O caminho da China rumo ao centro político-econômico global e a transição energética (2013-2020) : uma análise pela perspectiva dos ciclos sistêmicos de acumulação

A presente dissertação busca compreender de que forma o caminho da China rumo ao centro político-econômico global tem sido impactado pela questão da transição energética no período de 2013-2020, e as políticas públicas que tem sido elaboradas para atingir essa finalidade. O objetivo geral é entender como a transição energética impacta na posição da China dentro do modelo de ciclos sistêmicos de acumulação proposto por Arrighi (1996; 2008). Tendo como hipótese que o sistema internacional possui natureza cíclica que se alterna em diferentes ciclos, devido às evoluções tecnológicas e energéticas, sendo a liderança de cada período obtida por aqueles que detém o controle dessas duas condicionantes – energia e tecnologia. Para isto, busca-se a partir do método histórico-exploratório, fazer uma análise do processo de desenvolvimento, evolução e projeção da questão da energia e da transição energética na China. Em um primeiro momento, dedica-se a entender a natureza do sistema internacional e seu funcionamento através da teoria do sistema-mundo e dos ciclos sistêmicos de acumulação pela visão de Arrighi (1996; 2008), bem como o ressurgimento econômico da China se encaixa nesta perspectiva. A partir disso, procura-se analisar o impacto da energia como recurso de poder para Economia Política Internacional (EPI), e como os Estados se utilizam desse recurso para atingir o seu interesse nacional. Para então, em um segundo momento, descobrir como a energia se relaciona com a ascensão político-econômica da China. Nesta parte, uma análise da evolução tanto da formação do sistema político econômico chinês ao estudar o papel da influência confucionista nesse processo, quanto do desenvolvimento do setor de energia da China desde a fundação da RPC em 1949 até 2012 é realizada. Essa investigação é conduzida através da recuperação de fatos históricos importantes e a condução da análise documental com base em documentos oficiais do governo chinês. Já num terceiro momento, investiga-se qual o posicionamento político-econômico chinês contemporâneo (2013-2020) por meio de uma revisão de literatura de acadêmicos chineses especialistas em economia política e segurança energética da China. Assim como se analisa o caso dos projetos de infraestrutura Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Made in China 2025 (MIC 2025) e Global Energy Interconnection (GEI), e das novas tecnologias energéticas chinesas (UHV grid, smart grid e veículos de nova energia), que tem operado na última década no âmbito doméstico e internacional, a partir de uma perspectiva voltada para o fomento da sustentabilidade e da informatização rumo à transição energética. O objetivo é compreender em que medida a consolidação desses projetos e novas tecnologias energéticas limpas impactam o posicionamento internacional chinês.The present dissertation aims to understand how China's path towards the global politicaleconomic core has been influenced by the issue of energy transition in the country’s 2013-2020 period, and the public policies that have been developed in this direction to achieve these goals. The general objective is to understand how the energy transition impacts China's position within the model of systemic cycles of accumulation proposed by Arrighi (1996; 2008). Assuming that the international system has a cyclical nature that alternates in different cycles, due to technological and energy developments, and the leadership of each era is obtained by those who have control over these two conditions - energy and technology. For this, it is sought from the historical-exploratory method, to make an analysis of the process of development, evolution and projection of the energy issue and the energy transition in China. At first, it is dedicated to understanding the nature of the international system and its functioning through the worldsystem theory and the systemic cycles of accumulation through Arrighi´s (1996; 2008) perspective, as well as how does the economic resurgence of China fits in this issue. From this, it aims to analyze the impact of energy as a power resource for International Political Economy (IPE), and how States use this resource to achieve their national interest. Then, in a second moment, to discover how energy relates to China's political-economic rise. In this part, an analysis of the evolution of both the formation of the Chinese economic political system by studying the role of Confucian influence in this process, and the development of China's energy sector since the foundation of the PRC in 1949 to 2012 is carried out. This investigation is conducted by retrieving important historical facts and conducting documentary analysis based on official Chinese government documents. In a third moment, the contemporary Chinese political-economic position (2013-2020) is investigated through a literature review of Chinese academic specialists in political economy and energy security in China. As well as the case of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Made in China 2025 (MIC 2025) and Global Energy Interconnection (GEI) infrastructure projects, and the new Chinese energy technologies (UHV grid, smart grid and new energy vehicles), which has operated in the last decade in the domestic and international scope, from a perspective focused on the promotion of sustainability and computerization towards the energy transition. The goal is to understand to what extent the consolidation of these projects and new clean energy technologies impact Chinese international positioning

