468 research outputs found
Explored Sculptural Processes in Clay (Summer 2022)
Kate Forster is the Director of Advocacy in UMatter Student Support and Advocacy. She has been on staff at the University of Mississippi since June 1, 2016.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/staff_res/1007/thumbnail.jp
A parsec-scale flow associated with the IRAS 16547-4247 radio jet
IRAS 16547-4247 is the most luminous (6.2 x 10^4 Lsun) embedded young stellar
object known to harbor a thermal radio jet. We report the discovery using
VLT-ISAAC of a chain of H_2 2.12 um emission knots that trace a collimated flow
extending over 1.5 pc. The alignment of the H_2 flow and the central location
of the radio jet implies that these phenomena are intimately linked. We have
also detected using TIMMI2 an isolated, unresolved 12 um infrared source
towards the radio jet . Our findings affirm that IRAS 16547-4247 is excited by
a single O-type star that is driving a collimated jet. We argue that the
accretion mechanism which produces jets in low-mass star formation also
operates in the higher mass regime.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJL, 10 pages, 2 figure
Ex-formation as a method for mapping smellscapes
âEvery city, let me teach you, has its own smell.â
This quote, from an early chapter of E.M. Forsterâs âA Room With a Viewâ, points to a humanistic understanding of global urban smellscapes with the potential therein for shared understanding.
Exploring options for the communication of Singaporeâs âown smellâ this visual essay suggests how âex-formationâ may be used as to probe one ontological view of the mapâŠ. The main characteristic of an ex-formation approach is âunlikely combination as suggestionâ e.g. tarmac roads in place of a river surface alluding to the changing scale of a river from trickle to delta, inedible organic matter packaged in white styrofoam with clear food product labelling suggesting a hygienic trust of shrink-wrapped food over natural produce, miniature underwear on inanimate objects suggesting that objects too might have nudity...
Smell and visual is one such unlikely combination suggesting that invisible smell objects can be pervasive and imbued with colour
The Collimated Jet Source in IRAS 16547-4247: Time Variation, Possible Precession, and Upper Limits to the Proper Motions Along the Jet Axis
The triple radio source detected in association with the luminous infrared
source IRAS 16547-4247 has previously been studied with high angular resolution
and high sensitivity with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 3.6-cm wavelength. In
this paper, we present new 3.6 cm observations taken 2.68 years after the first
epoch that allow a search for variability and proper motions, as well as the
detection of additional faint sources in the region. We do not detect proper
motions along the axis of the outflow in the outer lobes of this source at a
4- upper limit of 160 km s. This suggests that these lobes
are probably working surfaces where the jet is interacting with a denser
medium. However, the brightest components of the lobes show evidence of
precession, at a rate of yr clockwise in the plane of
the sky. It may be possible to understand the distribution of almost all the
identified sources as the result of ejecta from a precessing jet. The core of
the thermal jet shows significant variations in flux density and morphology. We
compare this source with other jets in low and high mass young stars and
suggest that the former can be understood as a scaled-up version of the latter.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figure
Innovation in Low Carbon Construction Technologies:An Historic Analysis for Obviating Defects
Purpose â The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the risks of building defects associated with rapid advancement of âgreenâ construction technologies. It identifies the methods adopted by the sector for the determination of pre-construction defects that are framed within the context of, traditional; scientific; and professional design approaches. These are critically evaluated and utilised in attempts to mitigate defects arising from diffusing low carbon construction innovations. Design/methodology/approach âThe paper takes the formof an evaluative literature review. Polemic in orientation, the paper critically compares two periods of time associated with rapid advancement of innovation. The first, the post-Second World War housing boom is synonymous with a legacy of substandard buildings that in many cases rapidly deteriorated, requiring refurbishment or demolition shortly after construction. The second, is todayâs âgreenâ technology âshiftâ with its inherent uncertainty and increased risk of latent building defects and potential failure to deliver meaningful long-term performance. Central to this is an exploration of the drivers for innovation, and subsequent response, precautionary measures initiated, and the limitations of institutionalised systems to identify and mitigate defects. Similarities and differences between these historical periods frame a discussion around the theoretical approaches to defects and how these may be limited