ESTUDO DA ADSORÇÃO DE CHUMBO EM MEIO AQUOSO EMPREGANDO A CASCA DE LARANJA TRATADA COM ÁCIDO COMO ADSORVENTE

A água é considerada como sendo uma substância vital, constituindo a base para a preservação dos ecossistemas e da vida na Terra. Porém, apesar de já ter sido reconhecida como recurso ilimitado, apenas 0,3% de toda água no planeta está acessível e pode ser consumida direta da natureza, estimando-se que, em 2050, quase metade da população mundial não tenha acesso a água potável, pois o homem tem ampliado de forma abusiva o uso e a retirada de recursos hídricos da natureza (AITH; ROTHBARTH, 2015; OLIVO; ISHIKI, 2014). Não obstante, observa-se uma ampla contaminação química da água por metais tóxicos devido ao processo de industrialização (CORTI, 2004), sendo que diversos problemas ambientais quanto à contaminação estão relacionados com o chumbo

Polymerase chain reaction for soybean detection in heat processed meat products.

Since vegetable proteins are considerably cheaper than muscle proteins, they are frequently used as meat extenders in order to reduce the cost of the final product. Due to several interesting characteristics, soybean is reported to be the most widely used vegetable protein in the meat industry. Nevertheless, soybean is included in the group of 12 ingredients potentially allergenic, which should therefore be labelled according to the Codex Alimentarius FAO/WHO and the European Commission (Directive 2003/89/EC). In fact, it has been described that amounts of soy bellow 0.1% and 1% (w/w) can lead to allergic reactions in sensitive consumers (1)

HIDROGEOMORFOMETRIA E DINÂMICA DA COBERTURA DO SOLO DA MICROBACIA DO RIO SORRISO, AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL, BRASIL

