Investigación y análisis del entorno de México y el mundo para el Observatorio de Servicios e Innovación

El presente trabajo de investigación es un estudio enfocado a personas interesadas en dar soluciones a las empresas de servicios ante la pandemia del COVID 19. Alumnos de universidades, profesores y empresarios podrían ser los principales interesados en saber los resultados de dicha investigación. Esta investigación orientada a realizar un análisis del entorno, se enfocó en cuatro países principales: China, España, Estados Unidos de América y México. A su vez, fueron cuatro los factores objeto de estudio del análisis del entorno: economía, empleo, salud y sociocultural. Para la investigación fue crucial analizar el entorno de manera correcta ya que esto brinda información concreta de cómo cada uno de los países ha manejado la situación respecto a la pandemia, así como conocer cómo los países manejan sus datos y su información. De esta manera todo el grupo podía saber de manera sencilla la situación actual de cada país ante la pandemia. Durante la investigación se encontraron muchos datos relevantes que ayudaron a mostrar un panorama más amplio de cómo cada país ha manejado su información y su situación ante la contingencia. En algunos países fue sencillo y en otros fue difícil encontrar la información adecuada que permitiera realizar la investigación de manera completa. Los resultados obtenidos permiten ver cómo cada uno de los países investigados han sobrellevado la pandemia de manera diferente; estas diferencias han ocasionado que unos países se desarrollen mejor que otros. Acceder a la información fue un poco complicado, pero al final se logró obtener un panorama amplio de la situación de los países ya mencionados. Las personas interesadas en encontrar soluciones para las empresas para combatir la contingencia, podrán encontrar dentro el reporte una amplia investigación sobre el panorama internacional de la evolución de la pandemia y de la evolución de los países en su paso por combatirla. Al final de la investigación quedó pendiente de realizar la implementación de las herramientas en una empresa real. Esto podrá dar un panorama exacto de qué tan eficientes serán las herramientas en una implementación real, para alguna empresa que tenga esta problemática.ITESO, A.C

o 012safety and effectiveness of regorafenib in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer mcrc in routine clinical practice final analysis from the prospective observational correlate study

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Wnt9a deficiency discloses a repressive role of Tcf7l2 on endocrine differentiation in the embryonic pancreas

Transcriptional and signaling networks establish complex cross-regulatory interactions that drive cellular differentiation during development. Using microarrays we identified the gene encoding the ligand Wnt9a as a candidate target of Neurogenin3, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that functions as a master regulator of pancreatic endocrine differentiation. Here we show that Wnt9a is expressed in the embryonic pancreas and that its deficiency enhances activation of the endocrine transcriptional program and increases the number of endocrine cells at birth. We identify the gene encoding the endocrine transcription factor Nkx2-2 as one of the most upregulated genes in Wnt9a-ablated pancreases and associate its activation to reduced expression of the Wnt effector Tcf7l2. Accordingly, in vitro studies confirm that Tcf7l2 represses activation of Nkx2-2 by Neurogenin3 and inhibits Nkx2-2 expression in differentiated β-cells. Further, we report that Tcf7l2 protein levels decline upon initiation of endocrine differentiation in vivo, disclosing the downregulation of this factor in the developing endocrine compartment. These findings highlight the notion that modulation of signalling cues by lineage-promoting factors is pivotal for controlling differentiation programs

Combination of KIR2DS4 and FcγRIIa polymorphisms predicts the response to cetuximab in KRAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer

Cetuximab is a standard-of-care treatment for RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) but not for those harbor a KRAS mutation since MAPK pathway is constitutively activated. Nevertheless, cetuximab also exerts its effect by its immunomodulatory activity despite the presence of RAS mutation. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of polymorphism FcγRIIIa V158F and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes on the outcome of mCRC patients with KRAS mutations treated with cetuximab. This multicenter Phase II clinical trial included 70 mCRC patients with KRAS mutated. We found KIR2DS4 gene was significantly associated with OS (HR 2.27; 95% CI, 1.08–4.77; P = 0.03). In non-functional receptor homozygotes the median OS was 2.6 months longer than in carriers of one copy of full receptor. Multivariate analysis confirmed KIR2DS4 as a favorable prognostic marker for OS (HR 6.71) in mCRC patients with KRAS mutation treated with cetuximab. These data support the potential therapeutic of cetuximab in KRAS mutated mCRC carrying non-functional receptor KIR2DS4 since these patients significantly prolong their OS even after heavily treatment. KIR2DS4 typing could be used as predictive marker for identifying RAS mutated patients that could benefit from combination approaches of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and other immunotherapies to overcome the resistance mediated by mutation in RAS.This clinical trial was approved and supported by Merck S.L., an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt. Germany [research project number 2010-023580-18, date: 05-06-2014

real world dosing of regorafenib reg in metastatic colorectal cancer mcrc final results from the prospective observational correlate study

