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Con autorización de la editorial para autores CSIC.Peer reviewe

Governing landraces and associated knowledge as a commons. From theory to practice

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552We examine the governance of landraces and associated knowledge in Spain focusing on actions to maintain them in the public domain and to manage them as commons. We first examine the international mechanisms promoting conservation of landraces and associated knowledge in the public domain and the actions by the Spanish state to apply such regulations. We then explore the efforts of the Spanish seed network and a group of scientists to manage them as commons. The analysis of the interactions between the public and the commons regimes led us to conclude that landraces and associated knowledge would be better managed under a combination of governance regimes

Are psychological belief built on the ideology of early christian fathers? [¿Se basan las creencias psicológicas en la ideología de los padres de la iglesia cristiana temprana?]

ABSTRACT The aims of the present study were to investigate the relationship between: a) Patristic ideology and mentalist and behaviorist beliefs, and b) the relationship between mentalist and behaviorist beliefs and cognitive, neuropsychological and interbehavioral beliefs. The beliefs were assessed through an instrument purposely built for this research. A sample composed of 284 university students of first-semester psychology (84 men and 200 women; mean ages M = 17.82 years, SD = 2.34, range 16-38 years) were enrolled. After performing structural equation modelling (SEM), results show that patristic ideology is not related to behaviorism (β = .09, p = .387), but it is related with mentalism (β = .26, p = .042), also the mentalism is related with cognitive beliefs (β = .72, p =.001) and neuropsychological beliefs (β = .87, p = .014), while behaviorism is related with interbehavioral beliefs (β = .42, p = .014). It was found that first-year psychology students show less acceptance of the early patristic ideology (M = 75.28), it is less successful than mentalism (M = 86.33). The conclusion is that mentalism, successor of Patristic ideology, continues to be related to cognitive and neuropsychological beliefs

The contribution of traditional agroecological knowledge as a digital commons to agroecological transitions : The case of the CONECT-e platform

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552Traditional agroecological knowledge (TAeK) refers to the cumulative and evolving body of knowledge, practices, beliefs, institutions, and worldviews about the relationships between a society or cultural group and their agroecosystems. These knowledge systems contribute to maintaining environmental and culturally sensitive food systems and have been considered very relevant for agroecological transitions, or the processes of scaling-up and -out agroecology. However, TAeK's erosion and enclosure threatens its use and reproduction, which in turn might affect TAeK's potential contribution to agroecological transitions. Here, we explore how transforming TAeK, and particularly TAeK on landraces, into a digital commons can contribute to its maintenance and protection, and thus to agroecological transitions. We do so by analyzing the CONECT-e platform, an initiative for digitally storing and sharing TAeK in a participatory way. One year after being launched, CONECT-e has documented 452 geographically distinct landraces from 81 different species. The information shared in this platform is well-structured, clear, and reliable; it thus allows for the replication of the knowledge reported. Moreover, because CONECT-e makes the documented information freely available and protects it with a copyleft license, placing information in this platform could help one face landrace misappropriation issues. CONECT-e, or similar initiatives, could contribute to agroecological transitions via maintaining TAeK under the digital commons framework, making it accessible to all society and avoiding enclosure processes

Intervenir sobre la agresividad en la conducción.

El Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Tráfico y Seguridad Vial (INTRAS) y Attitudes (programa social de Audi), tras la publicación de los libros "La agresividad en la conducción: Una investigación a partir de la visión de la población española" y "La agresividad en la conducción: una visión a partir de las investigaciones internacionales", se plantearon como actividad complementaria la realización de unas jornadas que cumplieran los siguientes objetivos: • Permitir avanzar en el conocimiento y la implementación de medidas que contribuyan a una mejora de la seguridad vial. • Servir como foro de expresión para científicos y profesionales con un tono constructivo, plural e integrador. • Tener un componente de difusión tanto al público científico y profesional, como a la población en general a través de una amplia convocatoria a los medios de comunicación. • Partir de una rigurosidad científica en su planteamiento, siendo ésta la única imposición que centrara las intervenciones de todos los participantes. Sus características serían: • La temática es la agresividad en la conducción. • Se desarrolla mediante la organización de varios Focus-group (grupos de discusión) que sirvan de reunión de expertos y responsables en las materias y campos de actuación confluyentes en esta problemática. • Dichos Focus-group cuentan con personas relevantes de nuestro país. • Tener unos documentos que centraran la discusión (mediante la aportación a los miembros de los Focus-group de los libros mencionados). • Una conferencia magistral de una prestigiosa investigadora en la temática propuesta (la agresividad en la conducción) como es el caso de Dianne Parker, profesora de psicología de la Universidad de Manchester (UK) y Directora del Driver Behavior Research Unit. • Dividida en dos días, para atender a dos objetivos tan distintos como complementarios. El primero de ellos para el desarrollo de los Focus-group donde se pproducen los debates entre los expertos y el segundo de ellos para servir de plataforma de divulgación de los resultados de los estudios, de la conferencia magistral y de los resultados de los distintos Focus-group. Las 1as Jornadas de Reflexión Attitudes: "La agresividad en la conducción” se llevaron a cabo los días 17 y 18 de octubre de 2002. Se desarrollaron cuatro Focus-group con los siguientes títulos: • "Intervenir sobre la agresividad en la conducción: aspectos jurídicos-legales" • "Intervenir sobre la agresividad en la conducción: programas educativos y sociales" • "Intervenir sobre la agresividad en la conducción: medios de comunicación y publicidad" • "Los niños y la agresividad en la conducción" Y esto que tiene entre sus manos es el cuaderno que recoge las conclusiones de las referidas jornadas. Encontrarán, en correspondencia con los Focus-group mencionados, tanto los intervinientes en los mismos como un resumen de las principales líneas de debate y conclusiones a las que llegaron cada uno de ellos. Nuestro último objetivo es impulsar e iniciar un segundo paso en la actividad de investigación-intervención, que desarropado de protagonismo, desde la integración y suma de esfuerzos de instituciones y personas, permita avanzar más y más rápido en el sentido deseado de prevenir la accidentalidad viaria abordando en este caso el factor de riesgo de la agresividad en la conducción

Sensitive and label-free biosensing of RNA with predicted secondary structures by a triplex affinity capture method

A novel biosensing approach for the label-free detection of nucleic acid sequences of short and large lengths has been implemented, with special emphasis on targeting RNA sequences with secondary structures. The approach is based on selecting 8-aminoadenine-modified parallel-stranded DNA tail-clamps as affinity bioreceptors. These receptors have the ability of creating a stable triplex-stranded helix at neutral pH upon hybridization with the nucleic acid target. A surface plasmon resonance biosensor has been used for the detection. With this strategy, we have detected short DNA sequences (32-mer) and purified RNA (103-mer) at the femtomol level in a few minutes in an easy and level-free way. This approach is particularly suitable for the detection of RNA molecules with predicted secondary structures, reaching a limit of detection of 50 fmol without any label or amplification steps. Our methodology has shown a marked enhancement for the detection (18% for short DNA and 54% for RNA), when compared with the conventional duplex approach, highlighting the large difficulty of the duplex approach to detect nucleic acid sequences, especially those exhibiting stable secondary structures. We believe that our strategy could be of great interest to the RNA field

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio