645 research outputs found
Relationship of Alexithymia Ratings to Dopamine D2-type Receptors in Anterior Cingulate and Insula of Healthy Control Subjects but Not Methamphetamine-Dependent Individuals.
BackgroundIndividuals with substance-use disorders exhibit emotional problems, including deficits in emotion recognition and processing, and this class of disorders also has been linked to deficits in dopaminergic markers in the brain. Because associations between these phenomena have not been explored, we compared a group of recently abstinent methamphetamine-dependent individuals (n=23) with a healthy-control group (n=17) on dopamine D2-type receptor availability, measured using positron emission tomography with [(18)F]fallypride.MethodsThe anterior cingulate and anterior insular cortices were selected as the brain regions of interest, because they receive dopaminergic innervation and are thought to be involved in emotion awareness and processing. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale, which includes items that assess difficulty in identifying and describing feelings as well as externally oriented thinking, was administered, and the scores were tested for association with D2-type receptor availability.ResultsRelative to controls, methamphetamine-dependent individuals showed higher alexithymia scores, reporting difficulty in identifying feelings. The groups did not differ in D2-type receptor availability in the anterior cingulate or anterior insular cortices, but a significant interaction between group and D2-type receptor availability in both regions, on self-report score, reflected significant positive correlations in the control group (higher receptor availability linked to higher alexithymia) but nonsignificant, negative correlations (lower receptor availability linked to higher alexithymia) in methamphetamine-dependent subjects.ConclusionsThe results suggest that neurotransmission through D2-type receptors in the anterior cingulate and anterior insular cortices influences capacity of emotion processing in healthy people but that this association is absent in individuals with methamphetamine dependence
EL YACIMIENTO PREHISTÓRICO DEL "CORTIJO DE AMELIA'' (LA CAROLINA, JAÉN)
El "Cortijo de Amelia", se encuentra a una altitud de 520 m. sobre el nivel del mar en Alicante, orientado ligeramente hacia el S. O., en la confluencia de los barrancos de "LaFuente" y "Matalansia".El material geológico de esta zona está formado por estratos miócenicos y triásicos y el análisis del suelo arroja una fuerte concentración de SiO2 y de CaO.En lo que se refiere a las características meramente arqueólogicas, hay que decir que en superficie no se observan restos de cerámica ni de ningún otro elemento que evidencie la existencia de un yacimiento. El descubrimiento de los materiales que aquí estudiamos es, como veremos, debido a un hecho casual
Phase diagram of heavy fermion systems
The Meccano of heavy fermion systems is shown on different cases going from
anomalous monochalcogenides to cerium intermetallic compounds with special
focus on the ideal case of the CeRu2Si2 series. Discussion is made in the frame
of the interplay between valence, electronic structure (Fermi surface), and
magnetism. The nice tools given by the temperature, the pressure, and the
magnetic field allow to explore different ground states as well as the slow
downhill ''race'' before reaching a Fermi liquid finish line at very low
temperature. Experimentally, the Gr"uneisen parameter i.e. the ratio of the
thermal expansion by the specific heat is a coloured magic number; its
temperature, pressure, and magnetic field dependence is a deep disclosure of
competing hierarchies and the conversion of this adaptive matter to external
responses.Comment: submitted ICM200
High-pressure transport properties of CeRu_2Ge_2
The pressure-induced changes in the temperature-dependent thermopower S(T)
and electrical resistivity \rho(T) of CeRu_2Ge_2 are described within the
single-site Anderson model. The Ce-ions are treated as impurities and the
coherent scattering on different Ce-sites is neglected. Changing the
hybridisation \Gamma between the 4f-states and the conduction band accounts for
the pressure effect. The transport coefficients are calculated in the
non-crossing approximation above the phase boundary line. The theoretical S(T)
and \rho(T) curves show many features of the experimental data. The seemingly
complicated temperature dependence of S(T) and \rho(T), and their evolution as
a function of pressure, is related to the crossovers between various fixed
points of the model.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
Probing the phase diagram of CeRu_2Ge_2 by thermopower at high pressure
The temperature dependence of the thermoelectric power, S(T), and the
electrical resistivity of the magnetically ordered CeRu_2Ge_2 (T_N=8.55 K and
T_C=7.40 K) were measured for pressures p < 16 GPa in the temperature range 1.2
K < T < 300 K. Long-range magnetic order is suppressed at a p_c of
approximately 6.4 GPa. Pressure drives S(T) through a sequence of temperature
dependences, ranging from a behaviour characteristic for magnetically ordered
heavy fermion compounds to a typical behaviour of intermediate-valent systems.
