LSHTM Open Access Guidance

On this page you can find the following guidance documents (Select the + to see all the files): - Open Access fact sheet - Funder OA policies - Open access discounts and waiver schemes - Open access tools fact sheet - Open access publishing policy - Elements Quick Start Guid

A reformkori Magyarország nevelésügye a sajtó tükrében = Press and pedagogy in Hungary during the Reformed Age

A most zárult kutatás keretében, (mely szerves folytatása az 1998-2002-es futamidejű OTKA kutatásomnak, mely a felvilágosodás kori magyar nevelésügyet vizsgálta a korabeli sajtó tükrében) nemzetközi együttműködéssel, teljességre törekedve feltártuk és feldolgoztuk a hazai reformkor időszakának teljes magyar nyelvű sajtóanyagából azokat a közleményeket, melyek a nevelésüggyel foglalkoztak. A magyarországi sajtó és a nevelésügy kapcsolata, és reformkori helyzete mindeddig feltáratlan terület volt. Arra kerestem a választ, hogy a lapok milyen módon közvetítették a neveléssel kapcsolatos új eszméket, a külföldi és hazai törekvéseket az olvasóiknak? Hogyan járult hozzá a sajtó az eszmék népszerűsítéséhez, hogyan próbálta meg a tájékoztatni és befolyásolni az olvasókat és az oktatásügy döntéshozóit egyes kérdésekben? Melyek voltak azok a legfőbb, nevelésügyet érintő területek, melyekkel a sajtó kiemelten foglakozott? Hatottak-e, és hogyan, a nevelés gyakorlatára a sajtóban megjelent írások? Olyan kérdések ezek, melyekre neveléstörténet-írásunk még nem adott kielégítő választ. Kutatásunkkal reményeink szerint hozzájárultunk a magyarországi nevelés reformkori történetének pontosabb, és az eddigiektől eltérő szempontú megismeréséhez. A kutatás időszakában két önálló kötet és 16 tanulmány jelent meg a kutatás témakörében a témavezető és munkatársainak tollából. Eredményinket nem csak publikációk formájában közöltük, hanem hazai és nemzetközi konferenciákon is bemutattuk. | This research is the continuation of my previous OTKA project that focused on the discourses in the press about the history of Hungarian education in the Era of Enlightenment. This project in joint international cooperation analyzed all the materials from the contemporary press that were relevant to, or about education. My central question was how the journals mediated the new ideas, principles, foreign and national endeavors to the Hungarian readers at that time. What knowledge did the readers learn, who were interested in contemporary problems, including the field of education as well? How did the Press contribute to the popularization of ideas, and how did it try to inform and influence the readers and the decision-makers? Which were the fields that were considered as very important from the point of the Press? Did the published writings, and if yes how, influence the practice of education? These questions have not been answered yet. Therefore this current project aimed to answer these questions based on contemporary primary sources. 2 volumes and 16 studies have been published from the field by the researchers. Besides not only have the texts been published, but they also have been presented at various conferences both abroad and in Hungary

Reliability assessment of ultrasound muscle echogenicity in patients with rheumatic diseases: Results of a multicenter international web-based study

ObjectivesTo investigate the inter/intra-reliability of ultrasound (US) muscle echogenicity in patients with rheumatic diseases.MethodsForty-two rheumatologists and 2 radiologists from 13 countries were asked to assess US muscle echogenicity of quadriceps muscle in 80 static images and 20 clips from 64 patients with different rheumatic diseases and 8 healthy subjects. Two visual scales were evaluated, a visual semi-quantitative scale (0–3) and a continuous quantitative measurement (“VAS echogenicity,” 0–100). The same assessment was repeated to calculate intra-observer reliability. US muscle echogenicity was also calculated by an independent research assistant using a software for the analysis of scientific images (ImageJ). Inter and intra reliabilities were assessed by means of prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted Kappa (PABAK), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and correlations through Kendall’s Tau and Pearson’s Rho coefficients.ResultsThe semi-quantitative scale showed a moderate inter-reliability [PABAK = 0.58 (0.57–0.59)] and a substantial intra-reliability [PABAK = 0.71 (0.68–0.73)]. The lowest inter and intra-reliability results were obtained for the intermediate grades (i.e., grade 1 and 2) of the semi-quantitative scale. “VAS echogenicity” showed a high reliability both in the inter-observer [ICC = 0.80 (0.75–0.85)] and intra-observer [ICC = 0.88 (0.88–0.89)] evaluations. A substantial association was found between the participants assessment of the semi-quantitative scale and “VAS echogenicity” [ICC = 0.52 (0.50–0.54)]. The correlation between these two visual scales and ImageJ analysis was high (tau = 0.76 and rho = 0.89, respectively).ConclusionThe results of this large, multicenter study highlighted the overall good inter and intra-reliability of the US assessment of muscle echogenicity in patients with different rheumatic diseases

