Det handlar om tur: en kvalitativ studie av rättsprocessen vid kvinnofridsbrott

The purpose of this essay was to examine the experience of the judicial process concerning domestic violence from the perspectives of abused females and from some of the authorities and organisations which meet these women. The essay investigated several views of the judicial process in order to obtain a wide perspective. It responded to the following questions: - How are abused women treated by the authorities and organisations? - Are there enough resources and knowledge among the authorities and organisations? - Is there any collaboration between the authorities and organisations which the female meets in the judicial process and if so, how does it look like? - What does the aspect of security of person look like for the women which have been exposed to domestic violence? - What in the judicial process is important for the women's ability to move on in her life after experiences of violence in a relationship? This study was based on a qualitative method, where the interviews constituted of empirical material. The essay was based on interviews with two females who have experiences of violence in a relationship, two social workers from Kvinnojouren in Lund, two social workers from Kriscentrum in Lund, one lawyer, one prosecutor, one policeman and one social worker from Kvinnoforum in Lund. For better understanding the interviews have been complemented with theoretical studies. Our result showed that the individual person you meet in an organisation is important for how a woman understands the judicial process. In addition it also demonstrated that knowledge in each organisation is very important in the work with abused females because of the complexity in the relation between male and female. The study stressed the importance of cooperation between the social instances for providing the best help for abused females. Our respondents discussed the problem with the burden of evidence in these judicial processes. In one way it has to be a security of person and therefore it is important that evidence is required so that no innocent will be penalised. However, the requirements of evidence also result in abused females that do not report the crime. In the relation between a professional and a client we could see a power configuration even though the professionals believed there was none. However, the females understood this unequal relation in power. The essay furthermore showed that the treatment of the authorities and organisations and the females understanding that she is being believed are important factors for her ability to move on with her life

Needs of multimorbid heart failure patients and their carers: a qualitative interview study and the creation of personas as a basis for a blended collaborative care intervention

IntroductionInvolving patients and carers in the development of blended collaborative care (BCC) interventions for multimorbid heart failure (HF) patients is recommended but rarely practised, and research on the patient perspective is scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate patients’ and carers' care-related needs and preferences to better customize a novel international BCC intervention.MethodsA qualitative study design using framework analysis was employed. The study was performed in accordance with the EQUATOR standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR). Patients aged at least 65 years with HF and at least two other physical diseases as well as their carers completed semistructured interviews in Germany, Italy, and Denmark. Based on these interviews, personas (prototype profiles of patients and carers) were created.ResultsData from interviews with 25 patients and 17 carers were analysed. Initially, seven country-specific personas were identified, which were iteratively narrowed down to a final set of 3 personas: (a) the one who needs and wants support, (b) the one who has accepted their situation with HF and reaches out when necessary, and (c) the one who feels neglected by the health care system. Carers identifying with the last persona showed high levels of psychological stress and a high need for support.DiscussionThis is the first international qualitative study on patients' and carers' needs regarding a BCC intervention using the creation of personas. Across three European countries, data from interviews were used to develop three contrasting personas. Instead of providing “one size fits all” interventions, the results indicate that BCC interventions should offer different approaches based on the needs of individual patients and carers. The personas will serve as a basis for the development of a novel BCC intervention as part of the EU project ESCAPE (Evaluation of a patient-centred biopSychosocial blended collaborative CAre Pathway for the treatment of multimorbid Elderly patients)

Review and Selection of Online Resources for Carers of Frail Adults or Older People in Five European Countries: Mixed-Methods Study