in contemporary low carbon construction. A conceptual framework is presented with the aim of enhancing the understanding for obviation of defects. Findings â Sufficient commonality exists between the periods to initiate a heightened vigilance in the identification, evaluation and ideally the obviation of defects. Design evaluation is not expressly or sufficiently defect focused. It appears that limited real change in the ability to identify defects has occurred since the post-war period and the ability to predict the performance of innovative systems and materials is therefore questionable. Attempts to appraise defects are still embedded in the three principle approaches: traditional; scientific; and professional design. Each of these systems have positive characteristics and address defect mitigation within constrains imposed by their very nature. However, they all fail to address the full spectrum of conditions and design and constructional complexities that lead to defects. The positive characteristics of each system need to be recognised and brought together in an holistic system that offers tangible advantages. Additionally, independent design professionals insufficiently emphasise the importance of defect identification and holistic evaluation of problems in design failure are influenced by their professional training and education. A silo-based mentality with fragmentation of professional responsibility debases the efficacy of defect identification, and failure to work in a meaningful, collaborative cross professional manner hinders the defect eradication process. Research limitations/implications â Whilst forming a meaningful contribution to stimulate debate, further investigation is required to tangibly establish integrated approaches to identify and obviate defects. Practical implications â The structured discussion and conclusions highlight areas of concern for industry practitioners, policy makers, regulators, industry researchers and academic researchers alike in addressing and realising a low carbon construction future. The lessons learned are not limited to a UK context and they have relevance internationally, particularly where rapid and significant growth is coupled with a need for carbon reduction and sustainable development such as the emerging economies in China, Brazil and India. Social implications â The carbon cost associated with addressing the consequences of emerging defects over time significantly jeopardises attempts to meet legally binding sustainability targets. This is a relatively new dimension and compounds the traditional economic and societal impacts of building failure. Clearly, blindly accepting this as âthe cost of innovation without developmentâ cannot be countenanced. Originality/value â Much research has been undertaken to evaluate post-construction defects. The protocols and inherent complexities associated with the determination of pre-construction defects have to date been largely neglected. This work attempts to rectify this situation
The first ever anti-football painting: A consideration of the soccer match in John Singer Sargentâs "Gassed"
The paper presents a discussion of Gassed, a large oil painting by John Singer Sargent displayed at the Imperial War Museum in London. Completed in 1919, Gassed is the major achievement from Sargentâs commission as an official war artist at the appointment of the British War Memorials Committee during the latter period of World War I. Prominent in the painting is a group of soldiers, blinded by a mustard gas attack, being lead to a casualty clearing station tent. In the distant background of the painting, another group of soldiers can be seen kitted out in football attire playing a match. The significance of this football imagery is our point of enquiry. As our title suggests, some recent interpretations regard the painting as offering critical reflection, from the time, about the symbolic links between sport and war. However, while the painting may certainly be left open to this type of viewer interpretation, archival and secondary resource material research does not support such a critical intention by the artist. Yet, nor is there evidence that Sargentâs intention was the projection of war-heroism. Rather, Sargentâs endeavour to faithfully represent what he observed allows Gassed to be regarded as a visual record of routine activity behind the lines and of football as an aspect of the daily life of British soldiers during the Great War
A Multiwavelength Study of Young Massive Star-Forming Regions. III. Mid-Infrared Emission
We present mid-infrared (MIR) observations, made with the TIMMI2 camera on
the ESO 3.6 m telescope, toward 14 young massive star-forming regions. All
regions were imaged in the N band, and nine in the Q band, with an angular
resolution of ~ 1 arcsec. Typically, the regions exhibit a single or two
compact sources (with sizes in the range 0.008-0.18 pc) plus extended diffuse
emission. The Spitzer-Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire
images of these regions show much more extended emission than that seen by
TIMMI2, and this is attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bands.
