Antecedentes y perspectivas de algunas enfermedades prioritarias que afectan a la ganadería bovina en México

The review focused on concisely presenting the contributions that INIFAP researchers have developed, directly or in collaboration with researchers from other institutions, on different aspects of the diseases that affect cattle farming in Mexico. It describes the research on viral diseases such as rabies and bovine viral diarrhea; bacterial diseases such as anaplasmosis, brucellosis, tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, leptospirosis and bovine respiratory disease, and among parasitic diseases, tick infestation and babesiosis. It identifies potential lines of research that can help mitigate the impact of diseases on production. It considers contributions on the development or adaptation of serological and molecular diagnostic techniques and the diagnosis of resistance to ixodicides. In addition, it indicates epidemiological parameters of the diseases and makes reference to the biologics generated, which include vaccines against rabies, anaplasmosis and babesiosis; bacterin against leptospirosis, and a bacterin-toxoid against pneumonia. It also discusses the evaluations of the use of BCG against tuberculosis and a new generation vaccine against brucellosis. The review concludes that the research of INIFAP in animal health must necessarily have the omic sciences as a perspective. This is the only way to complement the understanding of disease mechanisms, the development of new diagnostic techniques and the design of effective and safe vaccines. Therefore, the great challenge will be the involvement of the animal health area in the concept of "One Health".La revisión se enfocó en presentar de manera concisa las aportaciones que investigadores del INIFAP, han desarrollado directamente o en colaboración con investigadores de otras instituciones sobre diferentes aspectos de las enfermedades que afectan a la ganadería bovina en México. Se describen investigaciones sobre enfermedades virales como la rabia y la diarrea viral bovina; bacterianas como la anaplasmosis, brucelosis, tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, leptospirosis y enfermedad respiratoria bovina; de las enfermedades parasitarias se incluye a la infestación por garrapatas y a la babesiosis. Se identifican posibles líneas de investigación que pueden coadyuvar a mitigar el impacto de las enfermedades en la producción. Se señalan aportes sobre el desarrollo o adaptación de técnicas diagnósticas de tipo serológico y molecular y se considera el diagnóstico de resistencia a los ixodicidas. Además, se indican parámetros epidemiológicos de las enfermedades y se refieren los biológicos generados que comprenden vacuna contra rabia, anaplasmosis y babesiosis; bacterina contra leptospirosis y una bacterina-toxoide contra neumonías. Asimismo, se comentan las evaluaciones del uso de BCG contra tuberculosis y una vacuna de nueva generación contra la brucelosis. En la revisión se concluye que la investigación del INIFAP en salud animal debe forzosamente tener como perspectiva las ciencias ómicas. Solo así se complementará el entendimiento de los mecanismos de las enfermedades, el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas diagnósticas y el diseño de vacunas efectivas y seguras. De modo que el gran reto será el involucramiento del área de salud animal al concepto de "Una Salud"

Desarrollo multidisciplinario en investigación y docencia del centro universitario UAEM Valle de México

DESARROLLO MULTIDISCIPLINARIO EN INVESTIGACIÓN Y DOCENCIA DEL CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO UAEM VALLE DE MÉXICOLa Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México ha evolucionado a través de sus 188 años de historia, dedicada a la educación, la investigación, la cultura y el deporte, como sus grandes ejes rectores, formadora de hombres y mujeres con un alto sentido humanista y ético, contribuyendo a lograr nuevas y mejores formas de existencia y convivencia social. Durante el proceso de desconcentración de la UAEM, se crearon las Unidades Académicas y Centros Universitarios para brindar el servicio de educación a más jóvenes en todo el Estado de México, este Centro Universitario fue uno de los primeros y a sus veinte años de existencia se está consolidando como uno de los mejores. Es en los últimos años que se ha venido impulsando la investigación al contar con cuerpos académicos, en formación y en consolidación, con infraestructura de primera tanto en equipo como en laboratorios especializados, con profesores de tiempo completo que participan en congresos, seminarios y presentan publicaciones en revistas indexadas. Por ello para celebrar esos veinte años de existencia de esta honorable institución, se planeó la compilación de esta obra que es parte del quehacer multidisciplinario en investigación y docencia como parte del Plan de Desarrollo 2013-2017, de esta administración. Esta obra reúne investigaciones tanto de profesores como de alumnos desde las diferentes ramas del saber en las que se inscriben sus siete licenciaturas, Actuaría, Administración, Contaduría, Derecho, Economía, Relaciones Económicas Internacionales e Informática Administrativa, tanto presencial como a distancia, así como sus tres ingenierías, Industrial, en Computación y Sistemas y Comunicaciones, así como gracias a la vinculación y colaboración académico – científica que se tiene con otras instituciones de educación superior a nivel nacional, como el Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba, la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Universidad Politécnica de Victoria, el Instituto Politécnico Nacional entre otras. En el capítulo 1 se abordan seis temáticas diferentes de vanguardia en el área de las Ingenierías, en los capítulos 2 y 3 se incluyen temas de interés y gran relevancia en materia de ciencias sociales, política y economía. Se hace extensivo un reconocimiento para todos los que participaron tanto en la revisión de los trabajos, como en la compilación del producto final de este Libro intitulado “Desarrollo Multidisciplinario en Investigación y Docencia del Centro Universitario UAEM Valle de México”

