Webquest i recursos interactius en xarxa per a la didàctica del patrimoni

Internet és una font inesgotable d'informació que atreu de manera notable els més joves. Els educadors ens hem de posar al dia i aprofitar les possibilitats de la Xarxa i el seu atractiu per transformar-la en una eina al servei de l'ensenyament. Les Webquest acompleixen aquesta missió perfectament, fomentant la cooperació, el bon ús d'Internet i, gràcies al seu plantejament constructivista, fa que tots els alumnes participin en la creació del seu propi coneixement. Veiem què representa Internet en la nostra societat i que son i cóm funcionen les Webquest.Internet es una fuente inagotable de información que atrae de manera notoria a los más jóvenes. Los educadores debemos ponernos al día i aprovechar las posibilidades de la Red y su atractivo, para transformarla en una herramienta al servicio de la enseñanza. Las Webquest cumplen esta misión perfectamente, fomentando la cooperación, el buen uso de Internet y de las herramientas informáticas, y gracias a su planteamiento constructivista, hace que todos los alumnos participen de la creación de su propio conocimiento. Veamos qué representa Internet en nuestra sociedad y que son y como funcionan las Webquest.Internet is an inexhaustible source of information that does attract mostly young people. Educators have to actualize their didactic procedures and have also to take advantage of the possibilities of Internet and its attraction among students for transforming it into a tool for education. Webquests do accomplish this aim, since they foster cooperation, a good use of Internet, and due to their constructivist orientation make possible the participation of students in their own learning process

Dynamics of double-polarity subduction: application to the Western Mediterranean

The Western Mediterranean tectonic setting and history is studied by means of three-dimensional numerical models. Goals are to understand its dynamics and to test the feasibility of a doublepolarity subduction process that could have a key importance in the complex setup of this area. The physical models, the numerical techniques involved, and some results in two and three dimensions are presented in this work.Peer Reviewe

Determinació de gradients geotèrmics a Catalunya: gènesi de les anomalies i interpretació del règim tèrmic

Se presenta la elaboración del mapa de gradientes geotérmicos de Catalunya y su interpretación, a partir de 237 puntos de medición (137 pozos de abastecimiento de agua y 100 sondeos petroleros). EL mapa obtenido tiene un intervalo entre isolíneas de 5 Mk y una resolución espacial media de 25 Km. En la interpretación de los datos se ha desarrollado un modelo litosférico que ha permitido establecer la influencia de los diversos parámetros que determinan su régimen térmico. Asimismo, se han ensayado modelos para explicar las anomalías térmicas regionales y locales. De los resultados obtenidos se desprende que la tendencia general que muestra el gradiente térmico a aumentar en dirección NW-SE puede ser debida al progresivo adelgazamiento litosférico entre los Pirineos y la cuenca balear. Por otra parte, la anomalía térmica que afecta la mitad sur del litoral catalán, es interpretada como un fenómeno de convección forzada con circulación profunda a través de los materiales calcáreos. Igualmente, el conjunto de anomalías térmicas detectadas en la depresión de Osona está determinado por un complejo régimen hidráulico a través de la cobertora sedimentaria, relacionado a su vez, con un sistema de fallas que afecta la depresión. Por último, del análisis cuantitativo realizado en la anomalía de La Garriga-Samalus, se desprende que las anomalías térmicas locales de gran intensidad y asociadas a fuentes termales presentes a lo largo de las sierras y depresiones costeras y los Pirineos, corresponden a procesos de circulación de agua a pequeña escala y bajo condiciones geológicas muy específicas

Determinació de gradients geotèrmics a Catalunya: gènesi de les anomalies i interpretació del règim tèrmic

[spa] Se presenta la elaboración del mapa de gradientes geotérmicos de Catalunya y su interpretación, a partir de 237 puntos de medición (137 pozos de abastecimiento de agua y 100 sondeos petroleros). EL mapa obtenido tiene un intervalo entre isolíneas de 5 Mk y una resolución espacial media de 25 Km. En la interpretación de los datos se ha desarrollado un modelo litosférico que ha permitido establecer la influencia de los diversos parámetros que determinan su régimen térmico. Asimismo, se han ensayado modelos para explicar las anomalías térmicas regionales y locales. De los resultados obtenidos se desprende que la tendencia general que muestra el gradiente térmico a aumentar en dirección NW-SE puede ser debida al progresivo adelgazamiento litosférico entre los Pirineos y la cuenca balear. Por otra parte, la anomalía térmica que afecta la mitad sur del litoral catalán, es interpretada como un fenómeno de convección forzada con circulación profunda a través de los materiales calcáreos. Igualmente, el conjunto de anomalías térmicas detectadas en la depresión de Osona está determinado por un complejo régimen hidráulico a través de la cobertora sedimentaria, relacionado a su vez, con un sistema de fallas que afecta la depresión. Por último, del análisis cuantitativo realizado en la anomalía de La Garriga-Samalus, se desprende que las anomalías térmicas locales de gran intensidad y asociadas a fuentes termales presentes a lo largo de las sierras y depresiones costeras y los Pirineos, corresponden a procesos de circulación de agua a pequeña escala y bajo condiciones geológicas muy específicas

