“Nós Negros” : movimentos negros no Distrito Federal e a Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1987-1988

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, 2021.A presente pesquisa se dedica a analisar a interação entre os movimentos negros no Distrito Federal e a Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) de 1987-1988. Para tanto, mobiliza (i) os Dossiês de investigações administrativas, políticas e criminais sobre o Movimento Negro Unificado no Distrito Federal (MNU/DF) retirados do Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal (ArPDF); (ii) as atas das reuniões ocorridas na Subcomissão dos Negros, Populações Indígenas, Pessoas Deficientes e Minorias da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1987-1988 e (iii) a versão final do Anteprojeto aprovado por essa Subcomissão Temática. O recorte temporal abrangerá o intervalo que vai de 10 de maio de 1982, data do primeiro evento do MNU/DF registrado no ArPDF, até o dia 25 de maio de 1987, quando da aprovação do Anteprojeto mencionado. O acervo documental será examinado com o auxílio da micro-história, método historiográfico que permite a redução da escala de análise. Objetivando racializar a experiência constitucional brasileira de 1987-1988, o artigo acionará, de um lado, algumas teorias consolidadas sobre constitucionalismo e democracia e, do outro, conceitos advindos da intelectualidade negra. O trabalho concluirá afirmando que o Distrito Federal dos anos 80 foi palco de tensões, socializações e conflitos pujantes; que as audiências públicas previstas no Regimento Interno da ANC (RIANC) foram utilizadas estrategicamente pelos movimentos sociais brasileiros; e que há um afeto negativo expressivo na cultura constitucional do país que impede a consecução plena das promessas consagradas pela Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 no que diz respeito à população negra.This research is dedicated to analyzing the interaction between black movements in the Federal District and the National Constituent Assembly of 1987-1988 (NCA). To this end, it mobilizes (i) the Dossiers of administrative, political, and criminal investigations dealing with the Unified Black Movement in the Federal District (UBM/FD), taken from the Public Archives of the Federal District (PAFD); (ii) the minutes of the meetings held in the Subcommittee on Blacks, Indigenous Populations, Disabled People and Minorities of the National Constituent Assembly of 1987-1988; (iii) the final version of the Preliminary Project approved by this Thematic Subcommittee. The time frame will cover the interval from May 10th , 1982, date of the first UBM/FD event registered in PAFD, until May 25th, 1987, when the mentioned Preliminary Project was approved. The documentary collection will be examined with the aid of microhistory, a historiographical method that allows the reduction of the scale of analysis. Aiming to racialize the Brazilian constitutional experience of 1987-1988, the article will operate on the one hand, with some consolidated theories on constitutionalism and democracy and, on the other, concepts arising from black intellectuals. The paper will conclude by stating that the Federal District of the 1980s was a scene of tensions, socializations and thriving conflicts; that the public hearings fixed in the Internal Regulations of the ANC (IRANC) were strategically used by Brazilian social movements, and there is an expressive negative affect in the country's constitutional culture that prevents the full achievement of the promises established in the 1988 Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil with regard to the black population.Cette recherche est consacrée à l'analyse de l'interaction entre les mouvements noirs dans le District Fédéral et l'Assemblée Nationale Constituante de 1987-1988 (ANC). Pour ce faire, mobilise (i) les Dossiers d'enquêtes administratives, politiques et pénales qui traitent du Mouvement Noir Unifié dans le District Fédéral (MNU/DF), extraits des Archives Publiques du District Fédéral (ArPDF); (ii) les procès-verbaux des réunions tenues au sein de la Souscomité sur les Noirs, les Populations Autochtones, les Personnes Handicapées et les Minorités de l'Assemblée Nationale Constituante de 1987-1988; (iii) la version finale de l'avant-projet approuvé par ce Sous-comité thématique. La période couvrira l'intervalle du 10 mai 1982, date du premier événement du MNU/DF enregistré dans ArPDF, jusqu'au 25 mai 1987, date à laquelle le projet préliminaire mentionné a été approuvé. Le fonds documentaire sera examiné à l'aide de la micro-histoire, méthode historiographique qui permet de réduire l'échelle d'analyse. Visant à racialiser l'expérience constitutionnelle brésilienne de 1987-1988, l'article exploitera d'une part, quelques théories consolidées sur le constitutionnalisme et la démocratie et, d'autre part, des concepts issus des intellectuels noirs. L'ouvrage se terminera en précisant que le District Fédéral des années 1980 était le théâtre de tensions, de socialisation et de conflits florissants; que les audiences publiques prévues dans le Règlement Intérieur de l'ANC (RIANC) ont été stratégiquement utilisées par les mouvements sociaux brésiliens; et qu'il existe un effet négatif expressif dans la culture constitutionnelle du pays qui empêche la pleine réalisation des promesses inscrites dans la Constitution de 1988 de la République Fédérative du Brésil à l'égard de la population noire

ANÁLISE DAS TÉCNICAS CIRÚRGICAS PARA REPARAÇÃO E RECONSTRUÇÃO DE PACIENTES COM SÍNDROME DE FOURNIER

Fournier syndrome, also known as Fournier gangrene, is a rare and potentially fatal disease that affects the soft tissues of the genital and perineal region. It is usually caused by a serious bacterial infection, often from a nearby source such as the urinary tract, intestines or skin. This bacterial infection spreads rapidly through the subcutaneous tissue, resulting in inflammation, necrosis (tissue death), and possible sepsis (generalized infection). The objective of this article was to understand the surgical procedures performed on patients with this syndrome and to understand how the process of reconstruction and repair of these conditions occurs. After surgery to treat Fournier syndrome, patients can experience a number of post-operative benefits. This includes removing the infection, relieving symptoms such as pain and swelling, preventing serious complications such as sepsis, promoting proper tissue healing, and improving overall quality of life. Successful recovery from surgery is critical to ensuring these benefits and allowing patients to resume their daily activities.A síndrome de Fournier, também conhecida como gangrena de Fournier, é uma doença rara e potencialmente fatal que afeta os tecidos moles da região genital e perineal. Geralmente é causada por uma infecção bacteriana grave, muitas vezes proveniente de uma fonte próxima, como o trato urinário, intestinos ou pele. Esta infecção bacteriana se espalha rapidamente pelo tecido subcutâneo, resultando em inflamação, necrose (morte do tecido) e possível sepse (infecção generalizada). O objetivo deste artigo foi compreender os procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados em pacientes com essa síndrome e entender como ocorre o processo de reconstrução e reparação dessas condições. Após a cirurgia para tratar a síndrome de Fournier, os pacientes podem experimentar uma série de benefícios pós-operatórios. Isso inclui a remoção da infecção, alívio dos sintomas como dor e inchaço, prevenção de complicações graves como sepse, promoção da cicatrização adequada dos tecidos e melhoria geral da qualidade de vida. A recuperação bem-sucedida da cirurgia é fundamental para garantir esses benefícios e permitir que os pacientes retomem suas atividades diárias

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Clareza, concisão e coesão: princípios e métricas de legibilidade aplicados ao texto de pós-graduandos em Ciência da Informação

Introdução: a barreira da língua dificulta publicar em inglês mesmo quando há mérito científico, pois o problema começa em português, na dificuldade em escrever como a ciência requer. Qual o impacto da aplicação de princípios de clareza, concisão e coesão na extensão e legibilidade de textos científicos? Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar esse impacto ao comparar extensão e indicadores de legibilidade antes e após a aplicação dos princípios. Método: vinte e cinco estudantes de pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação anotaram um texto científico próprio e o de três colegas, em revisão por pares duplo-cega, indicando problemas de estilo de quatro tipos: palavra desnecessária, distância sujeito-verbo excessiva, nominalização excessiva e contextualização tardia. Cada autor reelaborou seu próprio texto para resolver os problemas anotados. Os textos originais e reelaborados foram comparados em extensão e escore de facilidade de leitura de Flesch. Textos originais e reelaborados da literatura também foram mensurados como referência. Resultados: Todos os textos diminuíram em extensão após reelaborados, embora tenha havido mais atenção a problemas gramaticais do que aos quatro problemas de estilo. Houve 13 aumentos, duas manutenções e 10 diminuições nos escores de legibilidade. Esse resultado é compatível com o estudo-referência com textos da literatura. Conclusão: a aplicação dos princípios de legibilidade diminui a extensão e, em acordo com a literatura, tem impacto duvidoso no escore de legibilidade. Resta investigar a traduzibilidade comparada para verificar o pressuposto de que aplicar os princípios é "escrever em inglês em português".Introduction: The language barrier makes it difficult to publish in English, even when there is scientific merit, as the problem starts in Portuguese, in the difficulty of following scientific writing principles. What is the impact of applying principles of clarity, conciseness, and cohesion in the extension and readability of scientific texts? This research aimed to verify this impact when comparing extension and readability indicators before and after applying those principles. Method: Twenty-five Information Science graduate students annotated their own scientific text and that of three colleagues, in a double-blind review, indicating writing style problems of four types: unnecessary word, excessive subject-verb distance, excessive nominalization, and late contextualization. Each author then reworked their own text to solve the problems. The original and reworked texts were compared in length and Flesch Reading Ease score. Original and reworked texts from the literature were also compared, as a reference. Results: All texts were shortened after rework, although annotations were directed most to grammatical problems than to the four style problems. There were 13 increases, 2 maintenance, and 10 decreases in the readability scores. This result is compatible with the benchmark study with texts from the literature. Conclusions: Applying readability principles improves conciseness but, in accordance with the literature, has a dubious impact on the readability score. Compared translatability remains an open research topic, to verify the assumption that applying the principles equates to "write in English in Portuguese"

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Mortality of emergency abdominal surgery in high-, middle- and low-income countries

Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low- or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI). Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression. Results: Data were obtained for 10 745 patients from 357 centres in 58 countries; 6538 were from high-, 2889 from middle- and 1318 from low-HDI settings. The overall mortality rate was 1⋅6 per cent at 24 h (high 1⋅1 per cent, middle 1⋅9 per cent, low 3⋅4 per cent; P < 0⋅001), increasing to 5⋅4 per cent by 30 days (high 4⋅5 per cent, middle 6⋅0 per cent, low 8⋅6 per cent; P < 0⋅001). Of the 578 patients who died, 404 (69⋅9 per cent) did so between 24 h and 30 days following surgery (high 74⋅2 per cent, middle 68⋅8 per cent, low 60⋅5 per cent). After adjustment, 30-day mortality remained higher in middle-income (odds ratio (OR) 2⋅78, 95 per cent c.i. 1⋅84 to 4⋅20) and low-income (OR 2⋅97, 1⋅84 to 4⋅81) countries. Surgical safety checklist use was less frequent in low- and middle-income countries, but when used was associated with reduced mortality at 30 days. Conclusion: Mortality is three times higher in low- compared with high-HDI countries even when adjusted for prognostic factors. Patient safety factors may have an important role. Registration number: NCT02179112 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)