Information on landscape features in microbasins is essential for proper land use planning. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the hydrogeomorphometric characteristics and the dynamics of the soil cover of the Sorriso river microbasin, municipality of Vilhena/RO, using geotechnologies and equations. The microbasin has an area of 6.21 km2, perimeter of 11.81 km, intermediate form, low to medium susceptibility to floods, altitudes of 253 to 332 m, predominance of wavy relief, 81.96% of the area is classified as low influence on the propagation of fires and suitable to extremely suitable for agricultural mechanization, 5th order dendritic drainage pattern, very high densities of springs and drainage, maintenance coefficient of 197.8 m2 m-1, straight main channel and concentration time of 1.25 h. In the period from 1984 to 2022, the agricultural area grew, reaching 90.98% of the total area of the microbasin and 85.92% of the total area of the riparian zone. It is concluded that the microbasin has the potential for the development of agricultural, forestry and fish farming activities, however, the excessive advance of agriculture on the native forest in the microbasin and on the riparian zone compromises water resources, and, consequently, sustainable development. of the aforementioned activities. Thus, an integrated planning is recommended to conserve water resources, through the recovery of native vegetation in the riparian zone and in part of the microbasin (examples: agroforestry systems, agrosilvopastoral and reforestation), and the adoption of conservationist practices in agricultural systems.La información de las características del paisaje en las microcuencas es fundamental para la adecuada planificación del uso del suelo. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar las características hidrogeomorfométricas y la dinámica de la cobertura del suelo en la cuenca del río Sorriso, municipio de Vilhena/RO, utilizando geotecnologías y ecuaciones. La microcuenca tiene una superficie de 6,21 km2, un perímetro de 11,81 km, forma intermedia, susceptibilidad baja a media a las inundaciones, altitudes de 253 a 332 m, predominio del relieve ondulado, el 81,96% de la superficie está clasificada como de baja influencia en la propagación de incendios y de apta a extremadamente apta para la mecanización agrícola, patrón de drenaje dendrítico de 5º orden, densidad de manantiales y drenaje muy alta, coeficiente de mantenimiento de 197,8 m2 m-1, canal principal recto y tiempo de concentración de 1,25 h. En el período comprendido entre 1984 y 2022, el crecimiento de la superficie agrícola se produjo, alcanzando el 90,98% de la superficie total de la cuenca y el 85,92% de la superficie total de la zona ribereña. Se concluye que la cuenca tiene potencial para el desarrollo de actividades agropecuarias, forestales y piscícolas, sin embargo, el avance excesivo de la agricultura sobre el bosque nativo de la cuenca y la zona ribereña compromete los recursos hídricos y, en consecuencia, el desarrollo sostenible de estas actividades. Por ello, se recomienda una planificación integrada para conservar los recursos hídricos.As informações das características da paisagem em microbacias são fundamentais para o planejamento adequado do uso da terra. Diante disso, objetivou-se com esse trabalho analisar as características hidrogeomorfométricas e a dinâmica da cobertura do solo da microbacia do rio Sorriso, município de Vilhena/RO, utilizando geotecnologias e equações. A microbacia tem área de 6,21 km2, perímetro de 11,81 km, forma intermediária, baixa a média susceptibilidade a enchentes, altitudes de 253 a 332 m, predominância de relevo ondulado, 81,96% da área é classificada como de baixa influência na propagação de incêndios e apta a extremamente apta à mecanização agrícola, padrão de drenagem dendrítico de 5ª ordem, densidades de nascentes e drenagem muito alta, coeficiente de manutenção de 197,8 m2 m-1, canal principal reto e tempo de concentração de 1,25 h. No período de 1984 a 2022, ocorreu o crescimento da área de agropecuária, chegando a ocupar 90,98% da área total da microbacia e 85,92% da área total da zona ripária. Conclui-se que a microbacia tem potencial para o desenvolvimento das atividades agropecuárias, florestais e de piscicultura, contudo, o avanço excessivo da agropecuária sobre a floresta nativa na microbacia e sobre a zona ripária compromete os recursos hídricos, e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento sustentável das atividades citadas. Assim, recomenda-se um planejamento integrado para conservar os recursos hídricos, por meio da recuperação da vegetação nativa na zona ripária e em parte da microbacia (exemplos: sistemas agroflorestais, agrossilvipastoris e reflorestamento), e adoção de práticas conservacionistas nos sistemas agropecuários.As informações das características da paisagem em microbacias são fundamentais para o planejamento adequado do uso da terra. Diante disso, objetivou-se com esse trabalho analisar as características hidrogeomorfométricas e a dinâmica da cobertura do solo da microbacia do rio Sorriso, município de Vilhena/RO, utilizando geotecnologias e equações. A microbacia tem área de 6,21 km2, perímetro de 11,81 km, forma intermediária, baixa a média susceptibilidade a enchentes, altitudes de 253 a 332 m, predominância de relevo ondulado, 81,96% da área é classificada como de baixa influência na propagação de incêndios e apta a extremamente apta à mecanização agrícola, padrão de drenagem dendrítico de 5ª ordem, densidades de nascentes e drenagem muito alta, coeficiente de manutenção de 197,8 m2 m-1, canal principal reto e tempo de concentração de 1,25 h. No período de 1984 a 2022, ocorreu o crescimento da área de agropecuária, chegando a ocupar 90,98% da área total da microbacia e 85,92% da área total da zona ripária. Conclui-se que a microbacia tem potencial para o desenvolvimento das atividades agropecuárias, florestais e de piscicultura, contudo, o avanço excessivo da agropecuária sobre a floresta nativa na microbacia e sobre a zona ripária compromete os recursos hídricos, e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento sustentável das atividades citadas. Assim, recomenda-se um planejamento integrado para conservar os recursos hídricos, por meio da recuperação da vegetação nativa na zona ripária e em parte da microbacia (exemplos: sistemas agroflorestais, agrossilvipastoris e reflorestamento), e adoção de práticas conservacionistas nos sistemas agropecuários

