Operación de los alimentadores en media tensión chahuares-02 y pisac-04 en 22.9 kV, para mejorar la confiabilidad del suministro eléctrico en las provincias de Calca y La Convención

El presente estudio de investigación, se desarrolla a raíz de la problemática del nivel de confiabilidad del suministro de los alimentadores de media tensión Chahuares-02 y Pisac-04 en 22.9 kV, debido a que dichos alimentadores presentan constantes interrupciones eléctricas, las cuales influyen significativamente en los indicadores SAIDI y SAIFI, que afectan directamente a la calidad de suministro eléctrico brindado a los usuarios de los sectores ubicados en las provincias de La Convención y Calca. En tal sentido, el objetivo del presente estudio es mejorar la confiabilidad del suministro eléctrico mediante la operación entre los alimentadores de media tensión CH-02 y PI-04 en 22.9 kV, con la finalidad de aprovechar cada elemento disponible (cercanía de las redes, relés multifuncionales, equipos de maniobra y protección, etc.). El presente estudio considera la evaluación completa de los alimentadores en mención, teniendo en cuenta el flujo de carga y cálculos de SAIDI y SAIFI, para así demostrar que la propuesta planteada representará una mejora considerable del nivel de confiabilidad del suministro eléctrico entre los alimentadores CH-02 y PI-04

Seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en las Organizaciones: CORPOCIUR, Red de Organizaciones Basadas en Fè y ASOCAMPO en el Municipio de Popayán Departamento del Cauca

La seguridad alimentaria y nutricional (SAN) juega un papel importante para el desarrollo del ser humano, por lo cual el objetivo de la revisión fue conocer los diferentes programas realizados de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional en las Organizaciones: Red de Organizaciones Basadas en la Fè, CORPOCIUR y ASOCAMPO en el municipio de Popayán departamento del Cauca en los últimos 15 años. Se determinó los principales ejes de la SAN tales como disponibilidad de alimentos, acceso físico, social y económico, consumo, aprovechamiento o utilización biológica y calidad o inocuidad, igualmente las buenas prácticas de la SAN en cada una de las anteriores organizaciones

NF-κB Activity Initiates Human ESC-Derived Neural Progenitor Cell Differentiation by Inducing a Metabolic Maturation Program.

Human neural development begins at embryonic day 19 and marks the beginning of organogenesis. Neural stem cells in the neural tube undergo profound functional, morphological, and metabolic changes during neural specification, coordinated by a combination of exogenous and endogenous cues. The temporal cell signaling activities that mediate this process, during development and in the postnatal brain, are incompletely understood. We have applied gene expression studies and transcription factor-activated reporter lentiviruses during in vitro neural specification of human pluripotent stem cells. We show that nuclear factor κB orchestrates a multi-faceted metabolic program necessary for the maturation of neural progenitor cells during neurogenesis

Biomasa aérea y contenido de carbono del saladillo (Caraipa llanorum) en Puerto Carreño, Vichada, Colombia

We determined the volume, biomass and carbon content per hectare for aerial forest Saladillo (Caraipa llanorum) at the Canapro Forestry farm (Puerto Carreño, Vichada), by destructively sampling 30 individuals. In order to fit a model to estimate variables, it was necessary to determine the fresh weight of the different components of each tree, and the volume of each stem. Subsamples were taken to determine the biomass of the stem, branches and leaves of each tree in order to obtain the density and carbon content of the wood. Forest inventory reported a density of 342 trees per hectare of C. llanorum with dbh ≥ 10 cm. This represents a volume of 37,4 m3 corresponding to 26,3 t·ha-1 of carbon. The wood density was 0,65 kg·m3-1and the carbon content 52,96 %. To estimate the biomass of the species a best fit equation was used BT=e–9.47559+2.56189*ln(dap) with a biomass expansion factor of 1,52 reported for estimating the carbon balanced equation, C= e–10.2355 + 2.59771*ln(dbh).Se determinó el volumen, la biomasa y el contenido de carbono aéreo por hectárea para los bosques de Saladillo (Caraipa llanorum) en la finca CANAPRO Forestal, Municipio de Puerto Carreño, Departamento del Vichada; para ello se realizó un muestreo destructivo de 30 individuos para ajustar un modelo con el fin de estimar estas variables, para esto fue necesario  determinar el peso fresco de los diferentes compartimentos de cada árbol, así como el volumen de cada fuste; luego se obtuvieron submuestras de la biomasa del fuste, ramas y hojas por árbol para llevar al laboratorio y obtener la densidad y el contenido de carbono de la madera. El inventario forestal reportó una densidad de 342 árboles por hectárea de C. llanorum con dap ≥10 cm, que representan un volumen de 37.4 m3/ha correspondientes a 26.3 ton/ha de carbono; la densidad reportada para la madera fue de 0.65 kg/m3 y su contenido de carbono de 52.96 %. Para estimar la biomasa aérea de la especie, la ecuación que mejor ajuste presentó fue    y el factor de expansión de biomasa reportado de 1,52, para estimar el carbono la ecuación ajustada fue  

The Prior Consultation in Energy Transmission Projects in Peru: Proposal of Guidelines for a More Efficient Application