17.06.2020. BACKGROUND: Informal carers have a crucial role in the care of older people, but they are at risk of social isolation and psychological exhaustion. Web-based services like apps and websites are increasingly used to support informal carers in addressing some of their needs and tasks, such as health monitoring of their loved ones, information and communication, and stress management. Despite the growing number of available solutions, the lack of knowledge or skills of carers about the solutions often prevent their usage. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review and select apps and websites offering functionalities useful for informal carers of frail adults or older people in 5 European countries (Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Sweden). METHODS: A systematic online search was conducted from January 2017 to mid-March 2017 using selected keywords, followed by an assessment based on a set of commonly agreed criteria and standardized tools. Selected resources were rated and classified in terms of scope. Focus groups with informal carers were conducted to validate the list and the classification of resources. The activities were conducted in parallel in the participating countries using common protocols and guidelines, a standardization process, and scheduled group discussions. RESULTS: From a total of 406 eligible resources retrieved, 138 apps and 86 websites met the inclusion criteria. Half of the selected resources (109/224, 48.7%) were disease-specific, and the remaining resources included information and utilities on a variety of themes. Only 38 resources (38/224, 17.0%) were devoted specifically to carers, addressing the management of health disturbances and diseases of the care recipient and focusing primarily on neurodegenerative diseases. Focus groups with the carers showed that almost all participants had no previous knowledge of any resource specifically targeting carers, even if interest was expressed towards carer-focused resources. The main barriers for using the resources were low digital skills of the carers and reliability of health-related apps and websites. Results of the focus groups led to a new taxonomy of the resources, comprising 4 categories: carer's wellbeing, managing health and diseases of the care recipient, useful contacts, and technologies for eldercare. CONCLUSIONS: The review process allowed the identification of online resources of good quality. However, these resources are still scarce due to a lack of reliability and usability that prevent users from properly benefiting from most of the resources. The involvement of end users provided added value to the resource classification and highlighted the gap between the potential benefits from using information and communication technologies and the real use of online resources by carers.This study was co-funded by the Erasmus+ programme of the European Union, under the Project “Apps for carers”, Grant Agreement n. 2016-1-SE01-KA204-022067. This study was partially supported by Ricerca Corrente funding from the Italian Ministry of Health to IRCCS INRCA

Nutrient and Organic Matter Dynamics in Beech Forest Floors, in Relation to the Presence of Ground Flora

The objective of this thesis was to quantify differences between adjacent patches with and without ground flora of Deschampsia flexuosa L. Trin or Anemone nemorosa L. in two acid European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest floors in south-west of Sweden. The studies included soil properties and chemistry, N mineralisation and bioavailability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), in soil leachates (SL), soil matrix solution (SMS) and soil water extractions (SWE). The studies showed that soil properties and chemistry and N mineralisation differ between plots with and without ground flora. Whereas there were no differences in bioavailability of DOC in soil solutions from plots with and without ground flora. I found higher pH in plots with D. flexuosa and lower soil organic matter (SOM) content, water content, cation exchange capacity, base saturation and N concentration, than in plots without grass. At the A. nemorosa site, pH, and base saturation were higher in plots with ground flora than without. N mineralisation rate was lower in plots with D. flexuosa than without. Contrary, the amount of mineralised N was higher in plots with A. nemorosa than without. In June at the A. nemorosa site, the nitrogen concentrations in SL were higher in plots with A. nemorosa than without. This may be due to plant uptake or microbial immobilisation. At the D. flexuosa site mean NO3-N concentration in SL and SMS was lower in plots with grass than without. The amount of mineralised N in the soil from the A. nemorosa site was twice as high as in the soil from the D. flexuosa site, with domination of NO3-N and NH4-N respectively. These differences were probably caused by lower pH (KCl) and higher SOM content in the D. flexuosa soil than in the A. nemorosa soil. Mixing the nitrifying soil from the A. nemorosa site with the low nitrifying soil from the D. flexuosa site, induced nitrification and ammonification rate in the D. flexuosa soil, in plots with grass. These results indicate that the microorganisms are limited by C at the A. nemorosa site and N at the D. flexuosa site. SMS was more acid than the SL at both sites. Probably due to the more rapid passage of incoming rain water and hence a lower contact time and ion exchange rate with the acidic soil matrix in SL. At the D. flexuosa site, NO3-N, NH4-N, DON and PO4-P concentrations were lower in SMS than in SL, indicating plant uptake, microbial immobilisation and/or adsorption in the soil. A higher concentration of NO3-N was found in SMS than in SL at the A. nemorosa site, probably due to a higher nitrification rate in the smaller pores and/or longer contact time between soil and water and a larger population of nitrifiers. The bioavailability of DOC differed between soil solution types. DOC in SWE was the most bioavailable and DOC in SMS was the least bioavailable. These results are probably reflecting different origin of DOC in soil solutions in larger and smaller pores of the forest floor, which will influence the quality of DOC

Barns sätt att benämna och uppfatta geometriska former : En observation och intervjustudie med förskolebarn

Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka hur barn i åldrarna tre till sex år uppfattar de geometriska formerna i sin närmiljö, utan att någon vuxen påvisar formerna. I undersökningen ingår även att se vilka former barnen känner till och hur de benämner formerna. Metoderna som använts i undersökningen är intervjuer och observationer. Huvudresultatet var att barnen såg olika geometriska former i sin förskolemiljö. Hur barnen benämnde formerna varierar mellan matematisk benämning och vardagsbenämning och även egen påhittad benämning. Att förskolorna arbetar olika med matematik gör ingen skillnad för hur barnen benämner formerna. Viktig Slutsats: Barnen benämner de geometriska formerna med samma benämning som de vuxna i barnens omgivning använder sig av

