11 research outputs found
Las comunidades meiobentĂłnicas en playas arenosas expuestas de la costa gallega (NO España), seis meses despuĂ©s del vertido de fuel del Prestige: importancia de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policĂclicos (HAPs
The effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Galician sandy beach ecosystems, six months
after the Prestige oil spill, was evaluated using the meiobenthos at a higher taxon level as an indicator. Meiobenthos community structure, environmental variables and sediment PAH content from six affected exposed beaches were studied and
compared with three reference sites. They were also compared with data from polluted beaches obtained during the first
days of the spill. Significant amounts of PAHs were found in affected beach sediments and both univariate and multivariate
analyses showed differences between affected and reference beaches. Correlation analyses between PAH content and the
meiobenthos community structure showed that 1,2-dimethylnaphthalene (C2-NAPH) and 1-methylphenanthrene (C-PHEN)
affected both the community structure and the abundance of the main taxa. These two PAHs seem to be responsible for the
low meiofauna density values, which suggests that there is a relationship between the oil spill and the differences between
affected and reference localities– Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar el efecto de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policĂclicos (HAPs) en playas
arenosas gallegas, seis meses después del vertido de fuel producido por el Prestige, utilizando el meiobentos a nivel de
los grandes grupos zoolĂłgicos. Para llevar a cabo esta evaluaciĂłn la comunidad meiobentĂłnica, variables ambientales y el
contenido en HAPs del sedimento fueron estudiados en seis playas intermareales afectadas y comparados con tres localidades de referencia. TambiĂ©n fueron comparados con datos de playas contaminadas obtenidos durante los primeros dĂas del
derrame. Considerables cantidades de HAPs fueron encontradas en los sedimentos de las playas afectadas y tanto los análisis
univariantes como los multivariantes indicaron diferencias entre las playas afectadas y las de referencia. Los análisis de correlación entre el contenido en HAPs y la estructura de la comunidad meiobentónica indicaron que el 1, 2-dimetilnaftaleno
(C2-NAPH) y el 1-metilfenantreno (C-PHEN) jugaban un papel importante tanto en la estructura de la comunidad como
en la abundancia de los principales taxones. Estos dos HAPs parecieron ser los responsables de las bajas densidades de
meiofauna, corroborando la relaciĂłn entre el vertido de fuel y las diferencias entre las localidades afectadas y de referenciaThis research was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia y TecnologĂa (Programa Nacional: AcciĂłn urgente Prestige-Recursos Naturales)S
Estudio preliminar del efecto del fuel sobre la meiofauna de algunas playas gallegas, en los primeros dĂas de la marea negra del Prestige
Con el objetivo de obtener una primera evaluaciĂłn urgente del efecto de la marea negra provocada por el
Prestige, hemos estudiado la meiofauna de varias playas gallegas en los dĂas siguientes al accidente. Como parámetros
poblacionales para el estudio de dichas comunidades hemos considerado la abundancia, la densidad,
la heterogeneidad faunĂstica y el Ăndice Nematodos/CopĂ©podos Harpacticoideos.