Consenso mexicano para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica en adolescentes y adultos

Abstract Background: The diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies of atopic dermatitis (AD) are generally inconsistent among physicians and health institutions. Objective: To develop a consensus statement among experts to reduce the variations in practice regarding the diagnosis and treatment of patients ≥ 12 years with AD to improve their care. Methods: Systematic literature search in PubMed and GREAT. With methodological support and using the Delphi method, a formal consensus was developed among 16 experts in Dermatology and Allergology, based on the current evidence and its applicability in the Mexican context. Apart from intense electronic communication, several issues of disagreement were discussed in two face-to-face meetings. Results: The clinical experts reached consensus on 46 statements related to the definition, classification, diagnostic strategies and treatment of AD. For the diagnosis we suggest the Williams criteria and for severity scoring the SCORAD (by the doctor) and POEM (by the patient). In addition to general care and treatment education (workshops), we suggest four steps for treatment, depending on severity: 1. Topical treatment with anti-inflammatory agents (and systemic: antihistamines/antileukotrienes —low level evidence—) 2. Phototherapy, 3. Cyclosporin A and 4. Dupilumab, with the possibility of managing this biological earlier on if a fast effect is needed. In extrinsic AD we suggest evaluating the addition of allergen immunotherapy or an elimination diet, if there is an IgE-mediated respiratory or food allergy, respectively. Conclusion: The panel of experts reached consensus on relevant aspects of AD with a focus on the transcultural adaptation of recent evidence. Keywords: Atopic dermatitis; Atopic dermatitis treatment; Consensus; Cyclosporin A; Biological treatment; Dupilumab; Omalizumab. Resumen Antecedentes: Los abordajes diagnósticos y las estrategias terapéuticas de la dermatitis atópica generalmente son inconsistentes entre los médicos y entre las instituciones de salud. Objetivo: Consensar las opiniones de expertos para reducir las variaciones en la práctica respecto al diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes ≥ 12 años con dermatitis atópica para mejorar su cuidado. Métodos: Búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en PubMed y GREAT. Con apoyo metodológico y utilizando el método Delphi se desarrolló un consenso formal entre 16 expertos en dermatología y alergología, basándose en la evidencia actual y su aplicabilidad en el contexto mexicano. A parte de una comunicación electrónica intensa, se discutieron los puntos en desacuerdo en dos reuniones presenciales. Resultados: Los expertos clínicos alcanzaron consenso en 46 declaraciones relacionadas con la definición, clasificación, estrategias de diagnóstico y tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica. Para el diagnóstico sugerimos se usan los criterios de Williams y el SCORAD (por parte del médico) y POEM (por parte del paciente) para definir la gravedad. Aunado a cuidados generales y educación terapéutica, sugerimos cuatro pasos para tratamiento, según gravedad: 1. Manejo tópico con antiinflamatorio (y sistémico: antihistamínico/ antileucotrieno —evidencia reducida—) 2. Fototerapia, 3. Ciclosporina A y 4. Dupilumab, con la posibilidad de manejarlo antes si se necesita efecto rápido. En la dermatitis atópica extrínseca sugerimos agregar inmunoterapia con alérgenos o una dieta de eliminación si existe una alergia IgE-mediada, inhalatoria o alimentaria, respectivamente. Conclusión: El panel de expertos realizó consenso en aspectos relevantes de la dermatitis atópica con enfoque en la adaptación transcultural de evidencia reciente. Palabras clave: Dermatitis atópica; Ciclosporina A; Tratamiento biológico; Dupilumab; Omalizumab; Posición de consenso