At intermediate pressures a large positive maximum develops above 10 K in S(T).
Its origin is attributed to the Kondo effect and its position is assumed to
reflect the Kondo temperature T_K. The pressure dependence of T_K is discussed
in a revised and extended (T,p) phase diagram of CeRu_2Ge_2.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Patterns in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in men : a questionnaire-based survey in Central and Eastern European countries
Carboxylation of phenols and asymmetric nucleophile addition across C=C bond
The regioselective carboxylation of electron-rich (hetero)aromatics employing decarboxylases in the redox-neutral (reverse) carboxylation reaction using bicarbonate or CO2(g) is currently exploited for the biocatalytic synthesis of carboxylic acids.1 Three enzyme classes exert complementary regioselectivities through diverse mechanisms: (i) Whereas the o-carboxylation of phenols (an equivalent to the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction) is mediated by Zn2+-dependent o-benzoic acid (de)carboxylases,2 (ii) the -carboxylation of hydroxystyrenes is catalysed by phenolic/ferulic acid (de)carboxylases acting via a pair of Tyr-Arg residues.3 (iii) Surpringly, these enzymes also exhibit a catalytic promiscuity for the nucleophile addition of H2O,4 NH2-OMe, cyanide and n-Pr-SH across the vinyl C=C bond via a quinone-methide intermediate, which yields the corresponding (S)-configurated adducts in up to 91% e.e.5 (iv) In search of ATP-independent regio-complementary p-benzoic acid (de)carboxylases, we discovered that 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid decarboxylase from Enterobacter cloacae6 (DHBDC_Ec) surprisingly depends on prenylated FMN7 as cofactor. In an attempt to propose a mechanism for the carboxylation of catechol by DHBDC_Ec, QM calculations revealed that the transient formation of a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition product (as suggested for the decarboxylation of cinnamic acid with ferulic acid decarboxylase from S. cerevisiae8) was highly disfavored (\u3e30 kcal/M). As an alternative, we propose a mono-covalent nucleophile adduct involving a prFMN iminium electrophile (~14 kcal/M).
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Improving Lesion Segmentation for Diabetic Retinopathy using Adversarial Learning
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in working age
adults. DR lesions can be challenging to identify in fundus images, and
automatic DR detection systems can offer strong clinical value. Of the publicly
available labeled datasets for DR, the Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image
Dataset (IDRiD) presents retinal fundus images with pixel-level annotations of
four distinct lesions: microaneurysms, hemorrhages, soft exudates and hard
exudates. We utilize the HEDNet edge detector to solve a semantic segmentation
task on this dataset, and then propose an end-to-end system for pixel-level
segmentation of DR lesions by incorporating HEDNet into a Conditional
Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN). We design a loss function that adds
adversarial loss to segmentation loss. Our experiments show that the addition
of the adversarial loss improves the lesion segmentation performance over the
baseline.Comment: Accepted to International Conference on Image Analysis and
Recognition, ICIAR 2019. Published at
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27272-2_29 Code:
https://github.com/zoujx96/DR-segmentatio
Kondo engineering : from single Kondo impurity to the Kondo lattice
In the first step, experiments on a single cerium or ytterbium Kondo impurity
reveal the importance of the Kondo temperature by comparison to other type of
couplings like the hyperfine interaction, the crystal field and the intersite
coupling. The extension to a lattice is discussed. Emphasis is given on the
fact that the occupation number of the trivalent configuration may be the
implicit key variable even for the Kondo lattice. Three phase
diagrams are discussed: CeRuSi, CeRhIn and SmS
A scalable framework for stylometric analysis of multi-author documents
This is an accepted manuscript of a chapter published by Springer in Database Systems for Advanced Applications. DASFAA 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10827 on 13/05/2018, available online: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91452-7_52
The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.Stylometry is a statistical technique used to analyze the variations in the author’s writing styles and is typically applied to authorship attribution problems. In this investigation, we apply stylometry to authorship identification of multi-author documents (AIMD) task. We propose an AIMD technique called Co-Authorship Graph (CAG) which can be used to collaboratively attribute different portions of documents to different authors belonging to the same community. Based on CAG, we propose a novel AIMD solution which (i) significantly outperforms the existing state-of-the-art solution; (ii) can effectively handle a larger number of co-authors; and (iii) is capable of handling the case when some of the listed co-authors have not contributed to the document as a writer. We conducted an extensive experimental study to compare the proposed solution and the best existing AIMD method using real and synthetic datasets. We show that the proposed solution significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art method
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