En ninguna de las playas la meiofauna se viĂł totalmente eliminada. La densidad oscila entre 4 individuos/100
cc (Malpica) y 663 individuos/100 cc. (Lira) y la heterogeneidad faunĂstica entre 2 taxones (Baldaio) y 8 taxones
(Lariño, Lira). Las comunidades están dominadas por los Nematodos, los Copépodos Harpacticoideos o por
una combinaciĂłn de diferentes taxones
List of Medicines to Avoid in Primary Care Health and Their Application In Polymedicated Patients
[Resumen] Introduction: La alta prevalencia del uso de medicaciĂłn inadecuada y sus importantes consecuencias para la salud requieren herramientas especĂficas y ágiles que ayuden a detectarla y evitarla. Objetivo de este trabajo fue elaborar un listado de medicamentos a evitar en AP y aplicarlo en pacientes polimedicados de un servicio asistencial de AtenciĂłn Primaria (AP). MĂ©todos: En la Base de datos del Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de FarmacĂ©uticos español (BOT-Plus) se comprobĂł el estado y disponibilidad de cada uno de los 93 medicamentos del Listado Prescrire 2019. Se elaborĂł el Listado de medicamentos a evitar en AP con aquellos que estaban comercializados en España y se excluyeron los que no estaban financiados y los de uso exclusivo hospitalario. 2 2 Con el listado de medicamentos a evitar en AP se hizo un análisis retrospectivo de todos (N=262) los informes de prescripciĂłn de polimedicados >10 medicamentos del año 2017 en un servicio asistencial de AP (5 centros de salud). Se realizĂł análisis de frecuencias, medidas de tendencia central y dispersiĂłn; se estimaron (IC 95%) y se utilizĂł X o exacta de Fisher para determinar la asociaciĂłn entre variables y análisis de regresiĂłn logĂstica. Resultados: Se observĂł una prevalencia de polimedicados de 1,2%, con una media de edad de 71,7 ± 12,4 años y una media de prescripciones de 12 ±1,7 medicamentos. El listado de medicamentos a evitar en AP incluyĂł 45 principios activos. Los fármacos a evitar más usados han sido: duloxetina, sitagliptina y olmesartán. El 50,4% de los polimedicados tenĂan al menos un medicamento a evitar y una edad media de 68,5±11,8 años. El sexo fue un factor de riesgo de prescripciĂłn inadecuada, el hecho de ser mujer incrementa con un OR=1,8 (IC 95%=1,3-3,0) la probabilidad de medicamentos a evitar. Conclusiones: Un alto porcentaje de pacientes polimedicados tienen prescripto al menos un medicamento a evitar. El listado de medicamentos a evitar en AP es una herramienta Ăştil para identificar la medicaciĂłn inadecuada y para uso de los profesionales de AP.[Abstract] Introduction: The high prevalence of inappropriate medication use and its important health consequences for health require specific and agile tools to detect and avoid it. The objective of this work was to elaborate a list of medications to avoid in Primary Care and to apply it on the polymedicated patients of a Primary Care assistance service. Methods: In the Database of the Spanish General Council of Official Associations of Pharmacists (BOT-Plus) the status and availability of each of the 93 MAE of the Prescrire 2019 List was checked. The list of medications to be avoided in Primary Care was drawn up with those that were marketed in Spain and excluded those that were not financed and those for exclusive hospital use. With the list of medicines to avoid in Primary Care, a retrospective analysis was made of all the prescription reports of polimedicated >10 medications for 2017 in a Primary Care services (N=262) in 5 health centers. Frequency analysis, central tendency measures and dispersion were carried out; they were estimated [CI: 95%] and X or Fisher’s exact was used to determine the association between variables and logistic regression analysis. Results: A prevalence of polymedicated drugs of 1.2% was observed, with a mean age of 71.7 years (DT± 12.4) and a mean prescription of 12 drugs (DT±1.7). The list of medications to be avoided in PC included 45 active ingredients. The 50.4% of the polymedicated had at least one drug to avoid and an average age of 68.5 years (DT±11.8). Sex was a risk factor for inappropriate prescription, the fact of being a woman increases with an OR=1.8 (IC95%=1, 3-3.0) the probability of having some medicines to avoid. The most commonly used drugs to avoid were: duloxetine, sitagliptin and olmesartan. Conclusions: A high percentage of polymedicated patients are prescribed at least one drug to avoid. The Primary Care medication avoidance list is a useful tool for identifying inappropriate medication and for the use by Primary Care professionals
Severe manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents: from COVID-19 pneumonia to multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a multicentre study in pediatric intensive care units in Spain
Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C) has been described as a novel and often severe presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. We aimed to describe the characteristics of children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) presenting with MIS-C in comparison with those admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection with other features such as COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods A multicentric prospective national registry including 47 PICUs was carried out. Data from children admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or fulfilling MIS-C criteria (with or without SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmation) were collected. Clinical, laboratory and therapeutic features between MIS-C and non-MIS-C patients were compared. Results Seventy-four children were recruited. Sixty-one percent met MIS-C definition. MIS-C patients were older than non-MIS-C patients (p = 0.002): 9.4 years (IQR 5.5-11.8) vs 3.4 years (IQR 0.4-9.4). A higher proportion of them had no previous medical history of interest (88.2% vs 51.7%, p = 0.005). Non-MIS-C patients presented more frequently with respiratory distress (60.7% vs 13.3%, p < 0.001). MIS-C patients showed higher prevalence of fever (95.6% vs 64.3%, p < 0.001), diarrhea (66.7% vs 11.5%, p < 0.001), vomits (71.1% vs 23.1%, p = 0.001), fatigue (65.9% vs 36%, p = 0.016), shock (84.4% vs 13.8%, p < 0.001) and cardiac dysfunction (53.3% vs 10.3%, p = 0.001). MIS-C group had a lower lymphocyte count (p < 0.001) and LDH (p = 0.001) but higher neutrophil count (p = 0.045), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) and procalcitonin (p < 0.001). Patients in the MIS-C group were less likely to receive invasive ventilation (13.3% vs 41.4%, p = 0.005) but were more often treated with vasoactive drugs (66.7% vs 24.1%, p < 0.001), corticosteroids (80% vs 44.8%, p = 0.003) and immunoglobulins (51.1% vs 6.9%, p < 0.001). Most patients were discharged from PICU by the end of data collection with a median length of stay of 5 days (IQR 2.5-8 days) in the MIS-C group. Three patients died, none of them belonged to the MIS-C group. Conclusions MIS-C seems to be the most frequent presentation among critically ill children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. MIS-C patients are older and usually healthy. They show a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and shock and are more likely to receive vasoactive drugs and immunomodulators and less likely to need mechanical ventilation than non-MIS-C patients
Severe manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents: from COVID-19 pneumonia to multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a multicentre study in pediatric intensive care units in Spain
Background
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C) has been described as a novel and often severe presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. We aimed to describe the characteristics of children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) presenting with MIS-C in comparison with those admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection with other features such as COVID-19 pneumonia.
Methods
A multicentric prospective national registry including 47 PICUs was carried out. Data from children admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or fulfilling MIS-C criteria (with or without SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmation) were collected. Clinical, laboratory and therapeutic features between MIS-C and non-MIS-C patients were compared.
Results
Seventy-four children were recruited. Sixty-one percent met MIS-C definition. MIS-C patients were older than non-MIS-C patients (p = 0.002): 9.4 years (IQR 5.5–11.8) vs 3.4 years (IQR 0.4–9.4). A higher proportion of them had no previous medical history of interest (88.2% vs 51.7%, p = 0.005). Non-MIS-C patients presented more frequently with respiratory distress (60.7% vs 13.3%, p < 0.001). MIS-C patients showed higher prevalence of fever (95.6% vs 64.3%, p < 0.001), diarrhea (66.7% vs 11.5%, p < 0.001), vomits (71.1% vs 23.1%, p = 0.001), fatigue (65.9% vs 36%, p = 0.016), shock (84.4% vs 13.8%, p < 0.001) and cardiac dysfunction (53.3% vs 10.3%, p = 0.001). MIS-C group had a lower lymphocyte count (p < 0.001) and LDH (p = 0.001) but higher neutrophil count (p = 0.045), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) and procalcitonin (p < 0.001). Patients in the MIS-C group were less likely to receive invasive ventilation (13.3% vs 41.4%, p = 0.005) but were more often treated with vasoactive drugs (66.7% vs 24.1%, p < 0.001), corticosteroids (80% vs 44.8%, p = 0.003) and immunoglobulins (51.1% vs 6.9%, p < 0.001). Most patients were discharged from PICU by the end of data collection with a median length of stay of 5 days (IQR 2.5–8 days) in the MIS-C group. Three patients died, none of them belonged to the MIS-C group.
