The Brotherhood of Our Lady of Guadalupe. Complaints and Indigenous Defenses Before the Ecclesiastical Justice. Colina, Chile, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century. A Case Study

Indexación: Revista UNABEste estudio pretende mostrar la realidad cotidiana de una doctrina rural de la zona centro norte de Chile, en las que se evidencia la alta participación de los indígenas en actividades devocionales, como por ejemplo, la administración de cofradías. En el caso particular de la doctrina de Colina, los expedientes nos relatan un interesante caso en que los indios, mediante el protector de naturales, levantan una querella contra el licenciado Juan de Astorga por despojo de los bienes de la cofradía de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe, fundada por ellos mismos. El caso ilustra, por una parte, la capacidad de los indígenas de reconocer sus posibilidades de acción dentro del sistema jurídico hispano, el conocimiento de sus derechos como grupo y la identificación de sus propiedades y pertenencias comunales, que aquí son defendidas férreamente. Por otra, permite recrear el esquema institucional que funciona en relación con las doctrinas, a la vez que conocer las particularidades de la vida en las zonas rurales, marginales, del Chile central en el período colonial.This study aims to show daily life of a rural doctrine of central Chile where is exhibited the high participation of indigenous people in devotional activities, such the administration of brotherhoods, for example. In the particular case of the doctrine of Colina, processes tell us an interesting case in which the Indians, by the protector of naturals, raise a complaint against the lawyer Juan de Astorga for despoiling of the assets of the brotherhood of Our Lady of Guadalupe, founded by themselves. The case illustrates, on one side, the ability of the indigenous to recognize their possibilities of action within the Spanish legal system, the knowledge of their rights as a group and the identification of their properties and communal belongings, here defended fiercely. Furthermore, it recreates the institutional framework that works in conjunction with the doctrines, while knowing the peculiarities of life in rural zones, marginal areas, of the central Chile during the colonial period.http://revistahumanidades.unab.cl/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Art.-La-cofrad%C3%ADa-de-Nuestra-Se%C3%B1ora-de-Guadalupe.-M.Cordero.pd

“I’ve always known…” The mystic of femininity in Revolutionary Road by Richard Yates.

El presente artículo propone analizar el malestar de April, el personaje femenino de Revolutionary Road (1961) de Richard Yates, en relación con el discurso dominante de la época conocida como “la mística de la feminidad”. A lo largo de este trabajo se profundizará en el inconformismo de April ante los mandatos sociales que como mujer recaen sobre ella, así como las diferentes estrategias mediante las que busca liberarse de los opresivos roles de género y el intento por parte de su marido de subyugarla cuando ve peligrar el “status quo”. Finalmente, se concluirá con las lecturas que se derivan de su decisión final de quitarse la vida. This article aims to analyse the prevailing sense of unease manifested by April, the female character in Richard Yates´ Revolutionary Road (1961) with regard to the dominant discourse of the “feminine mystique”. The novel displays April´s nonconformance to the social order imposed on women during that age. This work focuses on the strategies she devises in order to free herself from the oppressive gender roles, along with the reactions that her efforts imply. Finally, it will conclude with the readings derived from her final decision of committing suicide

Emerging right-wing parties: fake news, fake outsiders? Vox and the “Caso Aislado” website in the 2018 Andalusian elections

El auge actual de nuevos partidos populistas de ultraderecha a nivel global, muchas veces auto posicionados como outsiders o anti-establishment, ha venido acompañado por una preocupación creciente acerca de las estrategias comunicativas que despliegan dichos movimientos, especialmente por su relación con portales de fake news. A raíz de las últimas elecciones autonómicas en Andalucía, con la entrada por primera vez en un parlamento del partido Vox, vuelve a hablarse de la emergencia de una ultraderecha outsider que, ignorada por los medios de comunicación de masas, conquista a su electorado gracias al poder propagador de las redes sociales. ¿Qué función cumplen las webs de fake news en la estrategia de la ultraderecha? ¿se encuentran estas formaciones fuera del espacio de los medios de comunicación de masas? Para responder a estas cuestiones el presente artículo analiza la estrategia comunicativa desplegada por unos de los portales afines a este tipo de partidos durante la campaña electoral andaluza de 2018, con el objetivo de comprobar su nivel de acceso a los medios aplicando los filtros del modelo de propaganda propuesto por Chomsky y Herman. Para ello se realiza un análisis del contenido compartido en redes sociales y un análisis de varias métricas básicas de tráfico a través de herramientas de analítica web. La hipótesis de partida es que la función principal de estos portales no es tanto ejercer como una herramienta para colocar sus temas en la agenda mediática sino reforzar la imagen de outsider de los partidos de ultraderecha.The current rise of new right-wing populist parties at a global level, often self-defined as outsiders or anti-establishment, has received a great amount of attention. Especially, the communicative relations displayed by these movements and their relationship with fake news portals. In the view of what happened in the last elections in Andalusia, with the presence in the parliament of the Vox party, the rise of an outsider right-wing party that, ignored by the mass media, conquers its electorate thanks to the power of social networks is a burning issue. What role do fake news websites play in the strategy of the alt-right? Are these parties outside the agenda of mass media? To answer these questions, this article analyzes the communicative strategy deployed by websites attached to these parties during the Andalusian electoral campaign of 2018, with the objective of establishing their level of access to the media by applying the filters of the propaganda model proposed by Chomsky and Herman. For this purpose, an analysis of shared content in social networks and an analysis of several basic traffic metrics through web analytics tools is carried out. The initial hypothesis is that the main role of these portals is not to be a tool to place their issues on the media agenda but overall to heighten the image of outsiders of the far-right parties

Cognition in healthy aging

The study of cognitive change across a life span, both in pathological and healthy samples, has been heavily influenced by developments in cognitive psychology as a theoretical paradigm, neuropsychology and other bio-medical fields; this alongside the increase in new longitudinal and cohort designs, complemented in the last decades by the evaluation of experimental interventions. Here, a review of aging databases was conducted, looking for the most relevant studies carried out on cognitive functioning in healthy older adults. The aim was to review not only longitudinal, crosssectional or cohort studies, but also by intervention program evaluations. The most important studies, searching for long-term patterns of stability and change of cognitive measures across a life span and in old age, have shown a great range of inter-individual variability in cognitive functioning changes attributed to age. Furthermore, intellectual functioning in healthy individuals seems to decline rather late in life, if ever, as shown in longitudinal studies where age-related decline of cognitive functioning occurs later in life than indicated by cross-sectional studies. The longitudinal evidence and experimental trials have shown the benefits of aerobic physical exercise and an intellectually engaged lifestyle, suggesting that bio-psycho-socioenvironmental factors concurrently with age predict or determine both positive or negative change or stability in cognition in later life

Are psycho-behavioral factors accounting for longevity?

The general objective of this article is to critically review the state of the art regarding current factors accounting for aging, longevity and successful longevity. There are two major constructs which most authors are employing to account for longevity: genetic or intrinsic components versus environmental or extrinsic factors. This classification has important flaws: (i) From an epigenetic standpoint, such a polar classification could lead to misconceptions since both factors are interdependent through lifelong interactions. (ii) There are no specifications regarding these “environmental” factors, which include a broad heterogeneity of conditions (physical, economic, social, and cultural aspects as well as behavioral ones such as lifestyle) but do not include personal conditions, such as psychological characteristics. The review of the new paradigm called successful aging yields an important set of psycho-behavioral factors, and although population indexes such as Disability Free Life Expectancy (DFLE) or Healthy Life expectancy (HLE) have been developed, authors do not take into consideration healthy or successful longevity as a potential prolongation of the new paradigm of active or successful aging. There is a broad corpus of research literature supporting the importance of psycho-behavioral (PB) factors intervening in the ways of aging, specifically intelligence and cognitive functioning, positive emotion and control, personality traits, psychosocial, physical conditions, and lifestyles, all of which are highly associated with active aging, health, longevity, and survival. The importance of these factors accounting for longevity, and successful longevity must be taken into consideration as a pending issue in gerontolog

Health, psycho-social factors, and ageism in older adults in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic

Older adults are a population at risk for COVID-19. This study has two independent objectives: to report the impact of COVID-19, as well as psycho-social responses during lockdown, in a sample of older adults in Spain, and to explore through the review of published surveys what extent ageism has increased at the population level. The first objective was to search through an online questionnaire collecting information about self-reported health, lifestyles, psycho-social conditions, and a diversity of concerns. This questionnaire was administered to a volunteer sample of 315 older Spanish men and women (301 COVID-19-free and 14 diagnosed with COVID-19). All individuals reported that they had information about the COVID-19 pandemic. Their self-perception of health was also quite good, most maintaining healthy lifestyles and few reporting unhealthy behaviors. They reported few changes in family and interpersonal relations during lockdown. Those diagnosed with COVID-19 reported higher levels of anxiety, irritation, and fear, in comparison with the COVID-19-free group. Interestingly, instead of being concerned about health, the greatest concern in both groups (COVID-free and those diagnosed with COVID) were politics and the future. Our second objective, to explore ageism during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, was examined across various surveys conducted in several populations by several authors. Results showed an increase in ageism in Spain. Although some new information about health perception, psychosocial responses, and concerns during this unknown stressful situation was obtained, much more research with representative samples is required in order to arrive at more accurate conclusion

Socially Responsible Human Resource Management and Employee Perception: The Influence of Manager and Line Managers

The aim of this article is to contribute to understanding the importance of considering the effect of employees’ perceptions of Socially Responsible Human Resource Management (SR-HRM) on employee commitment. Results, applied to different levels of the organization (HR managers, line managers and employees) show, on one hand, that there is a relationship between a SR-HRM and employee commitment, and on the other hand, that employees’ perceptions have an influence on the extent to which these relationships are developed. HR managers and line managers perceived SR-HRM in a similar way and line managers and non-managerial employees generally did too. The frequency with which line managers disagree with employees’ perceptions about socially responsible practices was low. Suggestions for HRM practice and future research are provided

Competitive behavior and specialization of the Andalusian trade in the period 1999-2009

Hemos tratado de comprobar, no sólo los cambios generales y tendencias que se han producido en las exportaciones andaluzas desde 1999 a 2009, sino también, aquellos que tienen que ver con la relación entre sectores que aumentan su penetración real en los mercados y que se han comportado de forma competitiva, y su relación con los cambios en la especialización exportadora, para relacionar dichos cambios con los que pueden estar sucediendo en la estructura productiva, comprobando el papel que han desempeñado las provincias.We have tried to verify, not only the general changes and trends that have taken place in the Andalusian exports from 1999 to 2009, but also, those that they have to see with the relation between sectors that increase his royal penetration the markets and that they have endured of competitive form, and his relation with the changes in the exporting specialization, to relate the above mentioned changes with which they can be happening in the productive structure, verifying the paper(role) that the provinces have recovered(played)