The secretome from bovine mammosphere-derived cells (MDC) promotes angiogenesis, epithelial cell migration, and contains factors associated with defense and immunity

Treatment of bovine mastitis with intramammary antibiotics is common, yet several concerns exist including failed efficacy for individual hosts or pathogens and the inability of approved drugs to revert mastitis-induced tissue damage to healthy tissue capable of returning to full milk production. These issues, in addition to aspects of public health such as accidental antibiotic residues in saleable milk and the potential for antimicrobial resistance, support the need to find alternative therapies for this costly disease. This study shows that the secretome, or collective factors, produced by mammosphere-derived cells (MDC) promotes angiogenesis, epithelial cell migration, and contains proteins associated with immunity and defense; all of which are necessary for healing damaged mammary gland tissue. Furthermore, we found that the MDC secretome remains effective after freezing and thawing, enhancing its therapeutic potential. Our results provide a foundation for further characterization of the individual secreted factors and the rationale for using the MDC secretome as a complementary treatment for bovine mastitis

Ab initio atomistic thermodynamics and statistical mechanics of surface properties and functions

Previous and present "academic" research aiming at atomic scale understanding is mainly concerned with the study of individual molecular processes possibly underlying materials science applications. Appealing properties of an individual process are then frequently discussed in terms of their direct importance for the envisioned material function, or reciprocally, the function of materials is somehow believed to be understandable by essentially one prominent elementary process only. What is often overlooked in this approach is that in macroscopic systems of technological relevance typically a large number of distinct atomic scale processes take place. Which of them are decisive for observable system properties and functions is then not only determined by the detailed individual properties of each process alone, but in many, if not most cases also the interplay of all processes, i.e. how they act together, plays a crucial role. For a "predictive materials science modeling with microscopic understanding", a description that treats the statistical interplay of a large number of microscopically well-described elementary processes must therefore be applied. Modern electronic structure theory methods such as DFT have become a standard tool for the accurate description of individual molecular processes. Here, we discuss the present status of emerging methodologies which attempt to achieve a (hopefully seamless) match of DFT with concepts from statistical mechanics or thermodynamics, in order to also address the interplay of the various molecular processes. The new quality of, and the novel insights that can be gained by, such techniques is illustrated by how they allow the description of crystal surfaces in contact with realistic gas-phase environments.Comment: 24 pages including 17 figures, related publications can be found at http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/th/paper.htm

Open data from the third observing run of LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO

The global network of gravitational-wave observatories now includes five detectors, namely LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, Virgo, KAGRA, and GEO 600. These detectors collected data during their third observing run, O3, composed of three phases: O3a starting in 2019 April and lasting six months, O3b starting in 2019 November and lasting five months, and O3GK starting in 2020 April and lasting two weeks. In this paper we describe these data and various other science products that can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at https://gwosc.org. The main data set, consisting of the gravitational-wave strain time series that contains the astrophysical signals, is released together with supporting data useful for their analysis and documentation, tutorials, as well as analysis software packages

Purification and expansion of stem cells from equine peripheral blood, with clinical applications

Equine peripheral blood (ePB) can be used as a source of stem cells (SCs) in horses, both for research and for practical purposes. A relatively low volume of ePB is sufficient for the purification and expansion of the SCs. The identification of the SCs is performed by demonstrating the presence (CD34, CD90, CD105 and CD117) or absence (CD14) of specific markers on the cell surface by means of fluorescent staining, followed by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) for sorting out the desired population of SCs. The entire process of SC isolation and enrichment from ePB typically takes three days, after which the enriched SC sample can be sent back to the patient for clinical application. The two most common clinical applications of SCs from ePB will be demonstrated with two field cases. The first case presents a lesion of the body of the suspensory ligament in a 13-year-old warmblood mare and the second case describes a bacterial ulcerative keratitis in a 20-yearold warmblood gelding

Purification and expansion of stem cells from equine peripheral blood, with clinical applications

Equine peripheral blood (ePB) can be used as a source of stem cells (SCs) in horses, both for research and for practical purposes. A relatively low volume of ePB is sufficient for the purification and expansion of the SCs. The identification of the SCs is performed by demonstrating the presence (CD34, CD90, CD105 and CD117) or absence (CD14) of specific markers on the cell surface by means of fluorescent staining, followed by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) for sorting out the desired population of SCs. The entire process of SC isolation and enrichment from ePB typically takes three days, after which the enriched SC sample can be sent back to the patient for clinical application. The two most common clinical applications of SCs from ePB will be demonstrated with two field cases. The first case presents a lesion of the body of the suspensory ligament in a 13-year-old warmblood mare and the second case describes a bacterial ulcerative keratitis in a 20-yearold warmblood gelding

Differences in replication kinetics and cell tropism between neurovirulent and non-neurovirulent EHV1 strains during the acute phase of infection in horses

International audienceEquine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) replicates in the respiratory tract of horses, after which infected leukocytes transport virus throughout the body, resulting in abortion or nervous system disorders. Two EHV1 strains circulate in the field: neurovirulent and non-neurovirulent. To investigate differences in replication in the upper respiratory tract (URT), an experimental inoculation study in ponies was performed with both strains. Two groups of six ponies, were inoculated intranasally with 10 TCID of either strain. Clinical signs, nasal shedding and viremia were evaluated. At early time points post inoculation (pi), one pony of each group was euthanized. Tnoculation with either strain resulted in nasal shedding and replication in several tissues of the URT. Both strains replicated in a plaquewise manner in epithelium of the nasal mucosa, but replication in epithelium of the nasopharynx was largely limited to non-neurovirulent EHV1. Plaques were never able to cross the basement membrane, but individual infected cells were noticed in the connective tissue of all examined tissues for both strains. The total number of these cells however, was 3-7 times lower with non-neurovirulent EHV1 compared to neurovirulent EHV1. CD172a cells and CD5+ lymphocytes were important target cells for both strains. Interestingly, in lymph nodes, B-lymphocytes were also important target cells for EHV1, irrespective of the strain. Viremia was detected very early pi and infected cells were mainly CD172a for both strains. In summary, these results are valuable for understanding EHV1 pathogenesis at the port of entry, the URT