Aspects of friendship amongst adolescents suffering from diabetes and cancer

Este trabalho analisa alguns aspectos das amizades de adolescentes acometidos por diabetes e câncer, incluindo o histórico da reação ao diagnóstico, além do companheirismo, auto-revelação e intimidade, apoio social, conflito e expectativas da amizade. Três participantes com diabetes e três amigos, e três adolescentes que tiveram câncer e três amigos, foram entrevistados. Essas amizades se assemelham, em grande parte, àquelas não marcadas por uma doença crônica, especialmente em relação ao companheirismo e à presença de conflitos. Por outro lado, o diabetes ou o câncer parecem afetar aspectos da amizade, principalmente na consideração do apoio social, que se dá forma assimétrica. A auto-revelação e a intimidade sofrem restrições em relação a conteúdos ligados à enfermidade. As expectativas de amizade dão ênfase ao apoio social. Os dados ainda sugerem que afastamento ou aproximação dos amigos pode resultar da identificação de uma doença como câncer ou diabetes.ABSTRACT This paper analyzes certain aspects of friendships amongst adolescents with diabetes mellitus and cancer, including a record of the reaction to the diagnosis, in addition to companionship, self-disclosure and intimacy, social support, conflict and the expectations from a friendship. Twelve participants were interviewed, including three with diabetes and three of their friends, and three individuals who had cancer and three friends. These friendships were largely similar to typical friendships, particularly in terms of companionship and the existence of conflict. On the other hand, the diabetes or cancer seem to affect some aspects of friendship. Social support becomes more important and asymmetric. Self-disclosure and intimacy are more tentative when it comes to the subject of the disease. The expectations of friendship emphasize social support. Our data also suggest that friends may grow apart or become closer as a result of a chronic disease such as cancer or diabetes

ANÁLISE AGROCLIMÁTICA DA CULTURA DA LARANJA PARA A CIDADE DE ITUVERAVA-SP

Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar o zoneamento agroclimático da cultura da laranja (Citrus sinensis) para a cidade de Ituverava-SP. A metodologia consistiu na aplicação da ferramenta software Excel® e banco de dados climáticos. As classes de aptidão para a cultura foram obtidas na literatura mediante as necessidades hídricas  e térmicas da cultura. Como resultado observou-se que Ituverava apresenta condições moderadas de aptidão por deficiência hídrica

Histological changes induced by the cynipid wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in leaves of the chestnut Castanea sativa (Fagaceae): Mechanisms of galling impact on host vigor

[EN] Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), the Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW), is an invasive pest that threatens native stands and orchards of European Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). ACGW induces galls in stems, petioles, and midribs. These galls cause inhibition of tree growth and fruit production. An understanding of morphogenetic changes in host organs is important to evaluate how plant resources are redirected to galls. Structural divergences in C. sativa petioles, midribs, and respective galls were investigated. Larvae of D. kuriphilus are found in the central region of young petioles and midribs in the spring. They are positioned in the pith region of petioles and midribs, surrounded by vascular tissues. The increase in cell layers and volume is evident in the ground tissues of galls, i.e., parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma that originate from ground meristem. Gall formation causes the separation of the original vascular system into several collateral and amphicribral vascular bundles. The vascular web branching likely favors the redirection of resources from developing leaf blades to the galls by compensatory hydraulic mechanisms. The rapid growth rates of galls are likely supported by an increased water supply to gall sites. Cytoplasmically dense and metabolically active nutritive linings of the larval chambers are the sole source of food for larvae. Nutritive cells are maintained by a rich vascular supply. The redifferentiation of mechanical tissue surrounding the nutritive tissue also requires energy and protects the D. kuriphilus larva until pupation. These vascular alterations impact the normal formation of tissues in distal regions of the leaf, which reduces the productivity of chestnut treesS

Development of a mouse computational model for MCNPx based on Digimouse (r) images and dosimetric assays

The aim of this study was to create and test a new mice 3D-voxel phantom named DM_BRA for mice and human first-estimation radiopharmaceutical dosimetry. Previously, the article reviews the state-of-art in animal model development. Images from Digimouse CT database were used in the segmentation and on the generation of the voxelized phantom. Simulations for validation of the DM_BRA model was performed at 0.015, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 4 MeV photons with heart-source. Specific Absorbed Fractions (SAF) data were compared with literature data. The organ masses of DM_BRA correlated well with existing models based on the same dataset; however, few small organ masses hold significant variations. The SAF data in most simulated cases were statistically equal to a significant level of 0.01 to the reference data