Rösten är kroppens spegel. Om sömn, stress och dessa faktorers inverkan på sång- och talröst

Examensarbete (15 hp

Doing informal care : Identity, couplehood, social health and information and communication technologies in older people’s everyday lives

The aim of the thesis has been a) to analyse how informal care influences the identity of carers and care recipients, their sense of couplehood and social health, and b) to explore the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the context of informal care and the everyday lives of older people. Study I focused on how older carers conceptualised their identity as carers on a Swedish online social forum, using a netnographic methodology. The findings indicated a change in self-perception as the carer role was acquired. Carers’ capacities were filtered through the needs of the care recipient, making their carer identities into invisible selves. The findings revealed that online communication had the potential to create a virtual space of social recognition. Study II aimed to reflect on carers’ experiences of participation in a co-design process consisting of user group sessions with carers and researchers. The goal was to develop a web-based support programme for carers. The findings emphasised a need to consider carers’ lifeworlds and to develop flexible human-centred design methodologies, that are able to balance carers’ needs and ideas with proposed research outcomes. Studies III and IV utilised an ethnographic methodology. In study III, the notion of couplehood in informal care was analysed. The findings showed that in the process of becoming a carer and a care recipient previous (often gendered) responsibilities were re- negotiated and new practicalities emerged. Although these changes were understood as a natural part of family life, they nevertheless led to changes in the (power) balance between spouses, expressed in terms of a professionalised relationship and a sense of social isolation. ICT was used as a means to get a respite from caring and uphold a social connection with others. In study IV, the social implications and consequences of spousal informal care and carers and care recipients’ experiences of illness and the ill body was explored. The findings showed that the participants experienced barriers to living life as before. Thoughts about or the presence of ill and “leaking” bodies thus lead to “self-chosen” social isolation or social distancing by others. The thesis highlights that informal care needs to be understood as an identity forming practice, having a significant impact on involved parties’ sense of couplehood, their social health and that ICT can contribute to ease carers’ and care recipients’ daily life

Linguistical treatment. : Teacher’s work with the language development and gender of young children.

I förskolans läroplan beskrivs att pedagoger ska lägga stor vikt vid att uppmuntra varje barn till att utveckla sitt språk. Under verksamhetsförlagda delar av utbildningen och arbete på förskolor har vi sett att små barn ibland får stå åt sidan för att gynna verksamhet för äldre barn. Att låta barn utveckla sitt språk med stöd av pedagoger och en social miljö är något som påverkar oss resten av livet. Att behärska språket är en nödvändighet i samhället. Syftet med studien är att synliggöra verksamma pedagogers arbete med ett- till treåringars språkutveckling i förskolan. Studien syftar vidare till att påvisa eventuella skillnader i språkligt bemötande ur genusperspektiv. Studien är kvalitativ och bygger på fyra observationer och fyra intervjuer, vilka är genomförda på två olika förskolor. Resultatet presenterar pedagogers arbetssätt och tankar bakom arbetet med språkutveckling, vilka möjligheter respektive hinder de ser och deras tankar bakom bemötande av flickor och pojkar ur språkutvecklingsperspektiv. I resultatet framkom att pedagogerna arbetar med språket på många sätt på förskolan, till exempel genom samlingar, vardagliga möten med barnen och genom att minska barngrupperna för att få mer tid för varje barn. I arbetet med språket ser pedagogerna möjligheter att använda sig av samlingen som pedagogiskt redskap men även utnyttja de vardagliga mötena. Pedagogen själv kan vara ett hinder om inte tiden finns för samtal med barnen då en viktig del av språkstimulansen går förlorad. Vissa pedagoger ser inga hinder alls för språkutvecklingen. Beträffande eventuell skillnad i bemötande gentemot flickor och pojkar visar resultatet att pedagogerna inte gör någon märkbar skillnad utan de alla har värderingen att bemöta alla barn lika. Slutligen diskuteras resultatet i relation till litteraturen och våra egna reflektioner. Studiens slutsats är att uppmuntran, benämning och bekräftelse kännetecknar det språkliga bemötandet i pedagogernas arbete med små barns språkutveckling.In the curriculum of the nursery school it is said that the teachers shall lay stress on encouraging each child to develop his/her language. During trainee work of the education and the work at nursery schools, we have been witnessing young children step aside in the favour of the older children’s activity. Letting children develop their language with the support of the teachers and a social surrounding affects them for the rest of their lives. Controlling the language is a necessity in the society. The purpose with this study is to visualise how active teachers are thinking and working with a language education for one- to three-year-olds. The study aims further to point out any differences in a linguistic treatment from a gender perspective. The study is qualitative and it is based on four observations and four interviews, which are carried out at two different nursery schools. The result presents the teachers’ way of working and thoughts behind the work with language education, what possibilities and obstacles they see and their thoughts behind the treatment of girls and boys from a language developing perspective. In the result it appeared that the teachers work with the language in many different ways at the nursery school, for instance by gatherings, everyday meetings with the children and by reducing the children groups to gain more time for each child. In the work with the language, the teachers see the possibilities of using the gathering as an educational tool and utilising the everyday meetings as well. The teacher him/her self can be an obstacle if there is no time for talk with the children, whereas an important part of the language stimulation is lost. Some teachers don’t see any obstacles whatsoever for the language development. Regarding a possible difference in the treatment against girls and boys, the result shows that teachers don’t make any remarkable distinction, but they all share the value of treating every child equally. Finally, the result is discussed in the relation to the literature and our own reflections

