76 research outputs found
A Semiconductor Under Insulator Technology in Indium Phosphide
This Letter introduces a Semiconductor-Under-Insulator (SUI) technology in
InP for designing strip waveguides that interface InP photonic crystal membrane
structures. Strip waveguides in InP-SUI are supported under an atomic layer
deposited insulator layer in contrast to strip waveguides in silicon supported
on insulator. We show a substantial improvement in optical transmission when
using InP-SUI strip waveguides interfaced with localized photonic crystal
membrane structures when compared with extended photonic crystal waveguide
membranes. Furthermore, SUI makes available various fiber-coupling techniques
used in SOI, such as sub-micron coupling, for planar membrane III-V systems
Broadband Purcell enhanced emission dynamics of quantum dots in linear photonic crystal waveguides
The authors investigate the spontaneous emission dynamics of self-assembled
InGaAs quantum dots embedded in GaAs photonic crystal waveguides. For an
ensemble of dots coupled to guided modes in the waveguide we report spatially,
spectrally, and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements, detecting normal
to the plane of the photonic crystal. For quantum dots emitting in resonance
with the waveguide mode, a ~21x enhancement of photoluminescence intensity is
observed as compared to dots in the unprocessed region of the wafer. This
enhancement can be traced back to the Purcell enhanced emission of quantum dots
into leaky and guided modes of the waveguide with moderate Purcell factors up
to ~4x. Emission into guided modes is shown to be efficiently scattered out of
the waveguide within a few microns, contributing to the out-of-plane emission
and allowing the use of photonic crystal waveguides as broadband,
efficiency-enhancing structures for surface-emitting diodes or single photon
sources.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Global quieting of high-frequency seismic noise due to COVID-19 pandemic lockdown measures
Human activity causes vibrations that propagate into the ground as high-frequency seismic waves. Measures to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread changes in human activity, leading to a months-long reduction in seismic noise of up to 50%. The 2020 seismic noise quiet period is the longest and most prominent global anthropogenic seismic noise reduction on record. While the reduction is strongest at surface seismometers in populated areas, this seismic quiescence extends for many kilometers radially and hundreds of meters in depth. This provides an opportunity to detect subtle signals from subsurface seismic sources that would have been concealed in noisier times and to benchmark sources of anthropogenic noise. A strong correlation between seismic noise and independent measurements of human mobility suggests that seismology provides an absolute, real-time estimate of population dynamics
The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Studying the Complex Magnetic Field of L43
We present observations of polarized dust emission at 850 ÎŒm from the L43 molecular cloud, which sits in the Ophiuchus cloud complex. The data were taken using SCUBA-2/POL-2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as a part of the BISTRO large program. L43 is a dense (NH 10
22 2 ~ â1023 cmâ2) complex molecular cloud with a submillimeter-bright starless core and two protostellar sources. There appears to be an evolutionary gradient along the isolated filament that L43 is embedded within, with the most evolved source closest to the Sco OB2 association. One of the protostars drives a CO outflow that has created a cavity to the southeast. We see a magnetic field that appears to be aligned with the cavity walls of the outflow, suggesting interaction with the outflow. We also find a magnetic field strength of up to âŒ160 ± 30 ÎŒG in the main starless core and up to âŒ90 ± 40 ÎŒG in the more diffuse, extended region. These field strengths give magnetically super- and subcritical values, respectively, and both are found to be roughly trans-AlfvĂ©nic. We also present a new method of data reduction for these denser but fainter objects like starless cores
Filamentary Network and Magnetic Field Structures Revealed with BISTRO in the High-Mass Star-Forming Region NGC2264 : Global Properties and Local Magnetogravitational Configurations
We report 850 m continuum polarization observations toward the
filamentary high-mass star-forming region NGC 2264, taken as part of the
B-fields In STar forming Regions Observations (BISTRO) large program on the
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). These data reveal a well-structured
non-uniform magnetic field in the NGC 2264C and 2264D regions with a prevailing
orientation around 30 deg from north to east. Field strengths estimates and a
virial analysis for the major clumps indicate that NGC 2264C is globally
dominated by gravity while in 2264D magnetic, gravitational, and kinetic
energies are roughly balanced. We present an analysis scheme that utilizes the
locally resolved magnetic field structures, together with the locally measured
gravitational vector field and the extracted filamentary network. From this, we
infer statistical trends showing that this network consists of two main groups
of filaments oriented approximately perpendicular to one another. Additionally,
gravity shows one dominating converging direction that is roughly perpendicular
to one of the filament orientations, which is suggestive of mass accretion
along this direction. Beyond these statistical trends, we identify two types of
filaments. The type-I filament is perpendicular to the magnetic field with
local gravity transitioning from parallel to perpendicular to the magnetic
field from the outside to the filament ridge. The type-II filament is parallel
to the magnetic field and local gravity. We interpret these two types of
filaments as originating from the competition between radial collapsing, driven
by filament self-gravity, and the longitudinal collapsing, driven by the
region's global gravity.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 43 pages, 32
figures, and 4 tables (including Appendix
Ground deformation monitoring of the eruption offshore Mayotte
In May 2018, the Mayotte island, located in the Indian Ocean, was affected by an unprecedented seismic crisis, followed by anomalous on-land surface displacements in July 2018. Cumulatively from July 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021, the horizontal displacements were approximately 21 to 25 cm eastward, and subsidence was approximately 10 to 19 cm. The study of data recorded by the on-land GNSS network, and their modeling coupled with data from ocean bottom pressure gauges, allowed us to propose a magmatic origin of the seismic crisis with the deflation of a deep source east of Mayotte, that was confirmed in May 2019 by the discovery of a submarine eruption, 50 km offshore of Mayotte ([Feuillet et al., 2021]). Despite a non-optimal network geometry and receivers located far from the source, the GNSS data allowed following the deep dynamics of magma transfer, via the volume flow monitoring, throughout the eruption
The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar and APOGEE-2 Data
This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar) accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) survey which publicly releases infra-red spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the sub-survey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey (SPIDERS) sub-survey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated Value Added Catalogs (VACs). This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Local Volume Mapper (LVM) and Black Hole Mapper (BHM) surveys
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Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.
Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (nâ=â143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (nâ=â152), or no hydrocortisone (nâ=â108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (nâ=â137), shock-dependent (nâ=â146), and no (nâ=â101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707
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