The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC

ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries. Its overall dimensions are 161626 m3 with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008

Publishing Open Access - Interactive Guide

Use this tool as a guide to navigate you through making your work Open Access. Learn about the REF 2021 Open Access Policy, LSHTM’s Open Access Policy, and the policies of your funders, including those making up COAF (like the Wellcome Trust, British Heart Foundation, and Cancer Research UK) and RCUK/UKRI. For RCUK funded work, the School will be unable to provide RCUK-funded researchers with funds to cover the costs of publishing once this year’s allocation have been spent. For further details, please see our blog posts: ‘Important update on the RCUK open access block grant’ (May 2018) and ‘RCUK open access funding update’ (Mar 2018). The School also manages a block grant from the Charity Open Access Fund, which this tool introduces

Parameters influencing hand grip strength measured with the manugraphy system

Abstract Background This study aimed to determine whether sex, hand length and the individual training status affect hand strength and whether these measurements differ if they are recorded using the Jamar dynamometer or a new cylindrical measuring system. Methods For this purpose, 152 healthy adults were examined using a new manugraphy measuring system (novel, Munich, Germany) comprising two measuring cylinders of different sizes and a Jamar electronic dynamometer with two grip positions corresponding approximately to the sizes of the cylinders. A descriptive analysis was performed as well as a correlation analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient. To prepare predictive models, multiple linear regression analyses were carried out to determine factors that influence the force and p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A significant difference in the maximum and mean strength was observed that is dependent on sex, with men stronger than women, in line with expectations, and hand length, with small hands able to exert less force than large hands. No consistent increase in strength could be attributed to repetitive manual loads applied either at work or in leisure activities. Conclusions Both measurement techniques yielded similar results, suggesting that manugraphy is well suited for clinical research purposes because it not only takes measurements that are just as reproducible and valid as the conventional measurement technique but in doing so measures not just the total strength of a hand but also enables more precise comparisons of isolated hand regions applying dynamic measurements

Neuroprotective effects of physical exercise: Implications in health and disease

Physical exercises have long been linked to numerous health improvements, ranging from cardiovascular to psychiatric. In this review, we take a closer look on its anatomical, physiological and chemical effects on the brain. Starting from the clinical to the cellular level, we will analyze the neurogenesis, anti-inflammatory effects on Brain-Blood Barrier and synaptic plasticity, outlining known molecular aspects that are influenced by physical activity, such as: gene expression, changes of growth factors and neurotransmitter levels and means of reverting molecular mechanisms of ageing. The brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the central molecules that links the physical exercise to neurogenesis, neuroprotection, cognitive functions, dendritic growth, memory formation and many more. We indicate the correlation between physical activity and mental health in diseases like depression, Alzheimer’s dementia and Parkinson’s disease

Maternal low-calorie sweeteners consumption rewires hypothalamic melanocortin circuits via a gut microbial co-metabolite pathway

The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is growing at an alarming rate, including among pregnant women. Low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) have increasingly been used as an alternative to sugar to deliver a sweet taste without the excessive caloric load. However, there is little evidence regarding their biological effects, particularly during development. Here, we used a mouse model of maternal LCS consumption to explore the impact of perinatal LCS exposure on the development of neural systems involved in metabolic regulation. We report that adult male, but not female, offspring from both aspartame- and rebaudioside A-exposed dams displayed increased adiposity and developed glucose intolerance. Moreover, maternal LCS consumption reorganized hypothalamic melanocortin circuits and disrupted parasympathetic innervation of pancreatic islets in male offspring. We then identified phenylacetylglycine (PAG) as a unique metabolite that was upregulated in the milk of LCS-fed dams and the serum of their pups. Furthermore, maternal PAG treatment recapitulated some of the key metabolic and neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with maternal LCS consumption. Together, our data indicate that maternal LCS consumption has enduring consequences on the offspring's metabolism and neural development and that these effects are likely to be mediated through the gut microbial co-metabolite PAG