El marco y contexto legal actual para la aplicación de la consulta previa en proyectos en transmisión eléctrica en el país representa un riesgo para el cumplimiento de los logros propios de este mecanismo consultivo, evitando la correcta participación de los pueblos originarios, indígenas y tribales en el mismo, la cual resulta fundamental en la planificación de este tipo de proyectos, lo que a su vez, contribuye con un escenario de conflictividad social desencadenando en el rechazo a la continuidad de los proyectos; al respecto, el presente estudio desarrolla la idea de que la oportunidad de inicio del proceso de consulta previa respecto del ciclo de vida de un proyecto de ese tipo afecta el criterio de eficiencia del procedimiento consultivo. Ante dicha cuestión, mediante la recopilación de información, análisis normativo, análisis casuístico de proyectos del sector energía, y entrevistas a los principales actores relacionados, se realizó el diagnóstico de la situación de la ejecución y relevancia de la consulta previa en proyectos del sector energético; con un enfoque específico en la transmisión de energía; dando como resultado un aporte de mejora inicial orientado a brindar una propuesta integral en cuanto a la ejecución en sí mismo del proceso, a fin de articular la consulta previa como un mecanismo dinámico, eficiente, socialmente justo y sostenible.The current regulatory framework for the application of prior consultation in energy transmission projects in Peru represents a risk for the fulfillment of the achievements of this consultative mechanism as it does not allow the correct participation of indigenous and native peoples in it, which is fundamental in the planning of this type of projects. In turn, it contributes to social conflict, resulting in the rejection of their continuity. In this regard, this research suggests that starting the prior consultation process on the life cycle of these projects affects the efficiency of the consultative procedure. Faced with this issue, through the collection of information, regulatory analysis, case analysis of projects in the energy sector, and interviews with the main related actors, a diagnosis was made on the execution and relevance of prior consultation, with a specific focus on energy transmission, which contributes to an initial improvement aimed at providing a comprehensive proposal in terms of the execution of the process itself, to articulate prior consultation as a dynamic, efficient, socially fair, and sustainable mechanism.Trabajo de investigació

The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test in Parkinson's Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment : Discriminative Accuracy and Neural Correlates

Altres ajuts: This work was partially supported by grants from La Marató TV3 (20142910, 2014/U/477); FIS (PI14/02058, PI15/00962); CIBERNED.Introduction: Memory alterations are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients but the mechanisms involved in these deficits remain poorly understood. The study aims to explore the profile of episodic memory deficits in non-demented early PD patients. Methods: We obtained neurological, cognitive and behavioral data from 114 PD patients and 41 healthy controls (HC). PD participants were grouped as normal cognition (PD-NC) and mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) according to the Level II criteria of the Movement Disorders Society Task Force (MDS-TF). We evaluate the performance amongst groups on an episodic memory task using the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT). Additionally, gray matter volume (GMV) voxel based morphometry, and mean diffusivity (MD) analyses were conducted in a subset of patients to explore the structural brain correlates of FCSRT performance. Results: Performance on all subscores of the FCSRT was significantly worse in PD-MCI than in PD-NC and HC. Delayed total recall (DTR) subscore was the best at differentiating PD-NC from PD-MCI. Using crosstabulation, DTR allowed identification of PD-MCI patients with an accuracy of 80%. Delayed free and cued recall was associated with decreased GMV and increased MD in multiple fronto-temporal and parietal areas. Conclusion: Encoding and retrieval deficits are a main characteristic of PD-MCI and are associated with structural damage in temporal, parietal and prefrontal areas

Combined Immune Defect in B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders Is Associated with Severe Infection and Cancer Progression

This research received no external funding. K.G.-H is supported by The European Social Fund (ESF) through a Río Ortega Grant for Health Research Projects by the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) (CM20/00098).B cell chronic lymphoproliferative diseases (B-CLPD) are associated with secondary antibody deficiency and other innate and adaptive immune defects, whose impact on infectious risk has not been systematically addressed. We performed an immunological analysis of a cohort of 83 B-CLPD patients with recurrent and/or severe infections to ascertain the clinical relevance of the immune deficiency expression. B-cell defects were present in all patients. Patients with combined immune defect had a 3.69-fold higher risk for severe infection (p = 0.001) than those with predominantly antibody defect. Interestingly, by Kaplan–Meier analysis, combined immune defect showed an earlier progression of cancer with a hazard ratio of 3.21, than predominantly antibody defect (p = 0.005). When B-CLPD were classified in low-degree, high-degree, and plasma cell dyscrasias, risk of severe disease and cancer progression significantly diverged in combined immune defect, compared with predominantly antibody defect (p = 0.001). Remarkably, an underlying primary immunodeficiency (PID) was suspected in 12 patients (14%), due to prior history of infections, autoimmune and granulomatous conditions, atypical or variegated course and compatible biological data. This first proposed SID classification might have relevant clinical implications, in terms of predicting severe infections and cancer progression, and might be applied to different B-CLPD entities.Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORLFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu

Assessing performance of small-scale pumped irrigation systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from a systematic review

Small-scale irrigation (SSI) has significant potential to increase crop productivity in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Pumped irrigation systems are one of the technologies increasingly being used by smallholder farmers. The aim of this study was to systematically review evidence on the performance of SSI pumped systems, including motorized, treadle, rope and washer, solar and wind pumps. The study revealed a lack of standardization and use of a wide range of indicators to assess performance. Most evidence related to motorized pumps, these studies confirmed mixed levels of performance; studies relating to other types of pumped system mostly reported a positive impact, although the method of assessment used was critical. Studies reporting positive impacts tended to be those that used socio-economic based factors such as yield and profitability, whereas studies reporting mixed performance tended to be those that relied more on technically based indicators such as pumping and irrigation system efficiency. The analysis highlights the sensitivity of interpreting findings from different studies, and how caution should be exercised when comparing performance within and between different types of irrigation system. The implications for supporting policy development and identifying future research gaps are discussed