Resultados en la cirugía de revisión de la artroplastia de rodilla con aporte de aloinjerto óseo

Hemos realizado un estudio retrospectivo de 12 pacientes (13 rodillas) intervenidos entre 1975 y 2001 de revisión de prótesis de rodilla utilizando aloinjerto óseo, valorando el resultado funcional y clínico. La edad media fue de 62 años. La indicación primaria fue de gonartrosis primaria en 8 casos (9 rodillas), artrosis postraumática en 1 caso y 2 casos de artritis reumatoide. Los defectos óseos fueron clasificados utilizando la clasificación del Anderson Orthopedic Institute Research. Se utilizó aloinjerto de forma fragmentada en 11 casos y de forma estructural en 2. El seguimiento medio fue de 69 meses. En la valoración clínica se utilizó la escala de la Knee Society; la evaluación radiográfica evaluó la existencia de integración del injerto en el huésped. Los 2 casos de artritis reumatoide presentaron infección profunda protésica y que necesitaron de una artrodesis como solución definitiva. El resto de pacientes mostró unos resultados satisfactorios con buena integración del injerto al huésped. La utilización de aloinjerto fragmentado y estructural en la cirugía de revisión protésica de rodilla resuelve de manera satisfactoria la presencia del defecto óseo, aunque en enfermos con algú tipo de inmunopresión, el elevado riesgo de infección profunda en cirugía de revisión nos obliga a extremar las precauciones.We have carried out a retrospective study of 12 patients (13 knees) treated between 1975 and 2001 after failed total knee arthroplasty (TKA), by means of revision surgery using bone allograft. The mean age was of 62 years. The primary indication was degenerative osteoarthritis in 8 cases (9 knees), postraumatic osteoarthritis in 1 case and rheumatoid artritis in 2 cases. The bony defects were classified according to the Anderson's Orthopedic Institute classification. Fragmented allograft was used in 11 cases and structural allograft in 2. The mean follow-up time was of 69 months. Outcome was evaluated through functional and clinical result. For the clinical evaluation the scale of the Knee Society was used; the radiographic evaluation assessed the degree of integration of the graft. The 2 cases of rheumatoid artritis presented deep infection of the TKA that required an arthrodesis for definitive solution. The rest of patients showed satisfactory results with good integration of the bone graft. The use of fragmented and structural allograft in revision surgery of failed TKA solves in a satisfactory way the presence of bony defects, although in patients with some degree of inmunosupression the high risk of deep infection forces to extreme the cautions

Artroplastia de rodilla infectada: Revisión del tratamiento y valoración de resultados

La infección de la artroplastia total de rodilla representa su complicación local más temida con una incidencia actual entre el 1-5%. Se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo del tratamiento empleado en 16 artroplastias de rodilla infectadas (3,1%) en los últimos seis años entre 516 artroplastias realizadas en ese mismo periodo de tiempo valorando la ausencia de infección asó como la evaluación de la rodilla tanto funcional mediante las escalas de la Knee Society como subjetiva del paciente mediante una escala analógica visual en función del tratamiento empleado. En todos los casos se erradicó al final del seguimiento aunque los resultados variaron en función del tratamiento. Los mejores resultados lo obtuvieron las infecciones agudas en las que se realizó un desbridamiento precoz o una revisión en 1 tiempo. La revisión en 2 tiempos obtuvo buenos resultados en infecciones tardía aunque fracasó cuando se realizó en infecciones hematógenas y agudas. La artrodesis se utilizó ante el fracaso de otras técnicas obteniendo resultados regulares. La artroplastia de resección obtuvo malos resultados en todos los casos.Infection of knee arthroplasty in the most local ugly complication with an incidence of 1 to 5%. We retrospectively studied 16 infected knee arthroplasties out of of 516 primary artrhoplasties performed in our department the last 6 years (3.1%), evaluating the absence of infection and the functional knee with the Knee Society Score. Subjective assessment was made using a visual analog scale. At the end of the follow-up the cases were free of infection although results changed depending on treatment performed. Best results were found on acute infections, in which early debridement or one-stage revision were performed. Two-stage revision obtained good results on late infections although it failed when it was attempted on hematogeneus and acute infections. Arthrodesis was done in cases where other techniques failed obtaining fair results. Resection arthroplasty obtained poor results in all cases

Learning ethical, environmental and professional responsibility at Universitat Politècnica de València. Where are we?

