1,008 research outputs found
Re-evaluating local government amalgamations: Utility maximisation meets the principle of double effect (PDE)
Public policy debates are often dominated by economic analysis of aggregate financial benefit. However, public policy formulated on this basis is frequently regarded as profoundly unsatisfactory by stakeholders. Focusing upon municipal amalgamation, this paper provides an alternative framework for public policy analysis which emphasises the importance of intent, process and uncertainty in decision making. We contend that an approach of this type better accommodates public opinion on contentious policy reform. Moreover, it reminds policy makers that even the most admirable economic outcome must still be achieved through a morally licit process
Using Artificial Populations to Study Psychological Phenomena in Neural Models
The recent proliferation of research into transformer based natural language
processing has led to a number of studies which attempt to detect the presence
of human-like cognitive behavior in the models. We contend that, as is true of
human psychology, the investigation of cognitive behavior in language models
must be conducted in an appropriate population of an appropriate size for the
results to be meaningful. We leverage work in uncertainty estimation in a novel
approach to efficiently construct experimental populations. The resultant tool,
PopulationLM, has been made open source. We provide theoretical grounding in
the uncertainty estimation literature and motivation from current cognitive
work regarding language models. We discuss the methodological lessons from
other scientific communities and attempt to demonstrate their application to
two artificial population studies. Through population based experimentation we
find that language models exhibit behavior consistent with typicality effects
among categories highly represented in training. However, we find that language
models don't tend to exhibit structural priming effects. Generally, our results
show that single models tend to over estimate the presence of cognitive
behaviors in neural models
Senior Recital: Muhsin Quraishi, saxophone, clarinet, flute
This recital is presented in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree Bachelor of Music in Performance. Mr. Quraishi studies saxophone with Sam Skelton.https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/musicprograms/2084/thumbnail.jp
Privacy Considerations when Designing Social Network Systems to Support Successful Ageing
A number of interventions exist to support older adults in ageing well and these typically involve support for an active and sociable ageing process. We set out to examine the privacy implications of an intervention that would monitor mobility and share lifestyle and health data with a community of trusted others. We took a privacy-by-design approach to the system in the early stages of its development, working with older adults to firstly understand their networks of trust and secondly understand their privacy concerns should information be exchanged across that network. We used a Johari Windows framework in the thematic analysis of our data, concluding that the social sharing of information in later life carried significant risk. Our participants worried about the social signaling associated with data sharing and were cautious about a system that had the potential to disrupt established networks
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Miscommunication in Doctor-Patient Communication
The effectiveness of medical treatment depends on the quality of the patientâclinician relationship. It has been proposed that this depends on the extent to which the patient and clinician build a shared understanding of illness and treatment. Here, we use the tools of conversation analysis (CA) to explore this idea in the context of psychiatric consultations. The CA ârepairâ framework provides an analysis of the processes people use to deal with problems in speaking, hearing, and understanding. These problems are especially critical in the treatment of psychosis where patients and health care professionals need to communicate about the disputed meaning of hallucinations and delusion. Patients do not feel understood, they are frequently nonâadherent with treatment, and many have poor outcomes. We present an overview of two studies focusing on the role of repair as a mechanism for producing and clarifying meaning in psychiatristâpatient communication and its association with treatment outcomes. The first study shows patient clarification or repair of psychiatristsâ talk is associated with better patient adherence to treatment. The second study shows that training which emphasizes the importance of building an understanding of patientsâ psychotic experiences increases psychiatristsâ selfârepair. We propose that psychiatrists are working harder to make their talk understandable and acceptable to the patient by taking the patient's perspective into account. We conclude that these findings provide evidence that repair is an important mechanism for building shared understanding in doctorâpatient communication and contributes to better therapeutic relationships and treatment adherence. The conversation analytic account of repair is currently the most sophisticated empirical model for analyzing how people construct shared meaning and understanding. Repair appears to reflect greater commitment to and engagement in communication and improve both the quality and outcomes of communication. Reducing potential miscommunication between psychiatrists and their patients with psychosis is a lowâcost means of enhancing treatment from both the psychiatrist and patient perspective. Given that misunderstanding and miscommunication are particularly problematic in psychosis, this is critical for improving the longer term outcomes of treatment for these patients who often have poor relationships with psychiatrists and health care services more widely
The City of Brewer, Maine - Centennial 1889-1989
https://digitalmaine.com/brewer_books/1000/thumbnail.jp
Development of a cost effective automated platform to produce human liver spheroids for basic and applied research
Spots & stripes: pleomorphic patterning of stem cells via p-ERK-depenendent cell chemotaxis shown by feather morphogenesis & mathematical simulation
A key issue in stem cell biology is the differentiation of homogeneous stem cells towards different fates which are also organized into desired configurations. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the process of periodic patterning. Feather explants offer a fundamental and testable model in which multi-potential cells are organized into hexagonally arranged primordia and the spacing between primordia. Previous work explored roles of a Turing reactionâdiffusion mechanism in establishing chemical patterns. Here we show that a continuum of feather patterns, ranging from stripes to spots, can be obtained when the level of p-ERK activity is adjusted with chemical inhibitors. The patterns are dose-dependent, tissue stage-dependent, and irreversible. Analyses show that ERK activity-dependent mesenchymal cell chemotaxis is essential for converting micro-signaling centers into stable feather primordia. A mathematical model based on short-range activation, long-range inhibition, and cell chemotaxis is developed and shown to simulate observed experimental results. This generic cell behavior model can be applied to model stem cell patterning behavior at large
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