Discrimination of milks with a multisensor system based on layer-by-layer films

Producción CientíficaA nanostructured electrochemical bi-sensor system for the analysis of milks has been developed using the layer-by-layer technique. The non-enzymatic sensor [CHI+IL/CuPcS]2, is a layered material containing a negative film of the anionic sulfonated copper phthalocyanine (CuPcS) acting as electrocatalytic material, and a cationic layer containing a mixture of an ionic liquid (IL) (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) that enhances the conductivity, and chitosan (CHI), that facilitates the enzyme immobilization. The biosensor ([CHI+IL/CuPcS]2-GAO) results from the immobilization of galactose oxidase on the top of the LbL layers. FTIR, UV–vis, and AFM have confirmed the proposed structure and cyclic voltammetry has demonstrated the amplification caused by the combination of materials in the film. Sensors have been combined to form an electronic tongue for milk analysis. Principal component analysis has revealed the ability of the sensor system to discriminate between milk samples with different lactose content. Using a PLS-1 calibration models, correlations have been found between the voltammetric signals and chemical parameters measured by classical methods. PLS-1 models provide excellent correlations with lactose content. Additional information about other components, such as fats, proteins, and acidity, can also be obtained. The method developed is simple, and the short response time permits its use in assaying milk samples online.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project AGL2015-67482-R)Junta de Castilla y Leon - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project VA-011U16)Junta de Castilla y León (grant BOCYL-D-4112015-9

El fado vadío.

Sin resume

The Tropical Myth and Brazilian Textile Design

In 1930, the populist Vargas government embarked on a program of rapid industrialization and became responsible for the development and progress of the nation. Traditionally, the national textile industry had been associated with slaves and the poor and the wealthier classes despised Brazilian textile goods which they regarded as common and preferred imported goods instead. In modernizing the industrial sector, and diversifying production, the government and industry felt compelled to change people’s ideas about national products and in this way sought to stimulate the growth of internal consumption and encourage the nation to have a positive image of itself. To achieve this, national textiles had to be associated with a Brazilian aesthetic ideal and thus be clearly distinguished from any comparable foreign products. In this situation, certain patterns were chosen as genuinely nationalistic by embodying an iconographic repertoire drawn from the tropical environment, and based on the arts. In this way, ®Brazilian fabrics® took on simple forms and striking colors and recaptured features of tropical flora and fauna which made it exotic. However, it also spread the false idea that these creations were devoid of any foreign influences. This study seeks to show that there is nothing genuine in these representations and that they only reflect the illusions of populist political speeches. Although it is recognized that there is a need for a standard image, such as that of the tropical myth which could identify the people with unspoiled nature despite of the widely varying economic condition of the people

Embryo Manipulation Techniques in the Rabbit

Rabbits are both productive and classic laboratory animals. Some particularities of female reproductive physiology make the rabbit an extraordinary model for the study of embryology and assisted reproductive techniques. For instance, as the ovulation is induced, the embryo development can be known with accuracy. Embryos are surrounded by a mucin coat which is crucial to prevent embryo mortality. Besides, the anatomy of the uterus does not allow embryo transmigration between both uterine horns, and so it is possible to test different reproductive techniques. Knowledge on early embryo development, and on influencing factors, has allowed to develop new insights into embryo manipulation, such as recovery, transfer, cryopreservation, in vitro fertilisation, cloning, or transgenesis. Also the rabbit may be used as a model for human reproductive health, because rabbit embryo and feto-placental development are similar to the human. This chapter reviews the aspects of the reproductive physiology in the female rabbit and discusses some embryo manipulation techniques available in the species

Ressenyes

Index de les obres ressenyades: D. HARVEY, Consciousness and the urban experience : studies in the history and theory of capitalist urbanization. D. HARVEY, The urbanization of capita : studies in the history and theory of capitalist urbanizatio