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

254 pags:, 44 figs.The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has two scientific objectives of cosmological focus: to probe the expansion rate of the universe, and to understand stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and their implications for early universe and particle physics, from the MeV to the Planck scale. However, the range of potential cosmological applications of gravitational-wave observations extends well beyond these two objectives. This publication presents a summary of the state of the art in LISA cosmology, theory and methods, and identifies new opportunities to use gravitational-wave observations by LISA to probe the universe.This work is partly supported by: A.G. Leventis Foundation; Academy of Finland Grants 328958 and 345070; Alexander S. Onassis Foundation, Scholarship ID: FZO 059-1/2018-2019; Amaldi Research Center funded by the MIUR program “Dipartimento di Eccellenza” (CUP: B81I18001170001); ASI Grants No. 2016-24-H.0 and No. 2016-24-H.1-2018; Atracción de Talento Grant 2019-T1/TIC-15784; Atracción de Talento contract no. 2019-T1/TIC-13177 granted by the Comunidad de Madrid; Ayuda ‘Beatriz Galindo Senior’ by the Spanish ‘Ministerio de Universidades’, Grant BG20/00228; Basque Government Grant (IT-979-16); Belgian Francqui Foundation; Centre national d’Etudes spatiales; Ben Gurion University Kreitman Fellowship, and the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities (IASH) & Council for Higher Education (CHE) Excellence Fellowship Program for International Postdoctoral Researchers; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program SEV-2016-0597; CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya; Cluster of Excellence “Precision Physics, Fundamental Interactions, and Structure of Matter” (PRISMA? EXC 2118/1); Comunidad de Madrid, Contrato de Atracción de Talento 2017-T1/TIC-5520; Czech Science Foundation GAČR, Grant No. 21-16583M; Delta ITP consortium; Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-SC0008541, DE-SC0009919 and DESC0019195; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Project ID 438947057; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2121 Quantum Universe - 390833306; European Structural and Investment Funds and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Project CoGraDS - CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15 003/0000437); European Union’s H2020 ERC Consolidator Grant “GRavity from Astrophysical to Microscopic Scales” (Grant No. GRAMS-815673); European Union’s H2020 ERC, Starting Grant Agreement No. DarkGRA-757480; European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 860881 (ITN HIDDeN); European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme Grant No. 796961, “AxiBAU” (K.S.); European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research Council grant 724659 MassiveCosmo ERC-2016-COG; FCT through national funds (PTDC/FIS-PAR/31938/2017) and through project “BEYLA – BEYond LAmbda” with Ref. Number PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021; FEDER-Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI-01-0145- FEDER-031938) and research Grants UIDB/04434/2020 and UIDP/04434/2020; Fondation CFM pour la Recherche in France; Foundation for Education and European Culture in Greece; French ANR project MMUniverse (ANR-19-CE31-0020); FRIA Grant No.1.E.070.19F of the Belgian Fund for Research, F.R. S.-FNRS Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through Contract No. DL 57/2016/CP1364/ CT0001; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through Grants UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/ 2020, PTDC/FIS-OUT/29048/2017, CERN/FIS-PAR/0037/2019 and “CosmoTests – Cosmological tests of gravity theories beyond General Relativity” CEECIND/00017/2018; Generalitat Valenciana Grant PROMETEO/2021/083; Grant No. 758792, project GEODESI; Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development and Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Colleges and Universities; Grants-in-Aid for JSPS Overseas Research Fellow (No. 201960698); I?D Grant PID2020-118159GB-C41 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; INFN iniziativa specifica TEONGRAV; Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 2562/20); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Nos. 20H01899 and 20H05853; IFT Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Grant SEV-2; Kavli Foundation and its founder Fred Kavli; Minerva Foundation; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion Grant PID2020-113644GB-I00; NASA Grant 80NSSC19K0318; NASA Hubble Fellowship grants No. HST-HF2-51452.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute with NASA contract NAS5-26555; Netherlands Organisation for Science and Research (NWO) Grant Number 680-91-119; new faculty seed start-up grant of the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, the Core Research Grant CRG/2018/002200 of the Science and Engineering; NSF Grants PHY-1820675, PHY-2006645 and PHY-2011997; Polish National Science Center Grant 2018/31/D/ ST2/02048; Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange within the Polish Returns Programme under Agreement PPN/PPO/2020/1/00013/U/00001; Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) under Grant No. 28359; Ramón y Cajal Fellowship contract RYC-2017-23493; Research Project PGC2018-094773-B-C32 [MINECO-FEDER]; Research Project PGC2018-094773-B-C32 [MINECO-FEDER]; ROMFORSK Grant Project. No. 302640; Royal Society Grant URF/R1/180009 and ERC StG 949572: SHADE; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation (SRNSF) of Georgia (Grant FR/18-1462); Simons Foundation/SFARI 560536; SNSF Ambizione grant; SNSF professorship Grant (No. 170547); Spanish MINECO’s “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” Programme Grants SEV-2016- 0597 and PID2019-110058GB-C22; Spanish Ministry MCIU/AEI/FEDER Grant (PGC2018-094626-BC21); Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-115845GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033); Spanish Proyectos de I?D via Grant PGC2018-096646-A-I00; STFC Consolidated Grant ST/T000732/1; STFC Consolidated Grants ST/P000762/1 and ST/T000791/1; STFC Grant ST/ S000550/1; STFC Grant ST/T000813/1; STFC Grants ST/P000762/1 and ST/T000791/1; STFC under the research Grant ST/P000258/1; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), project The Non-Gaussian Universe and Cosmological Symmetries, Project Number: 200020-178787; Swiss National Science Foundation Professorship Grants No. 170547 and No. 191957; SwissMap National Center for Competence in Research; “The Dark Universe: A Synergic Multi-messenger Approach” Number 2017X7X85K under the MIUR program PRIN 2017; UK Space Agency; UKSA Flagship Project, Euclid.Peer reviewe

