La variable tiempo en el cálculo de acciones para estructuras de edificación

El presente estudio profundiza en los valores las acciones que actúan sobre una estructura conforme a la vida útil para la que se proyecta inicialmente especialmente cuando su vida útil es menor del valos estándar. Esto sucede frecuentemente, en el campo de la rehabilitación

The time variable in the calculation of building structures. How to extend the working life until the 100 years?

The idea that a building and consequently its structure is for a lifetime has stopped being a reference. CTE establishes that the life utility of a normal construction structure should be of 50years. If the time variable is introduced in the calculation of actions on structures, seems evident thatdifferent values can be used for a standard building, for a provisional structure with ≤ 10 years of life utility or for a monumental building with a life utility of 100 years. The present presentation follows at all moment, the directives and formulations given in the different structural Eurocodes, till the moment not included in the CTE. Finally the values of the actions that must be used to extend the life utility of a building until. 100 years will be deduced, also it suitability and e conomic feasibility will be discuss

Hacia los 7 Reinos: Actualizando el conocimiento científico en las aulas

[ES] El análisis de los seres vivos forma parte de los temarios de educación primaria, de secundaria y de muchas titulaciones universitarias, tanto a nivel de grado como de máster. A pesar de que el acceso a información de calidad sobre la clasificación taxonómica es sencillo a día de hoy a través de plataformas como Catalogue of Life, son muchos los docentes que continúan explicando clasificaciones obsoletas. Si bien es cierto que la clasificación de los seres vivos está sometida a cambios constantes derivados de los avances en la ciencia, los estudios genómicos han permitido aclarar la división de los seres vivos en 7 reinos. Esta clasificación, propuesta por Ruggiero et al. (2015), lleva ya años aceptada a nivel científico, sin embargo, no siempre se transmiten los nuevos saberes a las aulas. A través de esta propuesta realizada en los niveles de grado y máster, hemos comprobado que es posible hacer llegar el conocimiento científico al aula utilizando metodologías de aprendizaje activo. Los resultados obtenidos en nuestro estudio, muestran que los estudiantes han valorado positivamente la experiencia y, en general, su conocimiento sobre los seres vivos y la clasificación de los mismos, ha mejorado. Es importante hacer llegar los avances que se producen en el conocimiento a los centros educativos con el fin de que la enseñanza sea de la mayor calidad posible. Por todo ello, es necesario que los docentes reciban la formación adecuada y se mantengan actualizados, al igual que debe actualizarse la legislación vigente en los diferentes niveles educativos..

α-FAPbI3 powder presynthesized by microwave irradiation for photovoltaic applications

The development of up-scalable and high-throughput methodologies to fabricate high-efficiency lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on α-phase formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) is one of the main challenges of making solar energy economical. In this context, PSCs based on α-phase formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) are receiving special attention as this perovskite has the highest theoretical photoconversion efficiency (PCE). This manuscript reports an easy, fast and environmentally-friendly way to prepare α-FAPbI3 black powders by a microwave-assisted synthesis and their application in solar cells. The α-FAPbI3 powders consist of micrometric particles that can be stored for weeks in a closed vial at ambient conditions. This technique presents an enormous potential for upscaling FAPbI3 powders synthesis prerequisite necessary for large scale commercialization. The performance of the presynthesized FAPbI3-based solar cell was comparable with that of PSCs fabricated with the conventional procedure from precursors solutions, leading to a maximum PCE value of 18.15%, with an VOC=1.07 V, a Jsc=24.28 mA/cm2 and an FF=70%. The presynthesized FAPbI3-based solar cell was further modified through the addition of methylammonium chloride (MACl) in order to study the generality of the approach. The optical band gap for the presynthesized perovskite shifted from ∼1.43 eV to ∼1.55 eV with the MACl addition (30 mol%), indicating the formation of a mixed methylammonium and formamidinium based perovskite material (MAFAPbI3). In addition, the incorporation of MACl led to an increase in the grain size and the disappearance of the residual δ-phase perovskite, thus improving the efficiency of the final device.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume

Bitter, Sweet, Salty, Sour and Umami Taste Perception Decreases with Age: Sex-Specific Analysis, Modulation by Genetic Variants and Taste-Preference Associations in 18 to 80 Year-Old Subjects

There is growing interest in relating taste perception to diet and healthy aging. However, there is still limited information on the influence of age, sex and genetics on taste acuity as well as on the relationship between taste perception and taste preferences. We have analysed the influence of age on the intensity rating of the five basic tastes: sweet, salty, bitter, sour and umami (separately and jointly in a ``total taste score´´) and their modulation by sex and genetics in a relatively healthy population (men and women) aged 18-80 years (n = 1020 Caucasian European participants). Taste perception was determined by challenging subjects with solutions of the five basic tastes using standard prototypical tastants (6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), NaCl, sucrose, monopotassium glutamate and citric acid) at 5 increasing concentrations (I to V). We also measured taste preferences and determined the polymorphisms of the genes taste 2 receptor member 38 (TAS2R38), taste 1 receptor member 2 (TAS2R38) and sodium channel epithelial 1 beta subunit (SCNN1B), as TAS2R38-rs713598, TAS1R2-rs35874116 and SCNN1B-rs239345 respectively. We found a statistically significant decrease in taste perception (total taste score) with increasing age for all the concentrations analysed. This association was stronger for the higher concentrations (p = 0.028; p = 0.012; p = 0.005; p = 4.20 x 10(-5) and p = 1.48 x 10(-7), for I to V in the multivariable-adjusted models). When we analysed taste qualities (using concentration V), the intensity rating of all the 5 tastes was diminished with age (p < 0.05 for all). This inverse association differed depending on the test quality, being higher for bitter (PROP) and sour. Women perceived taste significantly more intense than men (p = 1.4 x 10(-8) for ``total taste score´´). However, there were differences depending on the taste, umami being the lowest (p = 0.069). There was a complex association between the ability to perceive a taste and the preference for the same. Significant associations were, nevertheless, found between a higher perception of sour taste and a higher preference for it in women. In contrast, the higher perception of sweet was significantly associated with a higher preference for bitter in both, men and women. The TAS2R38-rs713598 was strongly associated with bitter (PROP) taste (p = 1.38 x 10(-50)), having a significant interaction with sex (p = 0.030). The TAS1R2-rs35874116 was not significantly associated with sweet, whereas the SCNN1B-rs239345 was associated (p = 0.040) with salty taste. In conclusion, the inverse association between age and perceived taste intensity as well as the additional influence of sex and some genetic polymorphisms give rise to large inter-individual differences in taste perception and taste preferences that should be taken into account in future studies and for applications in precision nutrition for healthy aging.This study was partially funded, by the Spanish Ministry of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) and the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (grants CIBER 06/03, PRX17/00500, PI16/00366, PI06/1326 and SAF2016-80532-R); the University Jaume I (grants P1-1B2013-54 and COGRUP/2016/06); the Fundacio La Marato de TV3 (grant 538/U/2016); the Real Colegio Complutense at Harvard University and the Generalitat Valenciana (grant PROMETEO2017/017).S

European Journalism Observatory- a platform for training and professional networks in the Faculty of Information Sciences

The launching of a Spanish platform within the Observatory will serve as a training laboratory for undergraduate and graduate students of the Faculty of Information Sciences at the same time as for establishing a professional media network in and outside Spain. The European Journalism Observatory (EJO) is a network of 14 non-profit media research institutes in 11 countries where Spain continue to be the missing element. All researchers in the EJO network actively strive to transfer their knowledge to the media industry as well as interested publics outside the scientific community, as a platform to enable online availability of at least a portion of many publications in several languages

Desired weight loss and its association with health, health behaviors and perceptions in an adult population with weight excess: One-year follow-up

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) worsens quality of life and increases mortality. Dissatisfaction with weight in patients with MetS may modify the effect of lifestyle interventions to achieve changes in health-related behaviors. Objective: To assess 1-year changes in cardiovascular risk scores, self-perceived general health and health-related behaviors according to observed changes in desired weight loss during the first year of intervention in a large cardiovascular prevention trial. Design: Prospective analysis of the PREDIMED-PLUS trial, including 5,499 adults (55-75 years old) with overweight or obesity at baseline. Methods: The desired weight loss was the difference between ideal and measured weight. Tertiles of change in desired weight loss (1 year vs. baseline) were defined by the following cut-off points: >= 0.0 kg (T1, n = 1,638); 0.0 to -4.0 kg (T2, n = 1,903); <=-4.0 kg (T3, n = 1,958). A food frequency questionnaire assessed diet and the Minnesota-REGICOR questionnaire assessed physical activity. The Framingham equation assessed cardiovascular risks. The changes in the severity of MetS were also assessed. The Beck Depression Inventory assessed depressive symptoms and the SF-36 assessed health-related quality of life. Data were analyzed using general linear models. Results: BMI decreased at T2 and T3 (T1: 0.3, T2: -0.7, T3: -1.9). The most significant improvement in diet quality was observed at T3. Cardiovascular risk decreased at T2 and T3. Mean reductions in MetS severity score were: -0.02 at T1, -0.39 at T2 and -0.78 at T3. The perception of physical health increases in successive tertiles. Conclusions: In older adults with MetS, more ambitious desired weight loss goals were associated with improvements in diet, cardiovascular health and perceived physical health during the first year of a healthy lifestyle intervention programme. Weight dissatisfaction needs to be considered by health professionals

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Pyrochlore luminescent nano-pigments

Treball Final de Grau en Química. Codi: QU0943. Curs acadèmic: 2019/2020Pyrochlores are widely studied for their variety of properties according to their composition, hence their versatility. In this bibliographic work, the study of nanopigments with pyrochlore structure with luminescent properties is shown. It focuses on a wide range of theoretically based introductions of pigments, pyrochlore structure and luminescence. Specifically, Eu 3+ doped Gd2Ti2O7 is studied, comparing three methods of synthesis: sol-gel, Pechini and solid state. Finally, the experimental results are proposed through the application of X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Photoluminescence spectrocopy. Detailed description of each procedure step and discussion of the obtained results have been performed along the project. Additionally, a bibliographic search and description of main theoretical concept on pigments, together with analysis of State of art of inorganic pigments have been performed. Some possible application of the developed materials is proposed