Conclusions
MIS-C seems to be the most frequent presentation among critically ill children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. MIS-C patients are older and usually healthy. They show a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and shock and are more likely to receive vasoactive drugs and immunomodulators and less likely to need mechanical ventilation than non-MIS-C patients
Kairos study protocol: a multidisciplinary approach to the study of school timing and its effects on health, well-being and students’ performance
Recent evidence from chronobiology, chssronomedicine and chronopsychology shows that the organisation of social time (e.g., school schedules) generally does not respect biological time. This raises concerns about the impact of the constant mismatch between students’ social and internal body clocks on their health, well-being and academic performance. The present paper describes a protocol used to investigate the problem of (de) synchronisation of biological times (chronotypes) in childhood and youth in relation to school times. It studies the effects of student chronotype vs. school schedule matches/mismatches on health behaviours (e.g., how many hours students sleep, when they sleep, eat, do physical activity, spend time outdoors in daylight) and learning (verbal expression, spatial structuring, operations) and whether alert-fatigue levels mediate this effect alignments/misalignments on learning (verbal expression, spatial structuring, operations) and their mediation by alert-fatigue levels. The novelty of our protocol lies in its multidisciplinary and mixed methodology approach to a relevant and complex issue. It draws on up-to-date knowledge from the areas of biology, medicine, psychology, pedagogy and sociology. The methods employed include a varied repertoire of techniques from hormonal analysis (cortisol and melatonin), continuous activity and light monitoring, self-registration of food intake, sleep timings, exercise and exposure to screens, alongside with systematic application of cognitive performance tests (e.g., memory, reasoning, calculation, attention) and self-reported well-being. This comprehensive and interdisciplinary protocol should support evidence-based education policy measures related to school time organisation. Appropriate and healthier school timetables will contribute to social change, healthier students and with more efficient learning. The results of studies using a similar methodology in other countries would ensure replication and comparability of results and contribute to knowledge to support policy making
EvaluaciĂłn a los dos meses del alta hospitalaria tras la primera ola de COVID-19: presencia de sĂntomas persistentes
Introduction: a series of symptoms have been reported after COVID-19,
which have been encompassed in the so-named “postCOVID syndrome”.
PostCOVID syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder with an uncertain
pathophysiology. The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics
and frequence of symptoms after COVID-19 discharge and to analyze the
possible implicated factors.
Methods: this is an observational propective study with COVID-19 patients
hospitalized from March to April 2020. Patients were assessed in an outpatient
clinic two months after discharge, and serological, radiological and
laboratory workup was conducted. Previous medical history, length of stay
(LOS) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were recorded. Persistent
symptons (PS) were defined as those appearing after the acute infection
and present at follow-up.
Results: 74 patients were included. Mean age was 66±13 years, and
54.4% patients were men. Six (8.1%) patients needed ICU admission,
and median LOS was 8 (6-12) days. Forty (54.8%) patients presented
PS, the most frequent being fatigue and dyspnea (20.3% each). 77%
patients presented laboratory abnormalities but just in 11 cases (15.1%)
were they severe. Ten (13.5%) had radiological abnormalities. 71 (95.9%)
had positive IgG serology. There were no differences between patients
with and without PS regarding previous medical history or acute infection
course. PS patients had a higher heart rate 83 (75-93) vs 76 65-85) bpm;
p=0.038) at assessment.
Conclusion: symptoms and laboratory abnormalities are frequent two months
after COVID-19, although usually mild. No predictors were found for the
presence of PS, but larger studies are needed to ascertain this aseverationIntroducciĂłn: se han notificado tras el alta por COVID-19 una serie de
sĂntomas englobados dentro del llamado “sĂndrome post-COVID”, un cuadro
heterogĂ©neo cuya fisiopatologĂa es incierta. Nuestro objetivo es describir las
caracterĂsticas y frecuencia de sĂntomas tras el alta y analizar los posibles
factores relacionados.