Communication at the end of life : to tailor your support

Palliativ vård är något de flesta sjuksköterskor kommer i kontakt med under sitt yrkesverksamma liv. Sjuksköterskor kan uppleva det som svårt att kommunicera med patienter vid livets slut (end of life [EOL]). Det är avgörande för patientens välbefinnande att ha en god kommunikation med sin sjuksköterska i samband med palliativ vård. Syftet med studien var att belysa sjuksköterskor och patienters kommunikation inom palliativ vård. Studien är gjord som en litteraturöversikt baserad på 14 vetenskapliga artiklar. Ur artiklarnas resultat framkom tre teman; sjuksköterskor och patienters upplevelser av kommunikation vid EOL, kommunikation inom team och dess påverkan på patientens omvårdnad och ärlighet i kommunikationen och bevarandet av hopp. Studierna visade att det fanns en vilja hos sjuksköterskor att kommunicera med patienten vid EOL men det fanns olika hinder som försvårade denna uppgift. Exempelvis känslomässiga hinder hos sjuksköterskan, patientens ambivalens angående diskussioner rörande EOL, tidsbrist och kulturella skillnader. Många sjuksköterskor önskade mer utbildning gällande kommunikation vid EOL-vård och mer forskning inom detta område behövs.Palliative care is something nurses will encounter during their professional life. Nurses may find it hard to communicate with patients at the end of life [EOL]. It is vital for the patient’s well-being to have a good communication with the nurse when receiving palliative care. The purpose of this study was to describe nurses’ and patients’ communication in palliative care. The study is a literature review, based on 14 scientific articles. From the results of the articles, three themes emerged; nurses’ and patients’ experiences of communication at EOL, communication in teams and its effect on the patients care and honesty in the communication and the preservation of hope. The studies showed that there was a willingness among nurses to communicate with patients at EOL but there were different obstacles which made the task difficult. For example, nurses’ emotional barriers, patients’ ambivalence about discussions regarding EOL, time constraints and cultural differences. Many nurses requested more education regarding communication at EOL and more research in this area is needed

EN HÅLLBARHETSANALYS AV ÖREBRO KOMMUNS ÖVERSIKTSPLAN : Vårt framtida Örebro

Detta är en dokumentanalys av Örebro kommuns nya översiktsplan 2018. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om den nya översiktsplanen planerar för de ekologiska, ekonomiska och sociala dimensionerna av hållbarhet samt om kommunen tar hänsyn till de globala, nationella, regionala och kommunala krav och mål som finns för den hållbara utvecklingen i fysisk planering. Detta undersöktes genom en hållbarhetsanalys av översiktsplanen. Begreppet hållbar utveckling genomsyrar hela uppsatsen men eftersom det är vagt och inte har en tydlig definition inleddes arbetet med att ta fram en egen analysmodell. Modellen grundar sig på tidigare forskning och egna tankar kring hållbar utveckling. För att förstå hur arbetet med hållbar utveckling är uppbyggt valdes att belysa Agenda 2030, de nationella miljökvalitetsmålen, Region Örebro läns utvecklingsstrategi, mål och visioner för att till sist presentera Örebros översiktsplan genom hållbarhetsdimensionerna ekologisk, ekonomisk och social. Innehållet i Örebros översiktsplan visade ett stort och omfattande planeringsarbete kring begreppet hållbar utveckling. Däremot fanns det inte alltid skrivet utan i flera fall återfanns det mellan raderna. Resultatet av analysen visade att de globala och nationella målen genomsyrar kommunens fysiska planering men nämns endast i text en enda gång utan någon specifikt utpekad planering för att uppnå dem. Det visade sig också att ingen av dimensionerna ekologisk, ekonomisk eller social hållbarhet uppnås till fullo i Örebros översiktsplan enligt analysmodellen