HIDROGEOMORFOMETRIA E DINÂMICA DA COBERTURA DO SOLO DA MICROBACIA DO RIO SORRISO, AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL, BRASIL

Information on landscape features in microbasins is essential for proper land use planning. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the hydrogeomorphometric characteristics and the dynamics of the soil cover of the Sorriso river microbasin, municipality of Vilhena/RO, using geotechnologies and equations. The microbasin has an area of 6.21 km2, perimeter of 11.81 km, intermediate form, low to medium susceptibility to floods, altitudes of 253 to 332 m, predominance of wavy relief, 81.96% of the area is classified as low influence on the propagation of fires and suitable to extremely suitable for agricultural mechanization, 5th order dendritic drainage pattern, very high densities of springs and drainage, maintenance coefficient of 197.8 m2 m-1, straight main channel and concentration time of 1.25 h. In the period from 1984 to 2022, the agricultural area grew, reaching 90.98% of the total area of the microbasin and 85.92% of the total area of the riparian zone. It is concluded that the microbasin has the potential for the development of agricultural, forestry and fish farming activities, however, the excessive advance of agriculture on the native forest in the microbasin and on the riparian zone compromises water resources, and, consequently, sustainable development. of the aforementioned activities. Thus, an integrated planning is recommended to conserve water resources, through the recovery of native vegetation in the riparian zone and in part of the microbasin (examples: agroforestry systems, agrosilvopastoral and reforestation), and the adoption of conservationist practices in agricultural systems.La información de las características del paisaje en las microcuencas es fundamental para la adecuada planificación del uso del suelo. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar las características hidrogeomorfométricas y la dinámica de la cobertura del suelo en la cuenca del río Sorriso, municipio de Vilhena/RO, utilizando geotecnologías y ecuaciones. La microcuenca tiene una superficie de 6,21 km2, un perímetro de 11,81 km, forma intermedia, susceptibilidad baja a media a las inundaciones, altitudes de 253 a 332 m, predominio del relieve ondulado, el 81,96% de la superficie está clasificada como de baja influencia en la propagación de incendios y de apta a extremadamente apta para la mecanización agrícola, patrón de drenaje dendrítico de 5º orden, densidad de manantiales y drenaje muy alta, coeficiente de mantenimiento de 197,8 m2 m-1, canal principal recto y tiempo de concentración de 1,25 h. En el período comprendido entre 1984 y 2022, el crecimiento de la superficie agrícola se produjo, alcanzando el 90,98% de la superficie total de la cuenca y el 85,92% de la superficie total de la zona ribereña. Se concluye que la cuenca tiene potencial para el desarrollo de actividades agropecuarias, forestales y piscícolas, sin embargo, el avance excesivo de la agricultura sobre el bosque nativo de la cuenca y la zona ribereña compromete los recursos hídricos y, en consecuencia, el desarrollo sostenible de estas actividades. Por ello, se recomienda una planificación integrada para conservar los recursos hídricos.As informações das características da paisagem em microbacias são fundamentais para o planejamento adequado do uso da terra. Diante disso, objetivou-se com esse trabalho analisar as características hidrogeomorfométricas e a dinâmica da cobertura do solo da microbacia do rio Sorriso, município de Vilhena/RO, utilizando geotecnologias e equações. A microbacia tem área de 6,21 km2, perímetro de 11,81 km, forma intermediária, baixa a média susceptibilidade a enchentes, altitudes de 253 a 332 m, predominância de relevo ondulado, 81,96% da área é classificada como de baixa influência na propagação de incêndios e apta a extremamente apta à mecanização agrícola, padrão de drenagem dendrítico de 5ª ordem, densidades de nascentes e drenagem muito alta, coeficiente de manutenção de 197,8 m2 m-1, canal principal reto e tempo de concentração de 1,25 h. No período de 1984 a 2022, ocorreu o crescimento da área de agropecuária, chegando a ocupar 90,98% da área total da microbacia e 85,92% da área total da zona ripária. Conclui-se que a microbacia tem potencial para o desenvolvimento das atividades agropecuárias, florestais e de piscicultura, contudo, o avanço excessivo da agropecuária sobre a floresta nativa na microbacia e sobre a zona ripária compromete os recursos hídricos, e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento sustentável das atividades citadas. Assim, recomenda-se um planejamento integrado para conservar os recursos hídricos, por meio da recuperação da vegetação nativa na zona ripária e em parte da microbacia (exemplos: sistemas agroflorestais, agrossilvipastoris e reflorestamento), e adoção de práticas conservacionistas nos sistemas agropecuários.As informações das características da paisagem em microbacias são fundamentais para o planejamento adequado do uso da terra. Diante disso, objetivou-se com esse trabalho analisar as características hidrogeomorfométricas e a dinâmica da cobertura do solo da microbacia do rio Sorriso, município de Vilhena/RO, utilizando geotecnologias e equações. A microbacia tem área de 6,21 km2, perímetro de 11,81 km, forma intermediária, baixa a média susceptibilidade a enchentes, altitudes de 253 a 332 m, predominância de relevo ondulado, 81,96% da área é classificada como de baixa influência na propagação de incêndios e apta a extremamente apta à mecanização agrícola, padrão de drenagem dendrítico de 5ª ordem, densidades de nascentes e drenagem muito alta, coeficiente de manutenção de 197,8 m2 m-1, canal principal reto e tempo de concentração de 1,25 h. No período de 1984 a 2022, ocorreu o crescimento da área de agropecuária, chegando a ocupar 90,98% da área total da microbacia e 85,92% da área total da zona ripária. Conclui-se que a microbacia tem potencial para o desenvolvimento das atividades agropecuárias, florestais e de piscicultura, contudo, o avanço excessivo da agropecuária sobre a floresta nativa na microbacia e sobre a zona ripária compromete os recursos hídricos, e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento sustentável das atividades citadas. Assim, recomenda-se um planejamento integrado para conservar os recursos hídricos, por meio da recuperação da vegetação nativa na zona ripária e em parte da microbacia (exemplos: sistemas agroflorestais, agrossilvipastoris e reflorestamento), e adoção de práticas conservacionistas nos sistemas agropecuários