Dynamics of double-polarity subduction: application to the Western Mediterranean

The Western Mediterranean tectonic setting and history is studied by means of three-dimensional numerical models. Goals are to understand its dynamics and to test the feasibility of a doublepolarity subduction process that could have a key importance in the complex setup of this area. The physical models, the numerical techniques involved, and some results in two and three dimensions are presented in this work.Peer Reviewe

A New Southern North Atlantic Isochron Map: Insights Into the Drift of the Iberian Plate Since the Late Cretaceous

This paper presents a new southern North Atlantic plate model from Late Cretaceous to present, with the aim of constraining the kinematics of the Iberian plate during the last 83.5 Myr. This model is presented along with a detailed isochron map generated through the analysis of 3 aeromagnetic tracks and ~400 ship tracks from the National Centers for Environmental Information database. We present a new technique to obtain well‐constrained estimates of the Iberia‐North America plate motions from magnetic anomalies, overcoming the scarcity of large‐offset fracture zones and transform faults. We build an integrated kinematic model for NW Africa, Morocco, Iberia, Europe, and North America, which shows that the deformation is partitioned between Pyrenees and Betic‐Rif orogenic domain during the Late Cretaceous‐Oligocene time interval. In the Eastern Betics domain, the calculated amount of NW Africa‐Iberia convergence is ~80 km between 83.5 and 34 Ma, followed by ~150 km since the Oligocene. The motion of Iberia relative to Europe in the Central Pyrenees is characterized by overall NE directed transpressional motion during the Campanian and the Paleocene, followed by NW directed transpressional movement until the Lutetian and overall NNW directed convergence from Bartonian to Chattian. This motion occurs along the axis of the Bay of Biscay from the Santonian–Campanian boundary to the middle Priabonian, subsequently jumping to King's Trough at Anomaly 17 (36.62 Ma)

Opposite subduction polarity in adjacent plate segments

Active and fossil subduction systems consisting of two adjacent plates with opposite retreating directions occur in several areas on Earth, as the Mediterranean or Western Pacific. The goal of this work is to better understand the first-order plate dynamics of these systems using the results of experimental models. The laboratory model is composed of two separate plates made of silicon putty representing the lithosphere, on top of a tank filled with glucose syrup representing the mantle. The set of experiments is designed to test the influence of the width of plates and the initial separation between them on the resulting trench velocities, deformation of plates, and mantle flow. Results show that the mantle flow induced by both plates is asymmetric relative to the axis of each plate causing a progressive merging of the toroidal cells that prevents a steady state phase of the subduction process and generates a net outward drag perpendicular to the plates. Trench velocities increase when trenches approach each other and decrease when they separate after their intersection. The trench curvature of both plates increases linearly with time during the entire evolution of the process regardless their width and initial separation. The interaction between the return flows associated with each retreating plate, particularly in the interplate region, is stronger for near plate configurations and correlates with variations of rollback velocities. We propose that the inferred first-order dynamics of the presented analog models can provide relevant clues to understand natural complex subduction systemsPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Identification of candidate Parkinson disease genes by integrating genome-wide association study, expression, and epigenetic data sets

Importance Substantial genome-wide association study (GWAS) work in Parkinson disease (PD) has led to the discovery of an increasing number of loci shown reliably to be associated with increased risk of disease. Improved understanding of the underlying genes and mechanisms at these loci will be key to understanding the pathogenesis of PD. Objective To investigate what genes and genomic processes underlie the risk of sporadic PD. Design and Setting This genetic association study used the bioinformatic tools Coloc and transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to integrate PD case-control GWAS data published in 2017 with expression data (from Braineac, the Genotype-Tissue Expression [GTEx], and CommonMind) and methylation data (derived from UK Parkinson brain samples) to uncover putative gene expression and splicing mechanisms associated with PD GWAS signals. Candidate genes were further characterized using cell-type specificity, weighted gene coexpression networks, and weighted protein-protein interaction networks. Main Outcomes and Measures It was hypothesized a priori that some genes underlying PD loci would alter PD risk through changes to expression, splicing, or methylation. Candidate genes are presented whose change in expression, splicing, or methylation are associated with risk of PD as well as the functional pathways and cell types in which these genes have an important role. Results Gene-level analysis of expression revealed 5 genes (WDR6 [OMIM 606031], CD38 [OMIM 107270], GPNMB [OMIM 604368], RAB29 [OMIM 603949], and TMEM163 [OMIM 618978]) that replicated using both Coloc and TWAS analyses in both the GTEx and Braineac expression data sets. A further 6 genes (ZRANB3 [OMIM 615655], PCGF3 [OMIM 617543], NEK1 [OMIM 604588], NUPL2 [NCBI 11097], GALC [OMIM 606890], and CTSB [OMIM 116810]) showed evidence of disease-associated splicing effects. Cell-type specificity analysis revealed that gene expression was overall more prevalent in glial cell types compared with neurons. The weighted gene coexpression performed on the GTEx data set showed that NUPL2 is a key gene in 3 modules implicated in catabolic processes associated with protein ubiquitination and in the ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process in the nucleus accumbens, caudate, and putamen. TMEM163 and ZRANB3 were both important in modules in the frontal cortex and caudate, respectively, indicating regulation of signaling and cell communication. Protein interactor analysis and simulations using random networks demonstrated that the candidate genes interact significantly more with known mendelian PD and parkinsonism proteins than would be expected by chance. Conclusions and Relevance Together, these results suggest that several candidate genes and pathways are associated with the findings observed in PD GWAS studies