For the MIR sources associated with radio continuum radiation (Paper I) there
is a close morphological correspondence between the two emissions, suggesting
that the ionized gas (radio source) and hot dust (MIR source) coexist inside
the H II region. We found five MIR compact sources which are not associated
with radio continuum emission, and are thus prime candidates for hosting young
massive protostars. In particular, objects IRAS 14593-5852 II (only detected at
17.7 microns) and 17008-4040 I are likely to be genuine O-type protostellar
objects. We also present TIMMI2 N-band spectra of eight sources, all of which
are dominated by a prominent silicate absorption feature (~ 9.7 microns). From
these data we estimate column densities in the range (7-17)x10^22 cm^-2, in
good agreement with those derived from the 1.2 mm data (Paper II). Seven
sources show bright [Ne II] line emission, as expected from ionized gas
regions. Only IRAS 123830-6128 shows detectable PAH emission at 8.6 and 11.3
microns.Comment: Published in ApJ. 15 pages, 6 figures. Formatted with emulateapj; v2:
Minor language changes to match the published versio
Ringing up about breastfeeding: a randomised controlled trial exploring early telephone peer support for breastfeeding (RUBY) - trial protocol
BACKGROUND: The risks of not breastfeeding for mother and infant are well established, yet in Australia, although most women initiate breastfeeding many discontinue breastfeeding altogether and few women exclusively breastfeed to six months as recommended by the World Health Organization and Australian health authorities. We aim to determine whether proactive telephone peer support during the postnatal period increases the proportion of infants who are breastfed at six months, replicating a trial previously found to be effective in Canada. DESIGN/METHODS: A two arm randomised controlled trial will be conducted, recruiting primiparous women who have recently given birth to a live baby, are proficient in English and are breastfeeding or intending to breastfeed. Women will be recruited in the postnatal wards of three hospitals in Melbourne, Australia and will be randomised to peer support or to 'usual' care. All women recruited to the trial will receive usual hospital postnatal care and infant feeding support. For the intervention group, peers will make two telephone calls within the first ten days postpartum, then weekly telephone calls until week twelve, with continued contact until six months postpartum. Primary aim: to determine whether postnatal telephone peer support increases the proportion of infants who are breastfed for at least six months. HYPOTHESIS: that telephone peer support in the postnatal period will increase the proportion of infants receiving any breast milk at six months by 10% compared with usual care (from 46% to 56%).Outcome data will be analysed by intention to treat. A supplementary multivariate analysis will be undertaken if there are any baseline differences in the characteristics of women in the two groups which might be associated with the primary outcomes. DISCUSSION: The costs and health burdens of not breastfeeding fall disproportionately and increasingly on disadvantaged groups. We have therefore deliberately chosen trial sites which have a high proportion of women from disadvantaged backgrounds. This will be the first Australian randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of proactive peer telephone support for breastfeeding. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612001024831
Far-IR/Submillimeter Spectroscopic Cosmological Surveys: Predictions of Infrared Line Luminosity Functions for z<4 Galaxies
Star formation and accretion onto supermassive black holes in the nuclei of
galaxies are the two most energetic processes in the Universe, producing the
bulk of the observed emission throughout its history. We simulated the
luminosity functions of star-forming and active galaxies for spectral lines
that are thought to be good spectroscopic tracers of either phenomenon, as a
function of redshift. We focused on the infrared (IR) and sub-millimeter
domains, where the effects of dust obscuration are minimal. Using three
different and independent theoretical models for galaxy formation and
evolution, constrained by multi-wavelength luminosity functions, we computed
the number of star-forming and active galaxies per IR luminosity and redshift
bin. We converted the continuum luminosity counts into spectral line counts
using relationships that we calibrated on mid- and far-IR spectroscopic surveys
of galaxies in the local universe. Our results demonstrate that future
facilities optimized for survey-mode observations, i.e., the Space Infrared
Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) and the Cerro Chajnantor
Atacama Telescope (CCAT), will be able to observe thousands of z>1 galaxies in
key fine-structure lines, e.g., [SiII], [OI], [OIII], [CII], in a
half-square-degree survey, with one hour integration time per field of view.
Fainter lines such as [OIV], [NeV] and H_2 (0-0)S1 will be observed in several
tens of bright galaxies at 1<z<2, while diagnostic diagrams of active-nucleus
vs star-formation activity will be feasible even for normal z~1 galaxies. We
discuss the new parameter space that these future telescopes will cover and
that strongly motivate their construction.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal on 20/10/2011,
17 pages, 13 figure
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