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Spectroscopic evidence of distinct stellar populations in the counter-rotating stellar disks of NGC 3593 and NGC 4550

We present the results of integral-field spectroscopic observations of the two disk galaxies NGC 3593 and NGC 4550 obtained with VIMOS/VLT. Both galaxies are known to host 2 counter-rotating stellar disks, with the ionized gas co-rotating with one of them. We measured in each galaxy the ionized gas kinematics and metallicity, and the surface brightness, kinematics, mass surface density, and the stellar populations of the 2 stellar components to constrain the formation scenario of these peculiar galaxies. We applied a novel spectroscopic decomposition technique to both galaxies, to separate the relative contribution of the 2 counter-rotating stellar and one ionized-gas components to the observed spectrum. We measured the kinematics and the line strengths of the Lick indices of the 2 counter-rotating stellar components. We modeled the data of each stellar component with single stellar population models that account for the alpha/Fe overabundance. In both galaxies we successfully separated the main from the secondary stellar component that is less massive and rotates in the same direction of the ionized-gas component. The 2 stellar components have exponential surface-brightness profiles. In both galaxies, the two counter-rotating stellar components have different stellar populations: the secondary stellar disk is younger, more metal poor, and more alpha-enhanced than the main galaxy stellar disk. Our findings rule out an internal origin of the secondary stellar component and favor a scenario where it formed from gas accreted on retrograde orbits from the environment fueling an in situ outside-in rapid star formation. The event occurred ~ 2 Gyr ago in NGC 3593, and ~ 7 Gyr ago in NGC 4550. The binary galaxy merger scenario cannot be ruled out, and a larger sample is required to statistically determine which is the most efficient mechanism to build counter-rotating stellar disks (abridged).Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Reactive vanadium and iron fluxes in different modern sedimentary environments

This study evaluated the removal of the metals (Me) vanadium and iron associated with the operationally defined HCl-extractable (MeHCl), pyrite (Mepyr), and reactive (Mereac = MeHCl + Mepyr) fractions in the sediments of five contrasting sedimentary environments: (1) the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ; San Lázaro and San Blas basins); (2) the anoxic/anoxic-sulfidic sediments of the California Continental Borderland basins and Todos Santos Bay Canyon; (3) the oxic sediments of the Patton Escarpment, Baja California continental shelf, and deep sediments of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM); (4) the Guerrero Negro Hypersaline System (GNHS) in Baja California Sur, Mexico; and (5) the turbiditic deposits of the GoM. The average VHCl concentration ranged from 8 ± 15 nmol g−1 in turbidites to (7.9 ± 4.3) × 10^2 nmol g−1 in the OMZ, respectively. The Vpyr concentrations were within the narrow range of 6.6 ± 4.2 nmol g−1 (oxic sediments) to 8.6 ± 5.4 nmol g−1 (turbidites), which indicates that the pyrite fraction is not an important reservoir of reactive V. The relative consistency of the Vpyr concentrations (7.2 ± 5.2 nmol g−1; n = 1098), regardless of the sedimentary environment and redox state of the system, allowed us to calculate a global burial value for oceanic sediments of 4.2 ± 3.0 Gg y–1. The VHCl enrichment observed in OMZ and anoxic/anoxic-sulfidic sediments may be due to its incorporation into acid volatile sulfide. The lowest average values of the degree of V pyritization corresponded to the OMZ (0.98 ± 0.68%) while the highest average values corresponded to turbidites (69 ± 32%), with the latter being due to their extremely low VHCl values. The mass accumulation rate (MAR) calculations for reactive Fe and V show that the sediments of all OMZ regions could annually incorporate (12.1 ± 8.6) × 10^4 Gg and (6.3 ± 3.8) × 10^2 Gg of reactive Fe and V, respectively. Although the GNHS exhibited the greatest MAR value of reactive Fe and V [(32 ± 28) × 10^2 g m−2 ky−1 and 35 ± 35 g m−2 ky−1, respectively], this environment currently does not contribute an important percentage of the MAR at the global level due to its small geographical area. However, in the geological past when its geographical area was much greater, the MAR values of reactive Fe and V may have been more important. Although deep sediments (>1000 m water depth) cover a substantial area, they contribute a relatively small, yet significant proportion of the total vanadium (V) deposited in ocean sediments, ranging from 9.7% to 24.8%