A propósito de The Limits to Capital de David Harvey

Le dernier travail de David Harvey a été publié en été 1982. Comme l'auteur lui-même l'a fait remarquer, son objectif était, pour l'essentiel, d'écrire une téorie de l'urbanisation sous le capitalisme qui prendrait appui sur l'expérience historique du Royaume Uni, de la France et des Etats Units. Or, au curs de la recherche, certains "vides" téoriques qu'il ne comptait traiter qu'au passage -la circulation du capitel dans les milieux construits, le rôle du système de crédit et les mécanismes qui médiatisent la production des configurations espatiales (la rente, par exemple)- ont demandé un analyse approfondie à cause de la nature relationnelle de la méthode marxiste. The Limits to Capital est une analyse théorique qui veut fournir un schéma interprétatif général qui puisse encadrer les faits historiques, tout en admettant des modifications a partir des faits eux-mêmes. Le livre expose, au debut, les conceptes de base du marxisme, pour en élargir plus tard la portée en les appliquant à des contextes différents. Les premiers sept chapitres synthétisent et interprètent la théorie de Karl Marx, alors que du huitième au trezième chapitre on y developpe les "vides" laissés dans celle-ci; il s'agit là de la principale contribution de Harvey. On trouvera un intérêt particulier à ses apports sur la circulation espatiale du capital et du travail: son rôle dans la reproduction de l'inégalité géographique du développement, les contradictions qui se présentent et leurs aspectes territoriaux, ainsi que les implications de tout cela dans l'apparition des crises et l'incidence différente que elles auront dans l'espace.This, the latest work of David Harvey's was published in the summer of 1982. As the authour himself points out, his principal objective was to define a theory of urban development under the capitalist system, based on the historical experiences of the United Kingdom, France and the United States. However, in the course of investigation, certain theoretical ccgapw which he intended to treat superficially -the circulation of capital in the built environment, the role of the credit system and the mechanisms which mediatize the production of spatial configuration (such as land rent)- required more profound analysis due to the comparative characteristics of Marxist methodology. The limits to Capital is a theoretical analysis which aims to provide a general interpretative framework in order to facilitate the comprehension of historical facts, whilst permitting the modification of this framework by such facts. The book begins by summarizing the basic concepts of Marxism, and goes on to clarify their meaning by applying them in different contexts. The first seven chapters resume and interpret K. Marx's theory. Chapters eight to thirteen concentrate on some of the ccgaps,, in the formulation of Marx's theory, and represent Harvey's major contribution. The section dedicated to the spatial circulation of capital and labour are particulary interesting, pinpointing their reproductive role in geographically unequal development, their contradictions, and the spatial distribution which such contradictions adopt, as well as the resulting implications in the formation of crisis situations and their spatially differentiating effects

La remodelación del centro comercial de Santa Cruz de Tenerife a mediados del siglo XX (1957-65): gobierno municipal, propietarios y comerciantes

El artículo analiza la intervención del gobierno municipal de Santa Cruz de Tenerife, en las décadas de 1950 y 1960, en la remodelación de un sector del centro comercial, mediante una propuesta de Reforma Interior, y las reacciones de los distintos agentes urbanos afectados. La reforma, ejecutada en unas calles de elevada valoración y residencia de familias muy prósperas, originó un gran aumento de la volumetría acompañado por una revalorización inmobiliaria, expulsó a los arrendatarios modestos, y propició una reestructuración del comercio, unida a la incorporación de nuevos grupos sociales en la zo

Propuesta de una nueva herramienta metodológica para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Cultura Clásica

En la actualidad estamos viviendo un tiempo de crisis, no solo económica, sino también de valores. Esto afecta de forma notable al estudio de las humanidades, en general, y de las clásicas, en particular, por lo que se hace más necesaria que nunca la innovación didáctica para anular la corriente social y política que infravalora y menosprecia nuestros estudios. En este trabajo se presenta una nueva herramienta didáctica para el conocimiento de la cultura clásica en Catalunya, utilizando el entorno más próximo, como es el mundo del vino catalán que haga alusión a la cultura grecorromana. Con ello se pretende crear un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje significativo, útil y atractivo