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Prevalence and associated risk factors for Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections among children of northwest Mexico: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are responsible for gastrointestinal infections worldwide. Contaminated food, feces, drinking water and predictors such as poverty, cultural and behavioral aspects have been involved in their transmission. Published studies about these infections are limited in Mexico. Cananea, Sonora is located in northwest Mexico and is one of the regions with the lowest marginalization index in the Sonora state. However, its rate of gastrointestinal infections increased from 48.7/1000 in 2003 to 77.9/1000 in 2010 in the general population. It was estimated that the prevalence of giardiasis can range from 20 to 30% in the Sonoran childhood population. However, the prevalence of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are unknown in Cananea, Sonora and they are likely contributing to its gastrointestinal infections rates. Methods A total of 173 children (average age 8.8 ± 2.8 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measurements and stool analysis were performed. Socioeconomic, cultural and symptomatology information were collected. The association between the risk factors and intestinal parasitic infections was analyzed by multivariate analysis using the STATA/SE package at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results More than half of the children (n = 103, 60%) had intestinal parasitic infections. Cryptosporidium spp. showed the highest prevalence (n = 47, 27%), which was followed by G. intestinalis (n = 40, 23%). Children with giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis had lower H/A and BMI/A Z scores than children who were free of these infections. Children with giardiasis were at higher risk (OR = 4.0; 95%CI = 1.11–13.02; p = 0.030) of reporting abdominal pain, and children who drank tap water were at higher risk (OR = 5.0; 95% CI = 1.41–17.20; p = 0.012) of cryptosporidiosis. Conclusions This was the first epidemiological study conducted in children in the region of Cananea, Sonora in northwest Mexico. The findings revealed a high prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis, and their interactions with multiple risk factors were investigated. This study suggested that giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis may play an important role as causative factors of gastrointestinal diseases in the study region. Regional authorities must analyze water for human consumption to search for Cryptosporidium spp. and G. intestinalis

Pensamiento político y genealogía de la dignidad en América Latina

El libro contiene el desarrollo de preocupaciones estrechamente vinculadas, como son los conceptos de ciudadanía, democracia, derechos humanos e interculturaliad desde Latino-américa. El supuesto más importante que lo recorre, a pesar de los distintos enfoques que el lector podrá constatar, es el que sostiene la necesidad de ubicar los procesos propios del poder en nuestra región como condición para interpretar su relación con los pueblos originarios indígenas