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DOS CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS NA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA

To discuss the importance of implementing palliative care in the intensive care unit through the existing literature. Methods: This is a qualitative integrative literature review. The search for the works involved in the research was carried out in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE, using the health sciences descriptors: "Hospice care", "Palliative care" and "Intensive care unit". The inclusion criteria were: published between 2013 and 2023, with free access to full texts, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish and related to the theme. Exclusion criteria were: duplicate articles, incomplete articles, abstracts, reviews, debates, articles published in event proceedings and unavailable in full. Results: This care has some principles that guarantee its effectiveness when implemented in the ICU, such as promoting individual and continuous care for patients, involving family members in this process, respecting the autonomy of the patient, establishing an environment conducive to the necessary care, among others. Conclusion: The study in question concludes that the implementation of palliative care in the ICU, despite having numerous barriers, promotes a less painful dying process when applied correctly by health professionals, among these aspects, the participation of the family in this process is emphasized.Discutir por meio da literatura existente acerca da importância da implementação dos cuidados paliativos na unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo. A busca dos trabalhos envolvidos na pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, a partir dos descritores em ciências da saúde: “Assistência hospitalar”, “Cuidados paliativos” e “Unidade de terapia intensiva”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicados no período entre 2013 e 2023, cujo acesso ao periódico era livre aos textos completos, artigos em idioma português, inglês e espanhol e relacionados a temática. Critérios de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, incompletos, resumos, resenhas, debates, artigos publicados em anais de eventos e indisponíveis na íntegra. Resultados: Esses cuidados possuem alguns princípios que garantem a sua efetividade na implementação na UTI como promover o cuidado individual e continuo aos pacientes, envolver os familiares nesse processo, respeitar a autonomia do enfermo, estabelecer um ambiente propício aos cuidados necessários dentre outros. Conclusão: O estudo em questão conclui que a implementação dos cuidados paliativos na UTI apesar de possui inúmeras barreiras ele promover um processo de morrer menos doloroso quando aplicado corretamente por meio dos profissionais de saúde, dentre esses aspectos enfatiza-se a participação da família nesse processo

Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests

Funding: Data collection was largely funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) project TREMOR (NE/N004655/1) to D.G., E.G. and O.P., with further funds from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, finance code 001) to J.V.T. and a University of Leeds Climate Research Bursary Fund to J.V.T. D.G., E.G. and O.P. acknowledge further support from a NERC-funded consortium award (ARBOLES, NE/S011811/1). This paper is an outcome of J.V.T.’s doctoral thesis, which was sponsored by CAPES (GDE 99999.001293/2015-00). J.V.T. was previously supported by the NERC-funded ARBOLES project (NE/S011811/1) and is supported at present by the Swedish Research Council Vetenskapsrådet (grant no. 2019-03758 to R.M.). E.G., O.P. and D.G. acknowledge support from NERC-funded BIORED grant (NE/N012542/1). O.P. acknowledges support from an ERC Advanced Grant and a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. R.S.O. was supported by a CNPq productivity scholarship, the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP-Microsoft 11/52072-0) and the US Department of Energy, project GoAmazon (FAPESP 2013/50531-2). M.M. acknowledges support from MINECO FUN2FUN (CGL2013-46808-R) and DRESS (CGL2017-89149-C2-1-R). C.S.-M., F.B.V. and P.R.L.B. were financed by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, finance code 001). C.S.-M. received a scholarship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 140353/2017-8) and CAPES (science without borders 88881.135316/2016-01). Y.M. acknowledges the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and ERC Advanced Investigator Grant (GEM-TRAITS, 321131) for supporting the Global Ecosystems Monitoring (GEM) network (gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk), within which some of the field sites (KEN, TAM and ALP) are nested. The authors thank Brazil–USA Collaborative Research GoAmazon DOE-FAPESP-FAPEAM (FAPESP 2013/50533-5 to L.A.) and National Science Foundation (award DEB-1753973 to L. Alves). They thank Serrapilheira Serra-1709-18983 (to M.H.) and CNPq-PELD/POPA-441443/2016-8 (to L.G.) (P.I. Albertina Lima). They thank all the colleagues and grants mentioned elsewhere [8,36] that established, identified and measured the Amazon forest plots in the RAINFOR network analysed here. The authors particularly thank J. Lyod, S. Almeida, F. Brown, B. Vicenti, N. Silva and L. Alves. This work is an outcome approved Research Project no. 19 from ForestPlots.net, a collaborative initiative developed at the University of Leeds that unites researchers and the monitoring of their permanent plots from the world’s tropical forests [61]. The authros thank A. Levesley, K. Melgaço Ladvocat and G. Pickavance for ForestPlots.net management. They thank Y. Wang and J. Baker, respectively, for their help with the map and with the climatic data. The authors acknowledge the invaluable help of M. Brum for kindly providing the comparison of vulnerability curves based on PAD and on PLC shown in this manuscript. They thank J. Martinez-Vilalta for his comments on an early version of this manuscript. The authors also thank V. Hilares and the Asociación para la Investigación y Desarrollo Integral (AIDER, Puerto Maldonado, Peru); V. Saldaña and Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) for local field campaign support in Peru; E. Chavez and Noel Kempff Natural History Museum for local field campaign support in Bolivia; ICMBio, INPA/NAPPA/LBA COOMFLONA (Cooperativa mista da Flona Tapajós) and T. I. Bragança-Marituba for the research support.Tropical forests face increasing climate risk1,2, yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, Ψ50) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk3-5, little is known about how these vary across Earth's largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters Ψ50 and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both Ψ50 and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM50 forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth-mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon6,7, with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications