Citizenship as an input in the assessment of sustainability in architecture and urbanism

In the Mediterranean countries, the income ofthe building and city models from the North of Europe, has produce a change in the persons way of living. The traditional courtyard housing, the open and kind squares, the fresh and narrow streets, have been substituted by high buildings, hard concrete urban places and wide avenues. The protection against the environment of the traditional facades has been turned to thin walls and transparent surfaces. The texture of brick, stone or wood is been replaced with metal, plastic and glass. The well-being of the people is affected by aspects like acces, air, light, acoustic and visual contamination, the reduced account of open and green spaces in the city, the inadequate distribution of social activities places or buildings, the traffic, causing the appearance of illnesses like anxiousness or stress. The psychosocial well-being depends on psychological, physics and social factors. In Sustainable Architecture, Urbanism, and Construction, the investigations to define economic and environmental criteria to evaluate the sustainability of products and process, are numerous, and the social criteria studies are almost forget. We have to achieve the main target of offering to the people appropriate environment (cities, buildings and infrastructure) that help to improve the quality of their live, that reduce the negative impacts on the health and on the social, cultural or working activities. To achieve the challenge "Cities for all" and "Sustainable communities", we have to analyse the ways of living and the needs of each social group, from children and their caretaker, aged people, handicapped, immigrants, tourists .... Each of them with different needs but related. In this document we analyse the different social groups, their activities developed in the city and the negative impacts of the urban environment and the influence in the quality of live, to define an assessment methodology of the sustainability in Architecture and Urbanism from social criteria

Adaptation de la gestion technique des producteurs de café et de miel face aux variations de prix au Guatemala : concepts et méthodes

International audienceL'incertitude forge le quotidien des agriculteurs des municipalités de Jacaltenango et de San Antonio Huista, à la frontière occidentale du Guatemala. La communication présente le projet de recherche et les résultats intermédiaires d'une thèse de doctorat (2009-2011) portant sur l'adaptation de la gestion technique des producteurs de café et de miel des hautes terres guatémaltèques face aux variations de prix. Les concepts de logique d'action sur le long terme, de gestion technique et de flexibilité sont mobilisés pour l'étude de la trajectoire d'activités et de pratiques agricoles de 48 producteurs membres d'une association de commercialisation de café et miel. La méthodologie se décompose en quatre phases : (1) une phase exploratoire d'enquêtes compréhensives, (2) une phase exhaustive d'enquêtes semi-directives, (3) le traitement des données avec des méthodes statistiques de regroupement, (4) une vérification des corrélations statistiques observées via des monographies des systèmes d'activités. Une première confrontation de ce cadre théorique et méthodologique avec le terrain permet de préciser nos hypothèses autour des relations entre flexibilité et d'une part production biologique et d'autre part catégorie sociale de la main d'œuvre

DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PROTOTIPO “ROBOT SEGUIDOR DE LÍNEA VELOCISTA”

ResumenPromover el desarrollo de robots seguidores de línea entre los estudiantes de la carrera de Mecatrónica en la Universidad Tecnológica de Altamira, así como el aprendizaje por competencias, mediante la estrategia de aprendizaje basado en proyectos y resolución de problemas.Esta investigación comprende un desarrollo progresivo de diferentes etapas que inicia desde la definición de las características del robot hasta la selección de materiales y componentes electrónicos, diseño, ensamble y construcción del mismo y pruebas de funcionalidad, mismos que implementados en ese orden dan como producto terminado un robot seguidor de línea velocista.La meta fue  construir un robot liviano y veloz, pare ello se utilizó la mínima cantidad de materiales y accesorios necesarios, cuidando también el tamaño y peso de los componentes que, en su conjunto, dieron un buen resultado.Palabras claves: prototipo, robot, seguidor de línea velocista. AbstractPromote the development of line-following robots among the students of the Mechatronics career at the Technological University of Altamira, as well as learning by competences, through the project-based learning strategy and problem solving.This research includes a progressive development of different stages that starts from the definition of the characteristics of the robot to the selection of materials and electronic components, design, assembly and construction thereof and functionality tests, which implemented in that order give as a finished product a robot that follows the sprinter line.The goal was to build a light and fast robot, for this the minimum amount of necessary materials and accessories was used, also taking care of the size and weight of the components that, as a whole, gave a good result.Keywords: prototype, robot, sprinter

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

When death approaches: reverting or exploiting emergent inequity in a complex land-use table-board game

The lives of poor landowners in tropical mountains depend upon their collective capacity to create and coordinate social preferences derived from their interacting communalistic, hierarchical, and reciprocal exchanges. External actors currently contend for these territories under market rules that are modifying such preferences. We present the design, experimental implementation, and analysis of results of a four-player, land-use board game with stark resource and livelihood limits and coordination/cooperation challenges, as played (separately) by 116 farmers and 108 academics, mainly in the tropical mountains of Chiapas, Mexico. In game session one, we trained and framed players in moral economy, a human core feeling and communalistic norm of solidarity and mutual obligation, which translates into "all players must survive." In session two, we explored to what extent moral economy resisted as a social preference under a hypothetical external monetary incentive scheme unfavorable to it. Using an approach that combines spot game analysis and experimental work, we studied the social preferences that emerged during session two among advantaged and disadvantaged players to deal with inequity in land appropriation and use when imminent "death" approaches. We make comparisons between farmers and academics. Players evolved moral economy, competitive domination, i.e., let competition decide, and coalition, i.e., advantaged players ask the dying to surrender land and die prematurely in exchange for a share of the dismal profits. Farmers basically stuck to the first two preferences in similar proportions whereas academics clearly shifted to coalition, a last-resort choice, which allowed disadvantaged players some final leverage and advantaged players use of liberated resources to improve efficiency. Coalition as strategic cooperation among the unequal is part of the culture in which academics are being educated as sustainability professionals and toward which farmers are being steered. In the stringent social-environmental conditions of this game, the results were a Pareto-superior form of equity, albeit with land surrendering, and many more deaths than other preferences

UE POWER DECK. Baraja de gamificación del Plan de Ciencias

La baraja de gamificación Basic Science Power Deck es un elemento de dinamización de las clases que busca generar interacción profesor-estudiante. Cuando enfrentado a una pregunta cualquiera lanzada por el profesor durante una clase, el estudiante, generalmente, se encuentra en una situación que percibe como desventajosa. Contestar correctamente no tiene repercusión (más allá de la satisfacción personal), pero equivocarse frente a compañeros y profesor le supone subrayar públicamente su falta.SIN FINANCIACIÓNNo data 2016UE

Memorias IX Congreso Geológico Venezolano (3)

Memorias IX Congreso Geológico Venezolano (3