Les noms propres et leurs dérivés dans le vocabulaire de l’intelligence artificielle

Les noms propres et leurs dérivés dans le vocabulaire de l'intelligence artificielle – Cet article présente les résultats d'une étude qui porte sur un sujet relativement peu exploré par les terminologues, à savoir la part des noms propres et de leurs dérivés dans la formation des vocabulaires techniques et scientifiques. Nous nous intéressons en particulier dans cet article aux onomastismes qui font partie du vocabulaire de l'intelligence artificielle. L'article se divise en trois parties. Nous présentons tout d'abord les matrices morphosyntaxiques qui composent les onomastismes de l'intelligence artificielle. Nous étudions ensuite les unités terminologiques complexes onomastiques du point de vue du nom propre et de son réfèrent. Enfin, nous examinons ces mêmes unités du point de vue de leur déterminé.Proper Names and Their Derivatives in Artificial Intelligence Terminology – This article presents the results of a study on a topic which has received relatively little attention from terminologists: the place of proper names and their derived forms in the formation of scientific and technical terms. The study focusses on the field of artificial intelligence: the morphosyntactic patterns of onomastic forms used in the field; the complex onomastic terminological units seen from the point of view of the proper noun and its referent; and finally, these forms as examined from the point of view of their base unit

Effects of Lorenzo's Oil on peroxisomes in healthy mice

We investigated peroxisomal alterations in mice treated with different doses of Lorenzo's Oil (a therapy for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy patients) for up to 100 days. Hepatic erucic acid levels were already significantly increased 2.2-fold and 2.6-fold in mice treated with 10% and 20% Lorenzo's Oil for 21 days, respectively. No lipidosis was found in liver; myocardium and kidney of any of the treated mice. While hepatic catalase, lauroyl-CoA oxidase and glycolate oxidase, and renal catalase activities were not induced by either diet, myocardial catalase activity was increased in most groups. This suggests that the mechanism of the effect of Lorenzo's Oil in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy patients may not be a direct effect on the peroxisomes

Testing Multiple Coordination Constraints with a Novel Bimanual Visuomotor Task

The acquisition of a new bimanual skill depends on several motor coordination constraints. To date, coordination constraints have often been tested relatively independently of one another, particularly with respect to isofrequency and multifrequency rhythms. Here, we used a new paradigm to test the interaction of multiple coordination constraints. Coordination constraints that were tested included temporal complexity, directionality, muscle grouping, and hand dominance. Twenty-two healthy young adults performed a bimanual dial rotation task that required left and right hand coordination to track a moving target on a computer monitor. Two groups were compared, either with or without four days of practice with augmented visual feedback. Four directional patterns were tested such that both hands moved either rightward (clockwise), leftward (counterclockwise), inward or outward relative to each other. Seven frequency ratios (3∶1, 2∶1, 3∶2, 1∶1, 2∶3. 1∶2, 1∶3) between the left and right hand were introduced. As expected, isofrequency patterns (1∶1) were performed more successfully than multifrequency patterns (non 1∶1). In addition, performance was more accurate when participants were required to move faster with the dominant right hand (1∶3, 1∶2 and 2∶3) than with the non-dominant left hand (3∶1, 2∶1, 3∶2). Interestingly, performance deteriorated as the relative angular velocity between the two hands increased, regardless of whether the required frequency ratio was an integer or non-integer. This contrasted with previous finger tapping research where the integer ratios generally led to less error than the non-integer ratios. We suggest that this is due to the different movement topologies that are required of each paradigm. Overall, we found that this visuomotor task was useful for testing the interaction of multiple coordination constraints as well as the release from these constraints with practice in the presence of augmented visual feedback

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Jacqueline Rubellin-Devichi (Dir.), Droit du logement et stratégies familiales/Centre du Droit de la Famille, 1988

Fontaine Monique. Jacqueline Rubellin-Devichi (Dir.), Droit du logement et stratégies familiales/Centre du Droit de la Famille, 1988. In: Droit et société, n°9, 1988. Max Weber. Réception, diffusion de sa sociologie du droit. p. 325

"Enquête sur la transmission héréditaire des fonds agricoles dans l'exploitation familiale en France", dans Annals of the Institute of Social Science, Special Issue 1982

Fontaine Monique. "Enquête sur la transmission héréditaire des fonds agricoles dans l'exploitation familiale en France", dans Annals of the Institute of Social Science, Special Issue 1982. In: Droit et société, n°5, 1987. Questions d'anthropologie, sous la direction de Louis Assier-Andrieu. pp. 130-131