Propuesta de un sistema de vigilancia tecnológica para la industria militar Indumil, como herramienta de apoyo para los proyectos de I+D

(ACTI) del 2010 del Observatorio Colombiano de Ciencia y Tecnología (OCyT), el gasto en estas actividades alrededor del mundo es cada vez mayor, tomando como referencia el porcentaje del PIB que actualmente se destina como inversión a este tipo de proyectos. (ALVAREZ, 2010). En Colombia se generó un plan llamado Visón Colombia 2019, el cual plantea metas en cuanto al desarrollo de ACTI, con el propósito de mejorar la competitividad del país y la calidad de vida de la sociedad (DNP & MINISTERIOS, 2005). Dentro de esta visión se quiere lograr que las instituciones de educación superior (IES) en conjunto con el sector empresarial sean el principal motor para el desarrollo tecnológico (ARBOLEDA, 2008). En este momento el mayor financiador de proyectos de esta índole es el gobierno y los principales ejecutores de este capital son las instituciones de educación superior (IES) y las empresas. (ALVAREZ, 2010) Por medio de la innovación y desarrollo (I+D) se logran avances en todos los sectores empresariales, pero para innovar se tiene que aplicar tecnología, razón por la cual se emplean sistemas de vigilancia tecnológica (SVT) robustos que tengan en cuenta principalmente dos factores; primero, que sean capaces de captar información de fuentes confiables, facilitando la toma de decisiones, y segundo, la habilidad de impactar el desarrollo tangible prestando apoyo a las actividades de ciencia, tecnología e innovación (ACTI). (DURÁN CASA, 2008).Ingeniero (a) IndustrialPregrad

Non spontaneous saccadic movements identification in clinical electrooculography using machine learning

In this paper we evaluate the use of the machine learning algorithms Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbors, CART decision trees and Naive Bayes to identify non spontaneous saccades in clinical electrooculography tests. Our approach tries to solve problems like the use of manually established thresholds present in classical methods like identification by velocity threshold (I-VT) or identification by dispersion threshold (I-DT). We propose a modification to an adaptive threshold estimation algorithm for detecting signal impulses without the need of any user input. Also, a set of features were selected to take advantage of intrinsic characteristics of clinical electrooculography tests. The models were evaluated with signals recorded to subjects affected by Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2 (SCA2). Results obtained by the algorithm shows accuracies over 97%, recalls over 97% and precisions over 91% for the four models evaluated.Universidad de Málaga, Campus de excelencia de Andalucía Tec

Predicción de precios del petróleo y el aluminio usando ecuaciones diferenciales estocásticas

In the globalized today’s world, uncertainty shows up in the modern’s economies performance. This condition influences directly on these economies, because of that, the propensity to suffer the market’s different variables’ fluctuations’ consequences is an unquestionable fact. The commercial and financial opening that distinguish the modern economies on a global context has encouraged the appearance of uncertain sceneries where the risk plays a starring role. This situation requires de implementation of programs to administrate risk with financial conflict’s impact reduction views that attempt against the different economic authors’ stability. Generally, small and open economies present specific characteristics that makes them very vulnerable against economic financials unbalances, amongst them, price variation. That is why; to manage the exposure to prices volatility generates a growing need for financial protection. Cuba enters in this type of economy highly exposed to the given variations in the international scenery. This vulnerability goes deeper with the existence of the economic and financial embargo imposed by the United States. Due to this situation, it is highly beneficious to the island to count with tools to reduce to the minimum risk, and optimize the making decisions’s process on the external commerce’s related questions.En el mundo globalizado de hoy, la incertidumbre se muestra en el desempeño de las economías modernas. Esta condición influye directamente en estas economías, por tanto, la propensión a sufrir las consecuencias de las fluctuaciones de las diferentes variables de mercado es un hecho incuestionable. La apertura comercial y financiera que distingue a las economías modernas en un contexto global ha potenciado la aparición de escenarios inciertos donde el riesgo juega un papel protagónico. Esta situación requiere de la implementación de programas para administrar riesgos con vistas a reducir los impactos de los conflictos financieros que atentan contra la estabilidad de los diferentes actores económicos. En general, las economías pequeñas y abiertas presentan características específicas que las hacen muy vulnerables frente a los desequilibrios en las relaciones económico-financieras, entre ellas, las variaciones de los precios. Por lo tanto, gestionar la exposición a la volatilidad de los precios genera una creciente necesidad de protección financiera. Cuba se inserta en este tipo de economías altamente expuestas a las variaciones dadas en el entorno internacional. Dicha vulnerabilidad se ve profundizada con la existencia del embargo económico y financiero impuesto por los Estados Unidos. Debido a esta situación, resulta beneficioso para la Isla contar con herramientas para reducir al mínimo los riesgos y, optimizar el proceso de toma de decisiones en las cuestiones relacionadas con el comercio exterior

PERFIL DE COMPETENCIAS DE LOS DIRECTIVOS EN CUBA Y SU APLICACIÓN EN LA AGRICULTURA

The article aims to propose a methodology for the design and evaluation of the competency profiles of managers in Cuba, considering the conceptual framework, good practices and current legislation. The methodology is supported in three stages and 14 steps. Some of the results of its application in the agriculture sector are presented in various types of organizations, both in the public administration and in the business system. The application and statistical analysis of the results of the tool for assessing the importance of generic competencies for the fulfillment of the mission and vision of the Grupo Empresarial Ganadero is also shown. The generalizability of this methodology is demonstrated by its implementation in a period of eight months in agriculture, through trainings developed with the cadres of the various types of existing entities, from the ministerial level to the productive base.El artículo tiene como objetivo proponer una metodología para el diseño y evaluación de los perfiles de competencias de los directivos en Cuba, teniendo en cuenta el marco conceptual, las buenas prácticas y la legislación. La metodología se soporta en tres etapas y 14 pasos. Se presentan algunos de los resultados de su aplicación en el sector de la agricultura en diversos tipos de organizaciones, tanto de la administración pública como del sistema empresarial. También se muestra la aplicación y el análisis estadístico de los resultados de la herramienta de valoración de la importancia de las competencias genéricas para el cumplimiento de la misión y visión del Grupo Empresarial Ganadero. La capacidad de generalización de esta metodología está demostrada por su implementación en un período de ocho meses en la agricultura, a través de entrenamientos desarrollados con los cuadros de los diversos tipos de entidades existentes, desde el nivel ministerial hasta la base productiva

Neural Progenitor Cell Implants in the Lesioned Medial Longitudinal Fascicle of Adult Cats Regulate Synaptic Composition and Firing Properties of Abducens Internuclear Neurons

Transplants of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) into the injured CNS have been proposed as a powerful tool for brain repair, but, to date, few studies on the physiological response of host neurons have been reported. Therefore, we explored the effects of NPC implants on the discharge characteristics and synaptology of axotomized abducens internuclear neurons, which mediate gaze conjugacy for horizontal eye movements. NPCs were isolated from the subventricular zone of neonatal cats and implanted at the site of transection in the medial longitudinal fascicle of adult cats. Abducens internuclear neurons of host animals showed a complete restoration of axotomy-induced alterations in eye position sensitivity, but eye velocity sensitivity was only partially regained. Analysis of the inhibitory and excitatory components of the discharge revealed a normal re-establishment of inhibitory inputs, but only partial re-establishment of excitatory inputs. Moreover, their inhibitory terminal coverage was similar to that in controls, indicating that there was ultimately no loss of inhibitory synaptic inputs. Somatic coverage by synaptophysin-positive contacts, however, showed intermediate values between control animals and animals that had undergone axotomy, likely due to partial loss of excitatory inputs. We also demonstrated that severed axons synaptically contacted NPCs, most of which were VEGF immunopositive, and that abducens internuclear neurons expressed the VEGF receptor Flk1. Together, our results suggest that VEGF neurotrophic support might underlie the increased inhibitory-to-excitatory balance observed in the postimplant cells. The noteworthy improvement of firing properties of injured neurons following NPC implants indicates that these cells might provide a promising therapeutic strategy after neuronal lesions

Nerve Growth Factor Regulates the Firing Patterns and Synaptic Composition of Motoneurons

Target-derived neurotrophins exert powerful synaptotrophic actions in the adult brain and are involved in the regulation of different forms of synaptic plasticity. Target disconnection produces a profound synaptic stripping due to the lack of trophic support. Conse- quently, target reinnervation leads to synaptic remodeling and restoration of cellular functions. Extraocular motoneurons are unique in that they normally express the TrkA neurotrophin receptor in the adult, a feature not seen in other cranial or spinal motoneurons, except after lesions such as axotomy or in neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We investigated the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) by retrogradely delivering this neurotrophin to abducens motoneurons of adult cats. Axotomy reduced the density of somatic boutons and the overall tonic and phasic firing modulation. Treatment with NGF restored synaptic inputs and firing modu- lation in axotomized motoneurons. When K252a, a selective inhibitor of tyrosine kinase activity, was applied to specifically test TrkA effects, the NGF-mediated restoration of synapses and firing-related parameters was abolished. Discharge variability and recruitment threshold were, however, increased by NGF compared with control or axotomized motoneurons. Interestingly, these parameters re- turned to normal following application of REX, an antibody raised against neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75 NTR). In conclusion, NGF, acting retrogradely through TrkA receptors, supports afferent boutons and regulates the burst and tonic signals correlated with eye movements. On the other hand, p75 NTR activation regulates recruitment threshold, which impacts on firing regularity. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing powerful synaptotrophic effects of NGF on motoneurons in vivo

Anxiety Influence on the development of temporomandibular disorders

Introduction: the temporomandibular disorders constitute an important health problem in Cuba. Today, it´s well known that the psychosocial factors play an important role in it, especially, with regard to pain adaptation and recovery. Objective: identification of the relationship between temporomandibular disorders and different levels of anxiety in patients belonging to the Family Medical Clinic No. 10 located at the Northern Area of the Sancti Spíritus province, Cuba, during the period January 2019 to January 2020. Methods: an analytical observational study of case-control type was carried out. The population was comprised of 109 patients. The sample consisted of 80 patients distributed in 40 cases and 40 controls. The variables studied were at following: age, sex, temporomandibular disorders, signs and symptoms, anxiety. Temporomandibular disorders were diagnosed through the Helkimo Index and anxiety through the application of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The Chi-squared statistical association test was applied. Results: female patients were predominant (55%) and 51.25% were in the age range of 40-59 years. The most frequent signs and symptoms in patients with temporomandibular disorders were pain in the temporomandibular joints and in muscles of mastication for 85 % and 80 %, respectively. Most of the cases (52.5 %) presented high levels of anxiety. Conclusions: the different levels of anxiety predisposed to the origin and maintenance of temporomandibular disorders in all the patients studied

Influência da ansiedade no desenvolvimento das disfunções temporomandibulares

Introduction: the temporomandibular disorders constitute an important health problem in Cuba. Today, it´s well known that the psychosocial factors play an important role in it, especially, with regard to pain adaptation and recovery. Objective: identification of the relationship between temporomandibular disorders and different levels of anxiety in patients belonging to the Family Medical Clinic No. 10 located at the Northern Area of the Sancti Spíritus province, Cuba, during the period January 2019 to January 2020. Methods: an analytical observational study of case-control type was carried out. The population was comprised of 109 patients. The sample consisted of 80 patients distributed in 40 cases and 40 controls. The variables studied were at following: age, sex, temporomandibular disorders, signs and symptoms, anxiety. Temporomandibular disorders were diagnosed through the Helkimo Index and anxiety through the application of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The Chi-squared statistical association test was applied.Results: female patients were predominant (55%) and 51.25% were in the age range of 40-59 years. The most frequent signs and symptoms in patients with temporomandibular disorders were pain in the temporomandibular joints and in muscles of mastication for 85 % and 80 %, respectively. Most of the cases (52.5 %) presented high levels of anxiety. Conclusions: the different levels of anxiety predisposed to the origin and maintenance of temporomandibular disorders in all the patients studied.Introducción: los trastornos temporomandibulares constituyen un problema de salud importante en Cuba, la causa es de carácter multifactorial, actualmente se sabe que los factores psicosociales juegan un papel importante, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a la adaptación al dolor y su recuperación. Objetivo: identificar la relación entre los trastornos temporomandibulares y los distintos niveles de ansiedad en pacientes pertenecientes al Consultorio Médico de la Familia No. 10 del área Norte de la provincia de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba, durante el período enero de 2019 a enero de 2020. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico del tipo casos y controles. El universo fue de 109 pacientes. La muestra quedó integrada por 80 pacientes distribuidos en 40 casos y 40 controles. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, trastornos temporomandibulares, signos y síntomas, ansiedad. Los trastornos temporomandibulares se diagnosticaron a través del Índice de Helkimo y la ansiedad mediante la aplicación del Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado (IDARE). Se aplicó la prueba de asociación estadística Ji-cuadrado. Resultados: predominaron los pacientes del sexo femenino en un 55 % y el 51,25 % en el rango de edad de 40-59 años. Los signos y síntomas más frecuentes en pacientes con trastornos temporomandibulares fueron el dolor en la articulación temporomandibular y en músculos masticatorios para un 85 % y 80 %, respectivamente. La mayoría de los casos presentaron niveles altos de ansiedad como estado en un 52,5 %.Conclusiones: los distintos niveles de ansiedad predispusieron al origen y mantenimiento de los trastornos temporomandibulares en los pacientes estudiados.Introdução: as disfunções temporomandibulares constituem um importante problema de saúde em Cuba, a causa é multifatorial, atualmente sabe-se que os fatores psicossociais desempenham um papel importante, principalmente no que diz respeito à adaptação à dor e sua recuperação. Objetivo: identificar a relação entre as disfunções temporomandibulares e os diferentes níveis de ansiedade em pacientes pertencentes ao Consultório Médico de Família nº 10 da zona Norte da província de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba, durante o período de janeiro de 2019 a janeiro de 2020. Método:foi realizado um estudo observacional analítico do tipo caso e controle. O universo foi de 109 pacientes. A amostra foi composta por 80 pacientes distribuídos em 40 casos e 40 controles. As variáveis estudadas foram: idade, sexo, disfunção temporomandibular, sinais e sintomas, ansiedade. As disfunções temporomandibulares foram diagnosticadas por meio do Índice de Helkimo e a ansiedade por meio da aplicação do Inventário de Ansiedade Trait-State (IDARE). Foi aplicado o teste de associação estatística Qui-quadrado.Resultados: pacientes do sexo feminino predominaram em 55% e 51,25% na faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos. Os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes em pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular foram dor na articulação temporomandibular e nos músculos mastigatórios para 85% e 80%, respectivamente. A maioria dos casos apresentou níveis elevados de ansiedade como estado em 52,5%. Conclusões: os diferentes níveis de ansiedade predispõem à origem e manutenção das disfunções temporomandibulares nos pacientes estudados

El "huerto ecológico universitario" como recurso didáctico para la mejora de la práctica docente (Escuela Universitaria de Educación y Turismo de Ávila)

Memoria ID-193. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2018-2019

Caracterización biológica en la zona de transición bosque-páramo del Complejo de Páramos Chingaza, Colombia

The Chingaza paramo complex is located in the Colombian eastern Cordillera, in the departments of Cundinamarca, Boyacá and Meta. Most of our current knowledge about this complex comes from studies conducted near Bogotá and some focal sectors in the National Natural Park Chingaza. The goal of this study was to characterize the treeline transition zone through five elevational transects. As a result, we report 11,588 occurrences and 1382 data of functional traits for plants, edaphic fauna, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. In addition, we report occurrences from two vulnerable (VU) plant species (Hedyosmum parvifolium and Centronia brachycera) and a new endemic species (Puya loca). Preliminary analyses show natural variation in the landscape, community composition and altitudinal location of transition zones along the gradient and between locations. Using this dataset, it is possible to recognize defined transitions between high Andean forests and paramo ecosystems, and their elevation turnover through their physiognomic, floristic, ecological and chorological attributes.La mayor parte de los estudios realizados hasta el momento sobre el complejo de páramos de Chingaza se han desarrollado principalmente en las zonas cercanas a Bogotá y algunos sectores del Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar la zona de transición bosque-páramo en el complejo. Realizamos 5 transectos altitudinales en áreas con buen estado de conservación, en los que se obtuvieron 11,588 registros de ocurrencias y 1382 registros de rasgos funcionales de vegetación, edafofauna, anfibios y aves. Registramos dos especies de plantas en estado vulnerable (VU) (Hedyosmum parvifolium y Centronia brachycera) y un nuevo taxón endémico para este complejo de páramo (Puya loca). Análisis preliminares de los datos presentados sugieren variación en estructura biótica a lo largo del gradiente, y cambios en la composición de las comunidades. Con la información presentada se logró identificar la zona de transición entre el bosque altoandino y el páramo por medio de diversos atributos fisonómicos, florísticos, ecológicos y corológicos