MĂ©todos: estudio observacional prospectivo con pacientes ingresados por
COVID-19 durante marzo-abril de 2020. Se evaluĂł en consulta a los dos
meses tras el alta con valoraciĂłn clĂnica, analĂtica, serologĂa y radiografĂa
de tĂłrax. Se recogieron los antecedentes, la estancia hospitalaria y la necesidad
de UCI. Se definieron sĂntomas persistentes (SP) como sĂntomas que
aparecieron desde la infecciĂłn aguda y que se mantenĂan al seguimiento.
Resultados: se revisaron 74 pacientes. La edad media fue 66±13 años,
siendo un 51,4% hombres. Seis (8,1%) ingresaron en UCI, y la mediana
de estancia fue 8 (6-12) dĂas. Cuarenta (54,8%) presentaron SP, siendo
los más frecuentes astenia y disnea (20,3% ambos). Un 77% tenĂa alteraciones
analĂticas pero solo en 11 (15,1%) fueron relevantes. Diez (13,5%)
presentaban alteraciones radiolĂłgicas y 71 (95,9%) tenĂan IgG positiva.
No hubo diferencias entre los pacientes con y sin SP en sus antecedentes
o evolución hospitalaria. Los pacientes con SP estaban más taquicárdicos
[83 (75-93) lpm vs 76 (65-85) lpm; p=0,038], no existiendo diferencias
significativas en el resto de variables.
ConclusiĂłn: al seguimiento tras la COVID-19 es frecuente la presencia de
sĂntomas o alteraciones analĂticas, aunque no suelen traducir gravedad.
No encontramos variables que predijeran la presencia de los mismos, pero
serĂa interesante analizar cohortes más amplia
Severe manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents: from COVID-19 pneumonia to multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a multicentre study in pediatric intensive care units in Spain
Background
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C) has been described as a novel and often severe presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. We aimed to describe the characteristics of children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) presenting with MIS-C in comparison with those admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection with other features such as COVID-19 pneumonia.
Methods
A multicentric prospective national registry including 47 PICUs was carried out. Data from children admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or fulfilling MIS-C criteria (with or without SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmation) were collected. Clinical, laboratory and therapeutic features between MIS-C and non-MIS-C patients were compared.
Results
Seventy-four children were recruited. Sixty-one percent met MIS-C definition. MIS-C patients were older than non-MIS-C patients (p = 0.002): 9.4 years (IQR 5.5–11.8) vs 3.4 years (IQR 0.4–9.4). A higher proportion of them had no previous medical history of interest (88.2% vs 51.7%, p = 0.005). Non-MIS-C patients presented more frequently with respiratory distress (60.7% vs 13.3%, p < 0.001). MIS-C patients showed higher prevalence of fever (95.6% vs 64.3%, p < 0.001), diarrhea (66.7% vs 11.5%, p < 0.001), vomits (71.1% vs 23.1%, p = 0.001), fatigue (65.9% vs 36%, p = 0.016), shock (84.4% vs 13.8%, p < 0.001) and cardiac dysfunction (53.3% vs 10.3%, p = 0.001). MIS-C group had a lower lymphocyte count (p < 0.001) and LDH (p = 0.001) but higher neutrophil count (p = 0.045), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) and procalcitonin (p < 0.001). Patients in the MIS-C group were less likely to receive invasive ventilation (13.3% vs 41.4%, p = 0.005) but were more often treated with vasoactive drugs (66.7% vs 24.1%, p < 0.001), corticosteroids (80% vs 44.8%, p = 0.003) and immunoglobulins (51.1% vs 6.9%, p < 0.001). Most patients were discharged from PICU by the end of data collection with a median length of stay of 5 days (IQR 2.5–8 days) in the MIS-C group. Three patients died, none of them belonged to the MIS-C group.
Conclusions
MIS-C seems to be the most frequent presentation among critically ill children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. MIS-C patients are older and usually healthy. They show a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and shock and are more likely to receive vasoactive drugs and immunomodulators and less likely to need mechanical ventilation than non-MIS-C patients