A transição energética e a ascensão político-econômica da China no século XXI

A China se tornou a segunda maior economia do mundo e o maior consumidor global de energia graças ao seu crescimento econômico impulsionado pela industrialização após as reformas de 1978. Neste sentido, a pergunta de pesquisa deste artigo é: como a transição energética chinesa tem impactado a ascensão do país ao centro político-econômico global? Objetiva-se, discutir ao longo do texto, a influência das condições estruturais, conjunturais e do desenvolvimento energético no crescimento da China e analisar a movimentação chinesa em direção à transição energética. Para atingir esta finalidade, utilizar-se-á o método histórico-exploratório, revisão bibliográfica e análise documental e tem como base a teoria dos Ciclos Sistêmicos de Acumulação de Arrighi (1996). Conclui-se, neste artigo, que a China está buscando mudar o seu sistema energético vigente para garantir a sustentabilidade do seu desenvolvimento e manter sua projeção internacional liderando esse importante processo e que esta consolidação do interesse nacional chinês se dará no longo prazo

A transição energética e a ascensão político-econômica da China no século XXI: uma análise através da teoria dos ciclos sistêmicos de acumulação

China became the second largest economy in the world and the largest global consumer of energy thanks to its economic growth driven by industrialization after the 1978 reforms. In this sense, the research question of this article is: how the Chinese energy transition has impacted the rise from the country to the global political-economic center? The aim is to discuss, throughout the article, the influence of structural, conjunctural conditions and energy development on China's growth and to analyze the Chinese movement towards energy transition. To achieve this purpose, the historical-exploratory method, bibliographic review, and document analysis procedures will be used, as well as the theory of Systemic Cycles of Accumulation by Arrighi (1996). It is concluded, in this article, that China is seeking to change its current energy system to ensure the sustainability of its development and maintain its international projection by leading this important process.A China se tornou a segunda maior economia do mundo e o maior consumidor global de energia graças ao seu crescimento econômico impulsionado pela industrialização após as reformas de 1978. Neste sentido, a pergunta de pesquisa deste artigo é: como a transição energética chinesa tem impactado a ascensão do país ao centro político-econômico global? Objetiva-se, discutir ao longo do texto, a influência das condições estruturais, conjunturais e do desenvolvimento energético no crescimento da China e analisar a movimentação chinesa em direção à transição energética. Para atingir esta finalidade, utilizar-se-á o método histórico-exploratório, revisão bibliográfica e análise documental e tem como base a teoria dos Ciclos Sistêmicos de Acumulação de Arrighi (1996). Conclui-se, neste artigo, que a China está buscando mudar o seu sistema energético vigente para garantir a sustentabilidade do seu desenvolvimento e manter sua projeção internacional liderando esse importante processo e que esta consolidação do interesse nacional chinês se dará no longo prazo

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

A transição energética e a ascensão político-econômica da China no século XXI: uma análise através da teoria dos ciclos sistêmicos de acumulação

China became the second largest economy in the world and the largest global consumer of energy thanks to its economic growth driven by industrialization after the 1978 reforms. In this sense, the research question of this article is: how the Chinese energy transition has impacted the rise from the country to the global political-economic center? The aim is to discuss, throughout the article, the influence of structural, conjunctural conditions and energy development on China's growth and to analyze the Chinese movement towards energy transition. To achieve this purpose, the historical-exploratory method, bibliographic review, and document analysis procedures will be used, as well as the theory of Systemic Cycles of Accumulation by Arrighi (1996). It is concluded, in this article, that China is seeking to change its current energy system to ensure the sustainability of its development and maintain its international projection by leading this important process.A China se tornou a segunda maior economia do mundo e o maior consumidor global de energia graças ao seu crescimento econômico impulsionado pela industrialização após as reformas de 1978. Neste sentido, a pergunta de pesquisa deste artigo é: como a transição energética chinesa tem impactado a ascensão do país ao centro político-econômico global? Objetiva-se, discutir ao longo do texto, a influência das condições estruturais, conjunturais e do desenvolvimento energético no crescimento da China e analisar a movimentação chinesa em direção à transição energética. Para atingir esta finalidade, utilizar-se-á o método histórico-exploratório, revisão bibliográfica e análise documental e tem como base a teoria dos Ciclos Sistêmicos de Acumulação de Arrighi (1996). Conclui-se, neste artigo, que a China está buscando mudar o seu sistema energético vigente para garantir a sustentabilidade do seu desenvolvimento e manter sua projeção internacional liderando esse importante processo e que esta consolidação do interesse nacional chinês se dará no longo prazo

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Seminário de Dissertação (2024)

Página da disciplina de Seminário de Dissertação (MPPP, UFPE, 2022) Lista de participantes == https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mrULe1y04yPxHUBaF50jhaM1OY8QYJ3zva4N4yvm198/edit#gid=

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora