Tracking Turbulent Coherent Structures by Means of Neural Networks

[EN] The behaviours of individual flow structures have become a relevant matter of study in turbulent flows as the computational power to allow their study feasible has become available. Especially, high instantaneous Reynolds Stress events have been found to dominate the behaviour of the logarithmic layer. In this work, we present a viability study where two machine learning solutions are proposed to reduce the computational cost of tracking such structures in large domains. The first one is a Multi-Layer Perceptron. The second one uses Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Both of the methods are developed with the objective of taking the the structures' geometrical features as inputs from which to predict the structures' geometrical features in future time steps. Some of the tested Multi-Layer Perceptron architectures proved to perform better and achieve higher accuracy than the LSTM architectures tested, providing lower errors on the predictions and achieving higher accuracy in relating the structures in the consecutive time steps.This work was supported by RTI2018-102256-B-I00 of MINECO/FEDER. The computations of the new simulations were made possible by a generous grant of computing time from the Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, reference AECT-2020-2-0005.Aguilar-Fuertes, JJ.; Noguero-Rodríguez, F.; Jaen Ruiz, JC.; García-Raffi, LM.; Hoyas, S. (2021). Tracking Turbulent Coherent Structures by Means of Neural Networks. Energies. 14(4):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1404098411514

Geoheritage as an educational resource and educational resources as heritage

El presente trabajo muestra una compilación de experiencias didácticas que emplean el patrimonio geológico como herramienta pedagógica en la enseñanza de las materias relacionadas con las Ciencias de la Tierra. El objetivo de todas ellas es acercar al alumnado al conocimiento y comprensión de los procesos que acontecen en nuestro planeta, con la finalidad de lograr un acercamiento y sensibilización hacia los mismos. Las seis propuestas seleccionadas presentan variedad en cuanto al contexto territorial de desarrollo de las actividades, a los contenidos y niveles trabajados (desde Enseñanza Secundaria hasta estudios universitarios) y a las metodologías utilizadas para la transmisión de dichos contenidos. Dentro de esta diversidad pueden distinguirse dos grupos de actividades diferentes. El primero de ellos se basa en el desarrollo de experiencias pedagógicas en localidades cuyas características geológicas resultan modélicas, únicas y/o espectaculares. Por el contrario, el segundo conjunto de actividades se centra en el trabajo de los recursos geológicos presentes en el entorno próximo del centro educativo. En ellas se explota su valor patrimonial, es decir, su potencial didáctico para abordar el estudio de la historia geológica del territorio. A través de las actividades incluidas en este compendio, se evidencia la validez de ambos tipos de aproximaciones y, al mismo tiempo, se debaten y realzan algunas de las virtudes más destacables de cada una de ellas. De esta manera, este catálogo podría resultar útil e inspirador para posibles planteamientos futuros.This manuscript presents a compilation of didactic experiences, which address the teaching of Earth Sciences through the knowledge of geological heritage. The aim of these proposals is to promote students’ comprehension of the Earth processes so that they may develop a positive attitude towards them. The six activities chosen offer a catalogue with a variety of sites, methodologies, contents and levels. Within this variety, the activities shown can be gathered into two separate groups. On the one hand, the first group collects experiences, which use geological heritage, i.e., the experiences are developed in places whose geological content is exemplary, unique and/or spectacular. On the other hand, the second group is focused on the geologic resources in the neighborhood of the school. These sites have heritage value, that is, an educational value for studying the geologic history of their territory. The activities drawn together show that both viewpoints are useful, and the benefits of each are pointed out. Consequently, this catalogue might be useful and inspiring for forthcoming attempts in this field

Overview of IFMIF-DONES diagnostics: Requirements and techniques

The IFMIF-DONES Facility is a unique first-class scientific infrastructure whose construction is foreseen in Granada, Spain, in the coming years. Strong integration efforts are being made at the current project phase aiming at harmonizing the ongoing design of the different and complex Systems of the facility. The consolidation of the Diagnostics and Instrumentation, transversal across many of them, is a key element of this purpose. A top-down strategy is proposed for a systematic Diagnostics Review and Requirement definition, putting emphasis in the one-of-a-kind instruments necessary by the operational particularities of some of the Systems, as well as to the harsh environment that they shall survive. In addition, other transversal aspects such as the ones related to Safety and Machine Protection and their respective requirements shall be also considered. The goal is therefore to advance further and solidly in the respective designs, identify problems in advance, and steer the Diagnostics development and validation campaigns that will be required. The present work provides an overview of this integration strategy as well as a description of some of the most challenging Diagnostics and Instruments within the facility, including several proposed techniques currently under study

NEXTGENDEM: información genética, geoespacial y supercomputación para mejorar la gestión de especies y espacios en Macaronesia

Project NEXTGENDEM (MAC2/4.6d/236, https://lupus.itccanarias.org/nextgendem/es/) complements multiple research disciplines to provide verified and validated scientific data that help managers make more informed conservation decisions. As a result of the mobilization and enrichment of the sample and data banks of the Jardín Botánico Canario “Viera y Clavijo” -UA CSIC and the Instituto Nacional de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário de Cabo Verde, tools will be developed for the estimation of phylogenetic diversity of the terrestrial endemic flora of these islands, the approximation to the molecular taxonomic identification of samples, phylogenetic reconstruction, and territorial analysis merging biotic and abiotic variables. Our main objective is to organise, analyse and apply the most relevant scientific knowledge to guide in situ and ex situ actions to improve the conservation status of the flora of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands) and Santiago (Cape Verde), although we plan to incorporate other Macaronesian territories in future projectsEl proyecto NEXTGENDEM (MAC2/4.6d/236, https://lupus.itccanarias.org/nextgendem/es/) complementa múltiples disciplinas de investigación para proporcionar datos científicos contrastados y validados que faciliten a los gestores la toma de decisiones de conservación más informadas. A consecuencia de la movilización y el enriquecimiento de los bancos de muestras y datos del Jardín Botánico Canario ¿Viera y Clavijo¿ ¿ UA CSIC y del Instituto Nacional de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário de Cabo Verde, se pondrán a punto herramientas para la estimación de la diversidad filogenética de la flora terrestre insular, la aproximación a la identificación taxonómica molecular de muestras, la reconstrucción de filogenias, y el análisis territorial integrado con variables bióticas y abióticas. Nuestro objetivo principal es organizar, analizar y aplicar el conocimiento científico más relevante para guiar actuaciones in situ y ex situ que mejoren el estado de conservación de las floras de Gran Canaria (Islas Canarias) y Santiago (Cabo Verde), aunque prevemos incorporar otros territorios macaronésicos en futuros proyecto

Costs and benefits of automation for astronomical facilities

The Observatorio Astrof\'isico de Javalambre (OAJ{\dag}1) in Spain is a young astronomical facility, conceived and developed from the beginning as a fully automated observatory with the main goal of optimizing the processes in the scientific and general operation of the Observatory. The OAJ has been particularly conceived for carrying out large sky surveys with two unprecedented telescopes of unusually large fields of view (FoV): the JST/T250, a 2.55m telescope of 3deg field of view, and the JAST/T80, an 83cm telescope of 2deg field of view. The most immediate objective of the two telescopes for the next years is carrying out two unique photometric surveys of several thousands square degrees, J-PAS{\dag}2 and J-PLUS{\dag}3, each of them with a wide range of scientific applications, like e.g. large structure cosmology and Dark Energy, galaxy evolution, supernovae, Milky Way structure, exoplanets, among many others. To do that, JST and JAST are equipped with panoramic cameras under development within the J-PAS collaboration, JPCam and T80Cam respectively, which make use of large format (~ 10k x 10k) CCDs covering the entire focal plane. This paper describes in detail, from operations point of view, a comparison between the detailed cost of the global automation of the Observatory and the standard automation cost for astronomical facilities, in reference to the total investment and highlighting all benefits obtained from this approach and difficulties encountered. The paper also describes the engineering development of the overall facilities and infrastructures for the fully automated observatory and a global overview of current status, pinpointing lessons learned in order to boost observatory operations performance, achieving scientific targets, maintaining quality requirements, but also minimizing operation cost and human resources.Comment: Global Observatory Control System GOC

Timing and Tempo of Early and Successive Adaptive Radiations in Macaronesia

The flora of Macaronesia, which encompasses five Atlantic archipelagos (Azores, Canaries, Madeira, Cape Verde, and Salvage), is exceptionally rich and diverse

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality