Internet, nouvel espace citoyen pour les personnes du troisième âge ?

Depuis quelques années déjà, la tendance démographique de nos sociétés postindustrielles révèle que les personnes du troisième âge occupent et occuperont un poids important au sein de la société. Pourtant, ce poids est inversement proportionnel à la place et au rôle que la société leur reconnaît. Considérées comme des « aînés », des retraités, des « vieux », les personnes du troisième âge sont exclues et se sentent exclues des enjeux sociaux de la société de l’information. Le préjugé tenace selon lequel ces personnes ne savent pas utiliser les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) semble peu fondé. D’ailleurs, la recherche menée sur une durée de trois ans nous aura permis de constater l’émergence d’un nouveau type de personnes âgées que nous appelons les « néo-vieux ». Ils constituent une population branchée qui utilise les technologies en contredisant parfois les préjugés que l’on peut entretenir à leur sujet. Ils constituent aussi une population impliquée dans la société comme dans la cellule familiale, puisque l’utilisation des TIC leur permet, d’une part, de jouir d’une mobilité qui réconcilie leurs besoins individuels et leur désir d’engagement dans l’espace citoyen et, d’autre part, d’entretenir une relation intergénérationnelle qui favorise la transmission de valeurs. Ainsi, en abordant les trois thématiques suivantes, soit l’exclusion, l’engagement familial et l’engagement social, nous montrerons que les personnes du troisième âge utilisent les technologies de l’information pour entrer de plain-pied dans la société de l’information.In the last years already, the demographic trend in our post-industrial societies reveals that senior citizens are occupying an increasingly important weight within the society. However, this weight is inversely proportional to the place and role that the society recognizes for them. Considered as elderly, retired and old, senior citizens are excluded or feel excluded from the information society’s social challenges. The persistent bias to the effect that these persons do not know how to use the information and communication technologies (ICTs) appears to be unfounded. In fact, the three-year research has allowed us to discover a new elderly type that we call the “new-old.” They are a connected population who uses ICTs, and Internet in particular, in a way that is opposite to the usual bias entertained about them. They make up a population group involved in the society as well as in the family cell, since their use of ICTs allows for a greater mobility that reconciles their individual needs and their desire to involve themselves in the citizen’s space, and on the other hand, to entertain an intergeneration relation that favours value transfers. In this way, and in taking up the following three thematics, exclusion, family commitment and social commitment, we will demonstrate that senior citizens use the ICTs to deliberately enter the information society

Influence of antisynthetase antibodies specificities on antisynthetase syndrome clinical spectrum time course

Antisynthetase syndrome (ASSD) is a rare clinical condition that is characterized by the occurrence of a classic clinical triad, encompassing myositis, arthritis, and interstitial lung disease (ILD), along with specific autoantibodies that are addressed to different aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (ARS). Until now, it has been unknown whether the presence of a different ARS might affect the clinical presentation, evolution, and outcome of ASSD. In this study, we retrospectively recorded the time of onset, characteristics, clustering of triad findings, and survival of 828 ASSD patients (593 anti-Jo1, 95 anti-PL7, 84 anti-PL12, 38 anti-EJ, and 18 anti-OJ), referring to AENEAS (American and European NEtwork of Antisynthetase Syndrome) collaborative group's cohort. Comparisons were performed first between all ARS cases and then, in the case of significance, while using anti-Jo1 positive patients as the reference group. The characteristics of triad findings were similar and the onset mainly began with a single triad finding in all groups despite some differences in overall prevalence. The "ex-novo" occurrence of triad findings was only reduced in the anti-PL12-positive cohort, however, it occurred in a clinically relevant percentage of patients (30%). Moreover, survival was not influenced by the underlying anti-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase antibodies' positivity, which confirmed that antisynthetase syndrome is a heterogeneous condition and that antibody specificity only partially influences the clinical presentation and evolution of this condition

Influence of Antisynthetase Antibodies Specificities on Antisynthetase Syndrome Clinical Spectrum TimeCourse

Introduction: Increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality is observed in inflammatory joint diseases (IJDs) such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis. However, the management of CV disease in these conditions is far from being well established.Areas covered: This review summarizes the main epidemiologic, pathophysiological, and clinical risk factors of CV disease associated with IJDs. Less common aspects on early diagnosis and risk stratification of the CV disease in these conditions are also discussed. In Europe, the most commonly used risk algorithm in patients with IJDs is the modified SCORE index based on the revised recommendations proposed by the EULAR task force in 2017.Expert opinion: Early identification of IJD patients at high risk of CV disease is essential. It should include the use of complementary noninvasive imaging techniques. A multidisciplinary approach aimed to improve heart-healthy habits, including strict control of classic CV risk factors is crucial. Adequate management of the underlying IJD is also of main importance since the reduction of disease activity decreases the risk of CV events. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may have a lesser harmful effect in IJD than in the general population, due to their anti-inflammatory effects along with other potential beneficial effects.This research was partially funded by FOREUM—Foundation for Research in Rheumatolog

Molecular Tuning of Actin Dynamics in Leukocyte Migration as Revealed by Immune-Related Actinopathies

International audienceMotility is a crucial activity of immune cells allowing them to patrol tissues as they differentiate, sample or exchange information, and execute their effector functions. Although all immune cells are highly migratory, each subset is endowed with very distinct motility patterns in accordance with functional specification. Furthermore individual immune cell subsets adapt their motility behaviour to the surrounding tissue environment. This review focuses on how the generation and adaptation of diversified motility patterns in immune cells is sustained by actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In particular, we review the knowledge gained through the study of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) related to actin defects. Such pathologies are unique models that help us to uncover the contribution of individual actin regulators to the migration of immune cells in the context of their development and function

Type I interferon associated epistasis may contribute to early disease-onset and high disease activity in juvenile-onset lupus.

