Salt effects on the solubility of aromatic and dicarboxylic amino acids in water

The salt effect on the solubility of the amino acids l-aspartic acid, l-glutamic acid, l-tryptophan, and l-tyrosine, seldomly found in the literature, was studied at 298.2 K, in aqueous solutions of KCl and (NH4)2SO4, for salt concentrations up to 2.0 mol·kg−1. In this concentration range, both salts are salting-in agents for glutamic acid and aspartic acid, with a stronger effect induced by (NH4)2SO4. Regarding the two aromatic amino acids, a slight increase in the solubility was obtained at low salt concentrations, followed by a stronger salting-out effect, more pronounced by (NH4)2SO4 than by KCl. The relative solubility data obtained in this work were compared to literature data for other amino acids in the same electrolyte solutions to establish a relative solubility ranking connected to their structure. Finally, the solubility data were modeled using the electrolyte Perturbed-Chain Statistical Association Theory (ePC-SAFT). The modeling requires parameters for the amino acids and ions as well as melting properties of the amino acids. All these parameters and properties were obtained from previous works. To quantitatively describe the solubility of amino acids upon salt addition, binary interaction parameters (kij) between any amino acid and anions were determined, while between any amino acid and the cations were fixed to kij = 0.08. The kij parameters between amino acid and the inorganic anions show very similar values for amino acids of the same chemical class (e.g. kij between anion and amino acid with apolar side chains), which may be used to systematically reduce the number of adjustable parameters in future work.publishe

Electrolyte effects on the Amino acid solubility in water: solubilities of Glycine, l-Leucine, l-Phenylalanine, and l-Aspartic acid in salt solutions of (Na+, K+, NH4+)/(Cl–, NO3–)

The solubilities of glycine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine, and L-aspartic acid in aqueous solutions of the salts composed by combining Na+, K+, and NH4 + cations and Cl− and NO3 − anions were measured up to 2.0 salt molality at 298.2 K by the analytical gravimetric method. Using these data along with a review of literature information, encompassing all amino acids for which solubility is available in the studied aqueous electrolyte solutions, allowed us to interpret the effect of the functional groups of amino acids on their solubility. The four amino acids studied here showed higher solubility in aqueous solutions of salts with the nitrate anion. Except for L-aspartic acid with a polar side chain, amino acids with apolar side chains presented the highest salting-in effect in aqueous salt solutions with NH4 +. The cations Na+ and K+ did not seem to establish relevant interactions with the amino acids and had little impact on their aqueous solubility.This work was developed within the scope of the project CIMO-Mountain Research Center, UIDB/00690/2020 and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 and UIDP/50011/2020, financed by national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)/MCTES. Mehriban Aliyeva thanks FCT and European Social Fund (ESF) for her Ph.D. grant (SFRH/BD/139355/2018).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

An insight into the sialotranscriptome of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</it>, known as the brown dog tick, is a common ectoparasite of domestic dogs and can be found worldwide. <it>R.</it><it>sanguineus </it>is recognized as the primary vector of the etiological agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis and canine babesiosis. Here we present the first description of a <it>R. sanguineus </it>salivary gland transcriptome by the production and analysis of 2,034 expressed sequence tags (EST) from two cDNA libraries, one consctructed using mRNA from dissected salivary glands from female ticks fed for 3-5 days (early to mid library, RsSGL1) and the another from ticks fed for 5 days (mid library, RsSGL2), identifying 1,024 clusters of related sequences.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Based on sequence similarities to nine different databases, we identified transcripts of genes that were further categorized according to function. The category of putative housekeeping genes contained ~56% of the sequences and had on average 2.49 ESTs per cluster, the secreted protein category contained 26.6% of the ESTs and had 2.47 EST's/clusters, while 15.3% of the ESTs, mostly singletons, were not classifiable, and were annotated as "unknown function". The secreted category included genes that coded for lipocalins, proteases inhibitors, disintegrins, metalloproteases, immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory proteins, as Evasins and Da-p36, as well as basic-tail and 18.3 kDa proteins, cement proteins, mucins, defensins and antimicrobial peptides. Comparison of the abundance of ESTs from similar contigs of the two salivary gland cDNA libraries allowed the identification of differentially expressed genes, such as genes coding for Evasins and a thrombin inhibitor, which were over expressed in the RsSGL1 (early to mid library) versus RsSGL2 (mid library), indicating their role in inhibition of inflammation at the tick feeding site from the very beginning of the blood meal. Conversely, sequences related to cement (64P), which function has been correlated with tick attachment, was largely expressed in the mid library.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our survey provided an insight into the <it>R. sanguineus </it>sialotranscriptome, which can assist the discovery of new targets for anti-tick vaccines, as well as help to identify pharmacologically active proteins.</p

O papel do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge na avaliação e prevenção de riscos para a saúde pública: vigilância e controlo da qualidade da água e areias

O papel do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge na avaliação e prevenção de riscos para a saúde pública (Vigilância e controlo da qualidade da água e areias).N/

Thrombus aspiration in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: results of a national registry of interventional cardiology

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the impact of thrombus aspiration (TA) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI) in 'real-world' settings. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study, using data from the National Registry of Interventional Cardiology (RNCI 2006-2012, Portugal) with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with P-PCI. The primary outcome, in-hospital mortality, was analysed through adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: We assessed data for 9458 STEMI patients that undergone P-PCI (35% treated with TA). The risk of in-hospital mortality with TA (aOR 0.93, 95%CI:0.54-1.60) was not significantly decreased. After matching patients through the propensity score, TA reduced significantly the risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 0.58, 95%CI:0.35-0.98; 3500 patients). CONCLUSIONS: The whole cohort data does not support the routine use of TA in P-PCI, but the results of the propensity-score matched cohort suggests that the use of selective TA may improve the short-term risks of STEMI..info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educação e inclusão: a função do profissional de apoio para a atuação com alunos com transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA): Education and inclusion: the role of the support professional for working with students with Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD)

O estudo em questão alude sobre a função do profissional de apoio, verificamos que o profissional de apoio, é o profissional que auxilia o professor de sala no seu cotidiano pedagógico juntamente com os indivíduos com deficiência em suas atividades, funções que perpassam aspectos basilares do bem-estar físico do educando, bem como atua nas questões escolares auxiliando-o no cumprimento das suas atividades e desenvolvimento físico, mental e social. Assim o objetivo do mesmo é analisar a função do profissional de apoio no que concerne o seu trabalho com alunos que possuem o transtorno do espectro autista - TEA.&nbsp; A metodologia do presente estudo molda-se por ser uma revisão bibliográfica, considerando que providenciamos na literatura científica, aclarações de diversos autores que pontuam sobre o assunto em pauta. Conclui-se, por conseguinte, do estudo realizado o quão importante se faz a atuação do profissional de apoio, a importancia de sua qualificação adequada para lidar com os educandos que possuem deficiência, uma vez que estará contribuindo, para a efetivação da inclusão da criança com TEA, atuando de forma conjunta com o docente da sala regular

Estudo de conservação sob atmosfera controlada na qualidade da cereja cv. Satin

A cereja é muito apreciada e apresenta um tempo de comercialização muito curto devido a ser um fruto altamente perecível. Técnicas de conservação pós-colheita são essenciais para manter a qualidade da cereja até serem consumidas. Baixas temperaturas são utilizadas para retardar o processo de deterioração da fruta e como complemento a aplicação de atmosferas controladas permite retardar o processo de amadurecimento e envelhecimento. A diminuição de oxigénio e o aumento de dióxido de carbono e azoto inibe o amadurecimento, mantendo o sabor e a qualidade da fruta. Neste trabalho experimental, cerejas da cultivar Satin foram conservadas em câmaras de refrigeração no produtor e nas instalações do CATAA com equipamento de atmosferas controladas. Quatro atmosferas controladas com diferentes combinações de oxigénio e dióxido de carbono foram testadas e o seu efeito na qualidade das cerejas foi avaliado. Ao longo do tempo de conservação as cerejas foram analisadas a diferentes níveis: qualidade (peso, dureza, cor e sólidos solúveis totais), microbiológico e organolético. Os resultados de temperatura e humidade no produtor e no CATAA, foram comparados e indicam que ambas as situações apresentam ótimas condições de conservação. No entanto, complementar a conservação com atmosferas controladas sugere que a qualidade da cereja é mantida por mais tempo, através da minimização do envelhecimento e processo de amadurecimento.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio