O direito como espaço de lutas: a teoria constitucional como ferramental de trabalho do jurista orgânico

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em DireitoParte-se neste trabalho da idéia de que o direito é um importante espaço de lutas das classes sociais espoliadas. Criticam-se as correntes vinculadas ao marxismo ortodoxo, que pautadas na relação mecanicista entre estrutura e superestrutura, tratam o direito unicamente como dominação, ignorando-o como possível espaço de emancipação. Auxiliam, dessa maneira, a perpetuação das correntes conservadoras no ambiente jurídico. Nesse contexto, o direito alternativo surge como superação dialética dessas correntes, por fazer do judiciário um front da guerra de posição. Os juristas orgânicos, comprometidos com a superação do bloco histórico atual e com a construção de um novo bloco histórico, são protagonistas desta batalha. Defende-se que diante da heterogeneidade teórico/ideológica de seus membros, o direito alternativo passou de uma prática em busca de uma teoria para a prática de diversas teorias, sendo a sua ação iluminada por inúmeras fontes teóricas. Com a promulgação da Constituição brasileira de 1988, muitas conquistas oriundas das lutas populares foram erigidas à condição de princípios constitucionais. Com isso, a teoria constitucional passa a ser uma importante ferramenta de trabalho dos juristas orgânicos na exploração do viés emancipatório do direito, a partir da utilização de uma dogmática da efetividade integral do texto constitucional. Apresenta-se alguns pontos das obras dos constitucionalistas alemães Konrad Hesse, Friedrich Müller e Peter Häberle como profícuos referenciais teóricos para o atuar alternativista. A defesa da efetividade integral da Constituição é salutar para que as conquistas populares albergadas em seu texto deixem a folha de papel e aterrissem no mundo da vida. This works aims at demonstrating Law as an arena for the confrontation among excluded social classes. It is criticized the ideological currents related to orthodox Marxism, which based on the relation between structure and superstructure, consider that Law is a space for domination and ignore it as a possible field for emancipation of rights. This tends to an hegemonic perpetuation of the conservative thought in the juridical environment. The so called Direito Alternativo appears as a dialectic overcoming of those critical thoughts for making of the Judiciary an arena of "position war". The organic jurists, compromised on the overcoming of the actual historical block and on the construction of a new one, are the protagonists in this struggle. Before theoretical and ideological heterogeneity of its members, the Direito Alternativo movement has passed from a pragmatic quest for a theory to a pragmatic quest for many theories, having nowadays uncountable theoretical sources enlightening its actions. Since the promulgation of the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution many conquests originated in the social struggles were taken to the level of constitutional principles. Since then, constitutional theory became an important work tool of the organic jurists for the scrutiny of the emancipatory bias of Law, based on a dogmatic of the integral effectiveness of the constitutional norm. It is presented the second generation of the constitutional material theory - Konrad Hesse, Friedrich Müller and Peter Häberle - as a theoretical reference for the alternativista act. A constitutional dogmatic founded on a fully effectiveness of the legal norm is important for the conquest acquired in the 1988 Federal Constitution to abandon the piece of paper and land in the real world

Distribuição, diâmetro de gotas e fitoxicidade de herbicidas aplicados em mudas de eucalipto com pontas de indução de ar