The influence of parasitoidism on the anatomical and histochemical profiles of the host leaves in a galling Lepidoptera – Bauhinia ungulata system

Galls induced by insects develop through a complex series of plant cell responses. Bauhinia ungulata L. (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) has leaf-folding galls, which were studied by means of anatomical and histochemical approaches. These approaches compared the non-galled leaves, non-parasitoidized galls, and parasitoidized galls by addressing two questions: (1) what structural and histochemical changes are caused by the gall inducer in the leaf tissues of the host plant? And (2) is the parasitoid capable of affecting the gall structure? The non-galled leaf is amphistomatic, with anomocytic stomata, and multicellular non-glandular and navicular glandular trichomes. The mesophyll is dorsiventral, and the vascular system is surrounded by a lignified bundle sheath. In the gall, the outer epidermis is derived from the abaxial leaf epidermis. The outer cortex of the gall originates from the chlorophyllian parenchyma, and is homogeneous, with polyhedral cells and few intercellular spaces. The vascularization net is enhanced, and the secondary veins are disorganized. The nutritive tissue derives from the cells of the adaxial epidermis and adjacent parenchyma, which accumulate lipids, and is partly consumed by the chewing larvae. The cells of the outer cortex and those around the vascular bundles accumulate secondary metabolites, functioning as protective layers against natural enemies. The parasitoidized galls are similar to the non-parasitoidized ones, except for the sites of intact hyperplasic nutritive tissue with hypertrophied cells, which are visible macroscopically. This indicates the continued stimuli from the Lepidoptera feeding on the host-plant cells, which continue to enlarge, but will no longer be used for larvae nutrition.RESUMO: (Influência do parasitoidismo nos perfis anatômico e histoquímico das folhas em um sistema Lepidoptera galhador – Bauhinia ungulata) Galhas induzidas por insetos se desenvolvem por meio de uma série complexa de respostas celulares vegetais. Bauhinia ungulata L. (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) apresenta galhas de dobramento foliar, aqui estudadas por meio de técnicas de anatomia e histoquímica, com o objetivo de comparar folhas não galhadas e galhas com e sem parasitoides, e responder as seguintes questões: (1) quais são as alterações estruturais e histoquímicas causadas pelo indutor nos tecidos da planta hospedeira? (2) O parasitoide é capaz de afetar a estrutura da galha? A folha não galhada é anfistomática, com estômatos anomocíticos, tricomas multicelulares não glandulares e glandulares naviculares. O mesofilo é dorsiventral, e o sistema vascular está envolvido por bainha lignificada. Na galha, a epiderme externa é derivada da epiderme abaxial; o córtex se origina do parênquima clorofiliano e é homogêneo, com células poliédricas e poucos espaços intercelulares. A vascularização é mais intensa e as nervuras secundárias se mostram desorganizadas. O tecido nutritivo, derivado de células da epiderme adaxial e do parênquima adjacente, apresenta células com conteúdo lipídico o qual é consumido em determinados pontos pela larva do indutor. O córtex externo e células ao redor do feixe vascular acumulam metabólitos secundários, funcionando como camadas protetoras contra inimigos naturais. As galhas com parasitoides são similares às sem parasitoides, exceto por apresentarem locais com tecido nutritivo intacto, hiperplásico, com células hipertrofiadas, os quais formam pontos visíveis macroscopicamente. Isso indica a manutenção do estímulo desencadeado pela larva nas células vegetais, que continuam sua expansão. Porém não mais servirão a sua função prévia de nutrição da larva

Microscopic study of nine galls induced in Populus nigra by aphids of the Iberian Peninsula

[EN] Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) feed on the phloem and some of them induce the formation of conspicuous galls on their primary hosts. Histological studies were proposed to elucidate the evolutionary history of galling habit in Pemphigini tribe, assessing if gall complexity indicates the phylogenetic relations among gall inducers. Nine Eriosomatinae galls induced on Populus nigra from the Iberian Peninsula were studied microscopically. The galls are induced by Pemphigini of the genera Thecabius (2 galls) and Pemphigus (7 galls). Using multiple correspondence analysis of the observed microscopic characteristics, a hierarchical cluster was obtained showing the existence of 2 groups of galls. One group consists of the 2 galls induced by Thecabius and, within the genus Pemphigus, those belonging to the subgenus Pemphigus (P. populi and P. vesicarius). The other group consists of galls of the genus Pemphigus, subgenus Pemphiginus (P. bursarius, P. immunis, P. spyrothecae, P. protospirae and P. populinigrae). The gall histological complexity is related to Pemphigini phylogeny, confirming the importance of such studies in galling aphid taxonomy and possible pathways of galling habit evolution. Similarities are established between the galls of Pemphigini aphids studied here with others we studied microscopically, induced by Fordini and Eriosomatini. Finally, a classification of all Eriosomatinae galls is proposed, establishing 3 groups: galls that cause severe malformations (induced by derived galling taxa), those that cause less severe malformations, and those that cause mild malformations (pseudogalls). It also demonstrates the importance of the strategy of waste evacuation in derived galling speciesS

