online material includes 7 pages, 6 figures and 6 tables, all include

Variabilidad de la Respuesta de las Células Dendríticas Estimuladas in vitro con Porphyromonas gingivalis y Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

ResumenLas células dendríticas son células presentadoras de antígeno capaces de inducir la activación y maduración de linfocitos T CD4+ vírgenes hacia un fenotipo efector especifico Th1 o Th2, dependiendo del tipo de antigeno presentado, las senales co-estimuladoras que expresan y el ambiente de citoquinas en el cual se produce la interaccion celula-celula. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la respuesta de las celulas dendriticas estimuladas in vitro con distintas concentraciones de las bacterias periodontopatógenas Pg y Aa. En celulas dendriticas derivadas de monocitos de sangre periferica estimuladas con 101 a 109 bacterias/mL de Pg y Aa se evaluo la expresion del marcador de maduracion CD80 mediante citometria de flujo y de las citoquinas IL1β, IL2, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL12, IL13, IFNγ, TNFα y TNFβ mediante RT-PCR cuantitativa. Aa y Pg indujeron maduracion de las celulas dendriticas, detectandose significativamente mayor expresion de CD80 con la estimulacion de Aa, e indujeron predominantemente la expresion de citoquinas propias de una respuesta Th1. Dependiendo de la carga bacteriana, fueron detectados distintos umbrales de induccion de expresion de citoquinas. Aa indujo la sintesis de IL1β, IL12, IFNγ, TNFα y TNFβ a menor carga bacteriana que Pg. Tomados en conjunto, estos datos nos permiten especular un mayor potencial antigenico y proyectar una mayor capacidad patogenica durante la infeccion periodontal de Aa en comparación a Pg.AbstractDendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells able to prime naive T cells and polarize them towards a Th1 or Th2 response, depending on the type of the antigen presented to the TCR, the type of costimulatory signals, and the cytokine pattern in the environment. The aim of this work was to analyze the response of dendritic cells to in vitro stimulation with Pg and Aa. In monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulated with 101 to 109 bacteria/mL of Pg or Aa were evaluated both the expression of the maturation marker CD80 by flow cytometry and the expression of the cytokines IL1β, IL2, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL12, IL13, IFNγ, TNFα and TNFβ by quantitative RT-PCR. Both Pg and Aa led to dendritic cell maturation, detecting higher CD80 expression upon Aa-stimulation, and induced a Th1 pattern of cytokine expression. Aa-stimulated dendritic cells expressed IL1β, IL12, IFNγ, TNFα and TNFβ mRNAs with lower bacterial charge than with Pg. Furthermore, our data indicated the existence of distinct thresholds for the induction of the different cytokines analyzed. Taken together, these data allow us to speculate a higher antigenic potential and higher pathogenic capacity of Aa than Pg during periodontal infections

Straightforward Synthesis of Dihydrobenzo[a]fluorenes through Au(I)-Catalyzed Formal [3 + 3] Cycloadditions

Dihydrobenzo[a]fluorene derivatives have been prepared by a formal intramolecular [3 + 3] cycloaddition of o-alkynylstyrenes bearing a secondary alkyl group at the β-position of the styrene moiety. The process, catalyzed by a cationic gold(I) complex, involves a 1,2-hydride migration as the key step. 6,11-Dihydro-5H-benzo[a]fluorenes could be obtained from the initially generated 6,6a-dihydro-5H-benzo[a]fluorenes by subsequent heating of the reaction mixture under gold(I) or Brønsted acid catalysis or directly by conducting the reactions at high temperatureMICINN and FEDER (CTQ2010-15358 and CTQ2009-09949/BQU) and Junta de Castilla y Leon (BU021A09 and GR-172) for financial support. A.M.S. thanks Junta de Castilla y Leon (Consejeria de Educacion) and Fondo Social Europeo for a PIRTU contract. M.A.R. thanks MEC for a "Young Foreign Researchers" contract (SB2009-0186). P.G.-G. and M.A.F.-R. thank MICINN for "Juan de la Cierva" and "Ramon y Cajal" contractsThis document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Organic Letters, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/articlesonrequest/index.htm