Efficient capacity enhancement using OFDM with interleaved subcarrier number modulation in bandlimited UOWC systems

We propose and demonstrate an efficient capacity enhancement scheme for bandlimited underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) systems by utilizing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with interleaved subcarrier number modulation (OFDM-ISNM). In the proposed OFDM-ISNM, joint number and constellation mapping/de-mapping is utilized to avoid error propagation and subblock interleaving is further applied to address the low-pass effect of the bandlimited UOWC system. The feasibility and superiority of the proposed OFDM-ISNM scheme for practical bandlimited UOWC systems have been verified through both simulations and experiments. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed OFDM-ISNM scheme is capable of efficiently improving the achievable data rate of the bandlimited UOWC system. Specifically, the experimental results show a significant 28.6% capacity enhancement by OFDM-ISNM over other benchmark schemes, achieving a data rate of 3.6 Gbps through a 2-m water channel

The global/local (limited to some regions) effect of cesarean delivery on the risk of pediatric allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis is a chronic and refractory disease that can be affected by a variety of factors. Studies have shown an association between cesarean section and the risk of pediatric allergic rhinitis.MethodsThe PubMed, Springer, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched to retrieve all studies published from January 2000 to November 2022, focusing on the relationship between cesarean section and the risk of pediatric allergic rhinitis. A meta-analysis was conducted to find a correlation between cesarean section and the risk of pediatric allergic rhinitis. A subgroup analysis was performed, considering the region and family history of allergy, after adjusting for confounding factors. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated, publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot, and heterogeneity between study-specific relative risks was taken into account.ResultsThe results showed that cesarean section was significantly associated with an increased risk of pediatric allergic rhinitis (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.20–1.35). Subgroup analysis stratified by region indicated that cesarean section increased the risk of pediatric allergic rhinitis, with the highest increase in South America (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.10–2.52) and the lowest in Europe (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02–1.25). The results of the subgroup analysis stratified by family history of allergy indicate that family history of allergy was not associated with the risk of pediatric allergic rhinitis.ConclusionAn association exists between cesarean section as the mode of delivery and the increased risk of pediatric allergic rhinitis, and cesarean section is a risk factor for allergic rhinitis

Plasmonic‐enhanced NIR‐II downconversion fluorescence beyond 1500 nm from core–shell–shell lanthanide nanoparticles

This paper reports on the light amplification of NaGdF4:Yb,Er,Ce@NaGdF4:Yb,Nd@NaGdF4 core–shell–shell downconversion nanoparticles (CSS‐DCNPs) in the near‐infrared second biological window (NIR‐II: 1000–1700 nm) by plasmonic nanostructures. Through a precisely controlled plasmonic metallic nanostructure, fluorescence from Yb3+ induced 1000 nm emission, Nd3+ induced 1060 nm emission, and Er3+ induced 1527 nm emission are enhanced 1.6‐fold, 1.7‐fold, and 2.2‐fold, respectively, under an 808 nm laser excitation for the CSS‐DCNPs coupled with a gold hole‐cap nanoarray (Au‐HCNA), while the Er3+ induced 1527 nm emission under a 980 nm laser excitation is enhanced up to 6‐fold. To gain insight into the enhancement mechanism, the plasmonic modulation of Er3+ induced NIR‐II emission at 1550 nm under 980 nm excitation is studied by FDTD simulation and lifetime measurements, showing the observed fluorescence enhancement can be attributed to a combination of enhanced excitation and an increased radiative decay rate

Quantitative determination of interlayer electronic coupling at various critical points in bilayer Mo S 2

Tailoring interlayer coupling has emerged as a powerful tool to tune the electronic structure of van der Waals (vdW) bilayers. One example is the usage of the “moiré pattern” to create controllable two-dimensional electronic superlattices through the configurational dependence of interlayer electronic couplings. This approach has led to some remarkable discoveries in twisted graphene bilayers, and transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) homo- and hetero-bilayers. However, a largely unexplored factor is the interlayer distance, d, which can impact the interlayer coupling strength exponentially. In this letter, we quantitatively 2 determine the coupling strengths as a function of interlayer spacing at various critical points of the Brillouin zone in bilayer MoS2. The exponential dependence of the coupling parameter on the gap distance is demonstrated. Most significantly, we achieved a 280% enhancement of K-valley coupling strength with an 8% reduction of the vdW gap, pointing to a new strategy in designing a novel electronic system in vdW bilayers. gning a unique electronic system in vdW bilayers.This research was primarily supported by the NSF Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC) under DMR-1720595. We also acknowledge support from the Welch Foundation (F-1672 and F-1662), the US NSF (DMR-1808751) and the U.S. Air Force (FA2386-18-1-4097). C.-R.P., P.-J.C., and M.-Y.C. acknowledge the support from Academia Sinica, Taiwan. W.-H.C. acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST-110-2119-M-A49-001-MBK) and the support from the Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science (CEFMS) of NYCU supported by the Ministry of Education of Taiwan. W.-T.H. acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST-110-2112-M-007-011-MY3) and the Yushan Young Scholar Program from the Ministry of Education of Taiwan. C.K.S. also acknowledge the Yushan Scholar Program from the Ministry of Education of Taiwan.Center for Dynamics and Control of Material

The genome of broomcorn millet

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is the most water-efficient cereal and one of the earliest domesticated plants. Here we report its high-quality, chromosome-scale genome assembly using a combination of short-read sequencing, single-molecule real-time sequencing, Hi-C, and a high-density genetic map. Phylogenetic analyses reveal two sets of homologous chromosomes that may have merged ~5.6 million years ago, both of which exhibit strong synteny with other grass species. Broomcorn millet contains 55,930 proteincoding genes and 339 microRNA genes. We find Paniceae-specific expansion in several subfamilies of the BTB (broad complex/tramtrack/bric-a-brac) subunit of ubiquitin E3 ligases, suggesting enhanced regulation of protein dynamics may have contributed to the evolution of broomcorn millet. In addition, we identify the coexistence of all three C4 subtypes of carbon fixation candidate genes. The genome sequence is a valuable resource for breeders and will provide the foundation for studying the exceptional stress tolerance as well as C4 biology

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)

The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)