TERRITÓRIO CORPO-TERRA: RESISTÊNCIAS DAS MULHERES CONTRA O NEOEXTRATIVISMO DA SOJA NO BIOMA PAMPA

Especially in the last decade, the vertiginous advance of soy cultivation in the Pampa Biome is one of the faces of the capillarization route of the productive frontiers of the neo-extractivist regime in Latin America. This study aims to investigate the repercussions of the neo-extractivism of soy in the Brazilian Pampa Biome, as a territory body-earth, and the territorial struggles started by women. The study is qualitative, taking advantage of bibliographical research and semi-structured. As a result, it appears that the repercussions of the expansion of soy are environmental, social, cultural and economical, with the interrelationship between the issues that affect the territory-earth and territory-body of women. Resistance is expressed as an answer to the issues that women face daily. The organization of popular resistance is urgent and indispensable for the emancipation of the Pampa territories and women in the Pampa.Especialmente en la última década, el avance vertiginoso del cultivo de la soja en el Bioma Pampa es una de las caras de la ruta de capilarización de las fronteras productivas del régimen neoextractivista en América Latina. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar cómo se configuran las repercusiones del neoextractivismo de la soja en el Bioma Pampa Brasileño, como territorio cuerpo-tierra, y las luchas territoriales de las mujeres. El estudio es cualitativo, haciendo uso de investigaciones bibliográficas y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Como resultado, se encontró que las repercusiones de la expansión de la soja son ambientales, sociales, culturales y económicas, con una interrelación entre los temas que afectan el territorio-tierra y el territorio-cuerpo de las mujeres. La resistencia se expresa como una respuesta a los problemas que enfrentan las mujeres a diario. La organización de frentes de resistencia popular es urgente e indispensable para que se lleve a cabo la emancipación de los territorios pampeanos y de las mujeres.Especialmente na última década, o avanço vertiginoso do cultivo da soja no Bioma Pampa é uma das faces da rota de capilarização das fronteiras produtivas do regime neoextrativista na América Latina. Este estudo objetiva investigar como se conformam as repercussões do neoextrativismo da soja no Bioma Pampa brasileiro, enquanto território corpo-terra, e as lutas territoriais protagonizadas pelas mulheres. O estudo é de cunho qualitativo, usufruindo-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Como resultados, levantou-se que as repercussões da expansão da soja são ambientais, sociais, culturais e econômicas, ocorrendo a inter-relação entre as problemáticas que incidem sobre o território-terra e território-corpo das mulheres. As resistências se expressam como uma resposta às questões que atravessam as mulheres cotidianamente. A organização de frentes de resistência populares é urgente e indispensável para que a emancipação dos territórios pampeanos e das mulheres ocorra

Histological Study of Leaf Galls Induced by Phylloxera in Vitis (Vitaceae) Leaves

[EN] The galls induced by hemipterans generally show hypertrophy of the phloem; these insects usually feed on the sap in the sieve tube elements, occasioning phloem bundle hypertrophy. However, there are some exceptions; for example, the phylloxerids feed on the gall wall parenchyma. It has remained unknown, however, whether Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (the vine phylloxera) also causes hypertrophy of the phloem bundles. The galls induced by D. vitifoliae in leaves of the rootstock variety Richter-110 (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris) were examined microscopically. D. vitifoliae was found capable of inducing vascular bundle hypertrophy, as well as the nutritional enrichment of the gall wall parenchyma cells upon which the insect feeds. The hypertrophy of the phloem bundles commonly seen in hemipteran-induced leaf galls also occurs in those induced by D. vitifoliae, even though these do not feed on the phloem contents, but rather on the gall wall parenchyma. The appearance of phloem bundle hypertrophy in hemipteran-induced leaf galls requires the remobilization of photoassimilates that might affect the productivity of the affected plantS

By-product recovery of Opuntia spp. peels: Betalainic and phenolic profiles and bioactive properties

[EN] Opuntia spp. are a tropical and subtropical plant that provides both edible green steams and fruits; however, the processing of this fruits results in the accumulation of enormous amount of by-products that can be a source of bioactive and pigmented compounds. Herein, three cactus pear from the species Opuntia focus-indica var. sanguigna (OS) and gialla (OG) and Opuntia engelmannii (OE) were fully characterized regarding their phenolic and betalain composition and correlated with their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The hydroethanolic extracts of OE gave the highest amount of phenolic compounds isorhamentin-O-(deoxyhexosyl-hexoside) and betacianins (betanin); however, no betaxanthins were identified in this sample. This sample also revealed the lowest EC50 values in all the antioxidant activity assays. Regarding antimicrobial activity, the hydroethanolic extracts of all species revealed to be more active than ampicillin. The pivotal objective of this work was to focus on exploring by-product biocompounds and possible outputs, thus, we could suggest the use of these natural colorants with intrinsic antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, which would grant industries to produce cleaner label products with functional benefits.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013) and L. Barros contract. This work is funded by the European Structural and Investment Funds (FEEI) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-023289 (DeCodE) and ValorNatural (R). B. Melgar (No. 329930) also thanks CONACyT for his grant. The authors are grateful for a grant from the Serbian Ministry of Education, Sciences and Technological Development (no. 173032). The authors would also like to thank Dr. Carlos Aguiar for the botanical identification of these species.Melgar-Castañeda, B.; Dias, MI.; Ciric, A.; Sokovic, M.; Garcia-Castello, EM.; Rodríguez López, AD.; Barros, L.... (2017). By-product recovery of Opuntia spp. peels: Betalainic and phenolic profiles and bioactive properties. Industrial Crops and Products. 107:353-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.06.011S35335910

Cardiovascular risk factors in military personnel of the brazilian airforce at Alcântara (MA)

Objective: To investigate the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in military personnel of the Brazilian Air Force in Alcântara, Brazil. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with clinical records of 240 active military personnel from the Medical and Statistical Archives Service and nutritional assessment from the Nutrition Subsection Sector. The modifiable (diabetes mellitus - DM, systemic arterial hypertension - SAH, generalized obesity, abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, sedentarism, smoking, and alcoholism) and non-modifiable (gender and age) cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometric data, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were extracted. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test was applied (a=5%). Results: The sample was predominantly male (55.8%) and with a mean age of 33 (±8.4) years. The most prevalent risk factors were overweight (43.8%), abdominal obesity (42.9%), generalized obesity (21.3%), alcoholism (34.6%), and sedentary lifestyle (31.3%). Regarding the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in relation to gender, a significant association was found with SAH, sedentarism, abdominal obesity and nutritional status (p=0.004, p=0.027, p=0.040 and p=0.018, respectively). For the sample studied, 2.7% had CVD. Conclusions: The predominant cardiovascular risk factors were overweight, abdominal obesity, generalized obesity, alcoholism and sedentary lifestyle. In men, hypertension and overweight were predominant, and in women, sedentarism and abdominal obesity.Objetivo: investigar a frequência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em  militares da Força Aérea Brasileira em Alcântara, Brasil. Metodologia: estudo transversal retrospectivo foi realizado            com registros clínicos de 240 militares ativos e oriundos de prontuários do Serviço de Arquivo Médico         e Estatístico, e de avaliação nutricional do Setor de Subseção de Nutrição. Foram extraídos os fatores de risco cardiovascular modificáveis (diabetes mellitus - DM, hipertensão arterial sistêmica - HAS, obesidade geral, obesidade abdominal, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia, sedentarismo, tabagismo e etilismo) e não modificáveis (sexo e idade), dados antropométricos e de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). Estatística descritiva e teste qui-quadrado foi aplicado (a=5%). Resultados: a amostra foi predominantemente de homens (55,8%) e com média de idade de 33 (±8,4) anos. Os fatores de risco  mais prevalentes foram sobrepeso (43,8%), obesidade abdominal (42,9%), obesidade geral (21,3%), etilismo (34,6%) e   sedentarismo (31,3%). Quanto a distribuição dos fatores de risco cardiovascular em relação ao gênero, foi constatada  associação significativa com HAS, sedentarismo, obesidade abdominal e estado nutricional (p=0,004, p=0,027, p=0,040 e p=0,018, respectivamente). Para a amostra, 2,7% apresentavam DCV. Conclusão: os fatores de risco cardiovascular predominantes foram sobrepeso, obesidade abdominal, obesidade geral, etilismo e sedentarismo. Nos homens foi  predominante a hipertensão e o excesso de peso e nas mulheres, o sendentarismo e a obesidade abdominal