Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ‘‘Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Altimetry for the future: building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Prise en charge par époprosténol d'un patient souffrant d'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire

L'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) est une maladie rare caractérisée par l'augmentation progressive des résistances artérielles pulmonaires, aboutissant à une insuffisance cardiaque droite et au décès en l'absence de traitement. Malgré les innovations thérapeutiques qui ont permis des progrès majeurs en termes de prise en charge, il n'existe toujours pas de traitement curatif. L'utilisation de l'époprosténol, traitement spécifique de l'HTAP, nécessite la mise en place d'un cathéter veineux central et l'implication totale du patient. Pour cela la prise en charge de la maladie est multidisciplinaire, continue et nécessite une coopération étroite entre le patient et les différents professionnels de santé impliqués. En effet, dans cette maladie, le patient joue un rôle prépondérant dans le déroulement de la thérapeutique. Le bon déroulement du traitement est étroitement lié à sa bonne volonté de suivre rigoureusement les enseignements qui lui auront été appris pendant l'éducation thérapeutique.Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by the progressive increase in pulmonary arterial resistance, leading to right heart failure and death in the absence of treatment. Despite therapeutic innovations that have led to major progress in terms of management, there is still no cure. The use of epoprostenol, specific PAH treatment, requires the establishment of a central venous catheter and the full involvement of the patient. For this, the management of the disease is multidisciplinary, continuous and requires close cooperation between the patient and the various health professionals involved. Indeed, in this disease, the patient plays an important role in the development of therapeutics. The proper course of treatment is closely linked to its willingness to strictly follow the teachings that will have been learned during therapeutic education.RENNES1-BU Santé (352382103) / SudocLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Annonce, par M. Frochot, de la suppression du rapport des comités de Constitution et de judicature sur les offices de notaires, lors de la séance du 15 septembre 1791

Frochot Nicolas Thérèse Benoît, Gaultier de Biauzat Jean-François, Dellay-d'Agier ou Delay Claude Pierre de. Annonce, par M. Frochot, de la suppression du rapport des comités de Constitution et de judicature sur les offices de notaires, lors de la séance du 15 septembre 1791. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XXX - Du 28 août au 17 septembre 1791. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1888. p. 680

Annonce, par M. Frochot, de la suppression du rapport des comités de Constitution et de judicature sur les offices de notaires, lors de la séance du 15 septembre 1791

Frochot Nicolas Thérèse Benoît, Gaultier de Biauzat Jean-François, Dellay-d'Agier ou Delay Claude Pierre de. Annonce, par M. Frochot, de la suppression du rapport des comités de Constitution et de judicature sur les offices de notaires, lors de la séance du 15 septembre 1791. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XXX - Du 28 août au 17 septembre 1791. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1888. p. 680

Discussion sur l'ordre du jour, lors de la séance de 5 octobre 1790

Emmery de Grozyeulx Jean-Louis, Macaye Pierre-Nicolas de Haraneder, vicomte de, Gaultier de Biauzat Jean-François. Discussion sur l'ordre du jour, lors de la séance de 5 octobre 1790. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XIX - Du 16 septembre au 23 octobre 1790. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1884. p. 445

Overcrowding in the Dispatching Centre During the COVID-19 Crisis: Are Medical Students a Resource?

International audienceINTRODUCTION: In February, the emergence of COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID - 19) in France made it necessary to rapidly adapt emergency and SAMU services in order to take care of many infected patients. To respond to the increase in the number of calls in the dispatch centers, reinforcements were necessary on the fronts of the Medical Regulation Assistants (ARM). The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of medical students’ responses to first calls exclusively concerning COVID-19. METHODS: This prospective, observational cohort study was carried out at the University Hospital Centre (CHU) in Angers. Twenty medical students mostly in the 5th year were voluntarily enrolled in the first line COVID-19 call taker team. Calls on the 1st, 3(rd), and 5th starting day for each medical student, and randomly selected calls from the experienced first-line call taker were listened to by a medical expert to assess the adequate level of prioritization and orientation (emergency physician or general practitioner). The percentage of agreement between the expert, students, and experienced first-line call handlers were assessed. All participants gave their free consent to participate. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Angers (N° 2020-48). RESULTS: From March 18 to April 23, 2020, 302 calls from medical students (n = 20 students) and 40 calls from experienced first-line call handlers were analyzed. The average prioritization agreement rate between the expert and students was 76.16% (95% Confidence Interval: 71.04 to 80.62%) (n = 230/302) compared to 87.50% (95% CI: 73.9 to 94.5%) (n = 45/50) for the experienced first-line call handlers (P = 0.15). Medical students took more time per call with an absolute difference of 2 minutes 16 seconds (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The lessons to be observed from this COVID-19 crisis are that in the early days of increasing calls heralding a strain on the healthcare system, support by medical students must be considered

Discussion sur l'ordre du jour, lors de la séance de 5 octobre 1790

Emmery de Grozyeulx Jean-Louis, Macaye Pierre Nicolas de Haraneder, vicomte de, Gaultier de Biauzat Jean-François. Discussion sur l'ordre du jour, lors de la séance de 5 octobre 1790. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XIX - Du 16 septembre au 23 octobre 1790. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1884. p. 445

Proposition de M. Lebrun de délibérer sur le projet de décret sur le pont et les chaussées, lors de la séance du 27 juillet 1791

Lebrun Charles François, Gaultier de Biauzat Jean-François, Démeunier Jean Nicolas, Prieur de la Marne Pierre Louis. Proposition de M. Lebrun de délibérer sur le projet de décret sur le pont et les chaussées, lors de la séance du 27 juillet 1791. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XXVIII - Du 6 juillet au 28 juillet 1791. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1887. p. 698

Proposition de M. Lebrun de délibérer sur le projet de décret sur le pont et les chaussées, lors de la séance du 27 juillet 1791

Lebrun Charles François, Gaultier de Biauzat Jean-François, Démeunier Jean Nicolas, Prieur de la Marne Pierre Louis. Proposition de M. Lebrun de délibérer sur le projet de décret sur le pont et les chaussées, lors de la séance du 27 juillet 1791. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XXVIII - Du 6 juillet au 28 juillet 1791. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1887. p. 698