Pathologic type I interferon (T1IFN) expression is a key feature in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that associates with disease activity. When compared to adult-onset disease, juvenile-onset (j)SLE is characterized by increased disease activity and damage, which likely relates to increased genetic burden. To identify T1IFN-associated gene polymorphisms (TLR7, IRAK1, miR-3142/miR-146a, IRF5, IRF7, IFIH1, IRF8, TYK2, STAT4), identify long-range linkage disequilibrium and gene:gene interrelations, 319 jSLE patients were genotyped using panel sequencing. Coupling phenotypic quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis identified 10 jSLE QTL that associated with young age at onset (10; IFIH1 [rs1990760], STAT4 [rs3021866], IRF8 [rs903202, rs1568391, rs6638]), and mucocutaneous involvement (TLR7 [rs3853839], IFIH1 [rs11891191, rs1990760]). This study suggests T1IFN-associated polymorphisms and gene:gene interrelations in jSLE. Genotyping of jSLE patients may allow for individualized treatment and care

Early Antiretroviral Therapy Preserves Functional Follicular Helper T and HIV-Specific B Cells in the Gut Mucosa of HIV-1-Infected Individuals

International audienceHIV-1 infection is associated with B cell dysregulation and dysfunction. In HIV-1-infected patients, we previously reported preservation of intestinal lymphoid structures and dendritic cell maturation pathways after early combination antiretroviral therapy (e-ART), started during the acute phase of the infection, compared with late combination antiretroviral therapy started during the chronic phase. In this study, we investigated whether the timing of combination antiretroviral therapy initiation was associated with the development of the HIV-1-specific humoral response in the gut. The results showed that e-ART was associated with higher frequencies of functional resting memory B cells in the gut. These frequencies correlated strongly with those of follicular Th cells in the gut. Importantly, frequencies of HIV-1 Env gp140-reactive B cells were higher in patients given e-ART, in whom gp140-reactive IgG production by mucosal B cells increased after stimulation. Moreover, IL-21 release by PBMCs stimulated with HIV-1 peptide pools was greater with e-ART than with late combination antiretroviral therapy. Thus, early treatment initiation helps to maintain HIV-1-reactive memory B cells in the gut as well as follicular Th cells, whose role is crucial in the development of potent affinity-matured and broadly neutralizing Abs

Inherited TNFSF9 deficiency causes broad Epstein–Barr virus infection with EBV+ smooth muscle tumors

International audienceEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) can infect smooth muscle cells causing smooth muscle tumors (SMTs) or leiomyoma. Here, we report a patient with a heterozygous 22q11.2 deletion/DiGeorge syndrome who developed a unique, broad, and lethal susceptibility to EBV characterized by EBV-infected T and B cells and disseminated EBV+SMT. The patient also harbored a homozygous missense mutation (p.V140G) in TNFSF9 coding for CD137L/4-1BBL, the ligand of the T cell co-stimulatory molecule CD137/4-1BB, whose deficiency predisposes to EBV infection. We show that wild-type CD137L was up-regulated on activated monocytes and dendritic cells, EBV-infected B cells, and SMT. The CD137LV140G mutant was weakly expressed on patient cells or when ectopically expressed in HEK and P815 cells. Importantly, patient EBV-infected B cells failed to trigger the expansion of EBV-specific T cells, resulting in decreased T cell effector responses. T cell expansion was recovered when CD137L expression was restored on B cells. Therefore, these results highlight the critical role of the CD137–CD137L pathway in anti-EBV immunity, in particular in the control of EBV+SMT

Altered Basal Lipid Metabolism Underlies the Functional Impairment of Naive CD8 + T Cells in Elderly Humans

International audienceAging is associated with functional deficits in the naive T cell compartment, which compromise the generation of de novo immune responses against previously unencountered Ags. The mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon have nonetheless remained unclear. We found that naive CD8+ T cells in elderly humans were prone to apoptosis and proliferated suboptimally in response to stimulation via the TCR. These abnormalities were associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism under homeostatic conditions and enhanced levels of basal activation. Importantly, reversal of the bioenergetic anomalies with lipid-altering drugs, such as rosiglitazone, almost completely restored the Ag responsiveness of naive CD8+ T cells. Interventions that favor lipid catabolism may therefore find utility as adjunctive therapies in the elderly to promote vaccine-induced immunity against targetable cancers and emerging pathogens, such as seasonal influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)