Computational Methods of Lattice Boltzmann Mhd

Lattice Boltzmann (LB) Methods are a somewhat novel approach to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. These methods simulate Navier-Stokes and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations on the mesoscopic (quasi-kinetic) scale by solving for a statistical distribution of particles rather than attempting to solve the nonlinear macroscopic equations directly. These LB methods allow for a highly parallelizable code since one replaces the difficult nonlinear convective derivatives of MHD by simple linear advection on a lattice. New developments in LB have significantly extended the numerical stability limits of its applicability. These developments include multiple relaxation times (MRT) in the collision operators, maximizing entropy to ensure positive definiteness in the distribution functions, as well as large eddy simulations of MHD turbulence. Improving the limits of this highly parallelizable simulation method allows it to become an ideal candidate for simulating various fluid and plasma problems; improving both the speed of the simulation and the spatial grid resolution of the LB algorithms on today\u27s high performance supercomputers. Some of these LB extensions are discussed and tested against various problems in magnetized plasmas

Target Drug Exposure Attainment in Children: How to Get from Better to Best

status: publishe

Pitfalls and Guidelines for Using Time-Based Git Data

Many software engineering research papers rely on time-based data (e.g., commit timestamps, issue report creation/update/close dates, release dates). Like most real-world data however, time-based data is often dirty. To date, there are no studies that quantify how frequently such data is used by the software engineering research community, or investigate sources of and quantify how often such data is dirty. Depending on the research task and method used, including such dirty data could aect the research results. This paper presents an extended survey of papers that utilize time-based data, published in the Mining Software Repositories (MSR) conference series. Out of the 754 technical track and data papers published in MSR 2004{2021, we saw at least 290 (38%) papers utilized time-based data. We also observed that most time-based data used in research papers comes in the form of Git commits, often from GitHub. Based on those results, we then used the Boa and Software Heritage infrastructures to help identify and quantify several sources of dirty Git timestamp data. Finally we provide guidelines/best practices for researchers utilizing time-based data from Git repositories

Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy in Preterm Infants : Aiming at a moving target

Premature born infants require intensive care with many drugs. For most drugs knowledge is lacking on the correct dosage, the effects and the side-effects. This leads to large differences in prescribed drugs for treatment of premature born infants, found by comparing four Dutch hospitals as part of this dissertation. This could be improved through more consensus between hospitals on the optimal treatment, and through extensive research into optimal dosage regimens for preterm born infants. ZonMw has granted this research to close the knowledge gap with four Dutch hospitals; Máxima MC - Veldhoven, Radboudumc - Nijmegen, MaastrichtUMC - Maastricht, ErasmusMC – Rotterdam. This enabled to study 9 frequently prescribed drugs in preterm born infants; paracetamol, fentanyl, phenobarbital, doxapram, ibuprofen, midazolam, fluconazole, sildenafil and levetiracetam. The first five have been described in this dissertation. The drug amounts could be measured in a very small blood volume, and the effects were studied with appropriate instruments for these patients. Premature born infants showed to eliminate paracetamol, fentanyl, phenobarbital, doxapram and ibuprofen slower at lower gestational age than at higher gestational age. After birth, the elimination of drugs increased with age. This means that it is no longer appropriate to prescribe one dose per kilogram bodyweight for all premature born infants, but dosage regimens should take gestational age into account, as well as bodyweight, and age after birth. Consequently, the smallest premature born infants may have been overtreated with drugs. This study defined improved dosage regimens of the studied drugs for treatment of premature born infants. Furthermore, good tools for effect measurement in premature born infants have been used successfully, despite the fact that the measurement of effects and side-effects is very complicated in these patients

Quantification of Acetaminophen and Its Metabolites in Plasma Using UPLC-MS: Doors Open to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Special Patient Populations

Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND: Acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol) is the most commonly used drug for pain and fever in both the United States and Europe and is considered safe when used at registered dosages. Nevertheless, differences between specific populations lead to remarkable changes in exposure to potentially toxic metabolites. Furthermore, extended knowledge is required on metabolite formation after intoxication, to optimize antidote treatment. Therefore, the authors aimed to develop and validate a quick and easy analytical method for simultaneous quantification of APAP, APAP-glucuronide, APAP-sulfate, APAP-cysteine, APAP-glutathione, APAP-mercapturate, and protein-derived APAP-cysteine in human plasma by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. METHODS: The internal standard was APAP-D4 for all analytes. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a reversed-phase Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography HSS T3 column with a runtime of only 4.5 minutes per injected sample. Gradient elution was performed with a mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate, formic acid in Milli-Q ultrapure water or in methanol at flow rate of 0.4 mL/minute. RESULTS: A plasma volume of only 10 muL was required to achieve both adequate accuracy and precision. Calibration curves of all 6 analytes were linear. All analytes were stable for at least 48 hours in the autosampler; the high quality control of APAP-glutathione was stable for 24 hours. The method was validated according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: This method allows quantification of APAP and 6 metabolites, which serves purposes for research, as well as therapeutic drug monitoring. The advantage of this method is the combination of minimal injection volume, a short runtime, an easy sample preparation method, and the ability to quantify APAP and all 6 metabolites

Modelling the emergent dynamics and major metabolites of the human colonic microbiota

Funded by Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS) Acknowledgements We would like to thank Thanasis Vogogias, David Nutter and Alec Mann for their assistance in developing the software for this model. We also acknowledge the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS) for their financial support. Furthermore,many thanks go to the two anonymous reviewers whose hard work has greatly improved this paper.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A novel method for the preparation of non-agglomerated nanometre sized particles of lanthanum phosphate phosphors utilising a high surface area support in the firing process

This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012A convenient method is described that uses a quartz wool substrate to immobilise nanometre sized phosphor precursor particles enabling them to be fired at high temperature without sintering/agglomeration. The nanometre sized phosphor particles are easily removed from the substrate by re-dispersion into liquid for subsequent use.Biotechnology and biological sciences research council (BBSRC