The spray nozzles are responsible for the formation of droplets, each nozzle type exerts a different function, with its own characteristics related to the deposition of droplets according to the desired target. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution, droplet diameter and phytotoxicity of glyphosate and isoxaflutole herbicides applied in eucalyptus seedlings with air induction nozzles (AIUB 04 and TTI 110 04). The spectrum of droplet diameter was determined by particle size analyzer by laser light diffraction. The volumetric distribution was evaluated in deposition table to collect the sprayed volume. The visual assessments of phytotoxicity of the herbicides were carried out at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application. At the end of the experiment it was determined the dry mass of stem and leaves. The TTI 110 04 nozzle had greater volumetric median diameter (VMD), lower percentage of droplets smaller than 100 µm and lower uniformity coefficient of drops compared to the AIUB 04 nozzle. For the spray nozzle model TTI 110 04, the spacings of 0.45 and 0.75 cm showed better uniformity (variation coefficient lower than 10%). The model AIUB 04 resulted in no acceptable coefficient of variation. The application of glyphosate with the AIUB 04 nozzle increased phytotoxicity. The herbicide isoxaflutole was shown to be selective to eucalyptus.As pontas de pulverização são responsáveis pela formação das gotas, sendo que cada tipo de ponta exerce uma função diferente, com características próprias relacionadas à deposição de gotas de acordo com alvo que se deseja atingir. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a distribuição, diâmetro de gotas e fitotoxicidade dos herbicidas glyphosate e isoxaflutole, aplicados em mudas de eucalipto com pontas de indução de ar (AIUB 04 e TTI 110 04). O espectro do diâmetro de gotas foi determinado em analisador de tamanho de partículas por difração de luz laser. Os perfis de distribuição volumétrica foram avaliados em mesa de deposição, para a coleta da calda pulverizada. As avaliações visuais da fitotoxicidade dos herbicidas foram realizadas aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação. Ao final do período experimental determinou-se a massa de matéria seca de caule e folhas. A ponta de TTI 110 04 teve maior diâmetro mediano volumétrico (DMV), menor percentual de gotas menores que 100 µm e menor coeficiente de uniformidade de gotas em comparação com a ponta AIUB 04, independentemente da calda utilizada. Para a ponta de pulverização modelo TTI 110 04, os espaçamentos de 0,45 e 0,75 cm apresentaram melhor uniformidade (coeficiente de variação menor que 10%). O modelo AIUB 04 não resultou em nenhum coeficiente de variação aceitável. A aplicação de glyphosate com a ponta AIUB 04 aumentou a fitointoxicação. O herbicida isoxaflutole mostrou-se seletivo ao eucalipto

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Em torno da mesa do rei: artefatos, convivialidade e celebração no Rio de Janeiro joanino

Este artigo aborda um aspecto relevante do ritual das refeições na corte de D. João VI, no Rio de Janeiro: a prataria de mesa. Isto é, objetos de luxo destinados a servir e a consumir os alimentos. Com base em um inventário de bens de mesa enviados do Rio de Janeiro para Lisboa junto com o monarca em seu retorno a Portugal, em 1821, este artigo procura refletir sobre as funções e possíveis usos desses objetos, assim como sobre a importância desse universo material para o funcionamento, representação e celebração da Casa Real portuguesa na sua nova sede. O artigo argumenta que a presença e o uso de baixelas de prata de serviço, mas também de grande aparato, nas refeições públicas da família real pode contribuir para se repensar a imagem de uma corte pobre e sem brilho recorrentemente reforçada na historiografia do período joanino.This article discusses a specific issue of the royal dinner's rituals at the Court of Rio de Janeiro: the silver service: some luxury artifacts of different forms specially made to serve and consume food. Based on a inventory of these silver objects and also on a stock of table linen which were shipped to Lisbon, along with the royal family in 1821, The article intend to explore the functions and utilities of those objects at the table, as well as, analyze the importance of this material universe for the functioning, representation and celebration of the Portuguese Royal House in its new headquarters.The article argues that the use and even the exhibition of the banquet silver in public ceremonies may contribute to change a rather depreciative image of poverty the royal court in Brazil, which has being explored by the historiography for more than a hundred years

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Tree diversity and above-ground biomass in the South America Cerrado biome and their conservation implications

Less than half of the original two million square kilometers of the Cerrado vegetation remains standing, and there are still many uncertainties as to how to conserve and prioritize remaining areas effectively. A key limitation is the continuing lack of geographically-extensive evaluation of ecosystem-level properties across the biome. Here we sought to address this gap by comparing the woody vegetation of the typical cerrado of the Cerrado–Amazonia Transition with that of the core area of the Cerrado in terms of both tree diversity and vegetation biomass. We used 21 one-hectare plots in the transition and 18 in the core to compare key structural parameters (tree height, basal area, and above-ground biomass), and diversity metrics between the regions. We also evaluated the effects of temperature and precipitation on biomass, as well as explored the species diversity versus biomass relationship. We found, for the first time, both that the typical cerrado at the transition holds substantially more biomass than at the core, and that higher temperature and greater precipitation can explain this difference. By contrast, plot-level alpha diversity was almost identical in the two regions. Finally, contrary to some theoretical expectations, we found no positive relationship between species diversity and biomass for the Cerrado woody vegetation. This has implications for the development of effective conservation measures, given that areas with high biomass and importance for the compensation of greenhouse gas emissions are often not those with the greatest diversity

Lei geral de proteção de dados pessoais - LGPD

- Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à Lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra.- Localização na estante: 342.721:004.738.5(81) F676