[EN] This paper presents a study on the development of the cross-curricular learning outcome (CCLO) "Ethical, environmental and professional responsibility" for students of different Bachelor's Degrees taught at Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Spain). The work involved in the development of this learning outcome entails great complexity, given the double dimension of responsibility that it involves. At the end of their training at the university, students are expected to show ethical, environmental, and professional responsibility towards themselves and others. Interviews have been conducted with lecturers who work and assess this outcome in their subjects, most/all of them related to science and engineering. The objective was to identify the learning approach used in the different subjects to guarantee the acquisition of this CCLO by the students. A focus group has also been carried out with students to determine the importance they give to this learning outcome, and to know their degree of satisfaction with the training received. The methodology used to obtain the data from lecturers and students and to process the information to get a precise diagnosis is fully described in the paper. Results are satisfactory to some extent: most of the lecturers carry out appropriate activities and most students achieve the expected proficiency level. Finally, recommendations are given to improve the development of this cross-curricular learning outcome.This innovative educational project and the APC of this paper were funded by Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, through the project PIME/20-21/219 "Evaluacion del nivel de adquisicion de la CT07 Responsabilidad etica, medioambiental y profesional en los estudios de grado de la UPV. Propuestas de mejora".Gimenez-Carbo, E.; Gómez-Martín, ME.; Fenollosa Forner, EJ.; Cabedo Fabres, M.; Coll-Aliaga, E.; Andrés-Doménech, I.; Sebastiá-Frasquet, M.... (2021). Learning ethical, environmental and professional responsibility at Universitat Politècnica de València. Where are we?. Sustainability. 13(17):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179991S118131

Small dielectric spheres with high Refractive index as new multifunctional elements for optical devices

The future of ultra-fast optical communication systems is inevitably connected with progress in optical circuits and nanoantennas. One of the key points of this progress is the creation of elementary components of optical devices with scattering diagrams tailored for redirecting the incident light in a desired manner. Here we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that a small, simple, spatially homogeneous dielectric subwavelength sphere with a high refractive index and low losses (as some semiconductors in the visible or near infrared region) exhibits properties allowing to utilize it as a new multifunctional element for the mentioned devices. This can be achieved by taking advantage of the coherent effects between dipolar and multipolar modes, which produce anomalous scattering effects. The effects open a new way to control the directionality of the scattered light. The directional tuning can be obtained in a practical way just by a change in the frequency of the incident wave, and/or by a well-chosen diameter of the sphere. Dielectric nanoparticles with the required optical properties in the VIS-NIR may be now readily fabricated. These particles could be an efficient alternative to the widely discussed scattering units with a more complicated design.This research was partly supported by MICINN (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) through project FIS2013-45854-P and by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation through grant 14.Z50.31.0034

A standard protocol to report discrete stage-structured demographic information

Stage-based demographic methods, such as matrix population models (MPMs), are powerful tools used to address a broad range of fundamental questions in ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation science. Accordingly, MPMs now exist for over 3000 species worldwide. These data are being digitised as an ongoing process and periodically released into two large open-access online repositories: the COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database and the COMADRE Animal Matrix Database. During the last decade, data archiving and curation of COMPADRE and COMADRE, and subsequent comparative research, have revealed pronounced variation in how MPMs are parameterized and reported. Here, we summarise current issues related to the parameterisation and reporting of MPMs that arise most frequently and outline how they affect MPM construction, analysis, and interpretation. To quantify variation in how MPMs are reported, we present results from a survey identifying key aspects of MPMs that are frequently unreported in manuscripts. We then screen COMPADRE and COMADRE to quantify how often key pieces of information are omitted from manuscripts using MPMs. Over 80% of surveyed researchers (n = 60) state a clear benefit to adopting more standardised methodologies for reporting MPMs. Furthermore, over 85% of the 300 MPMs assessed from COMPADRE and COMADRE omitted one or more elements that are key to their accurate interpretation. Based on these insights, we identify fundamental issues that can arise from MPM construction and communication and provide suggestions to improve clarity, reproducibility and future research utilising MPMs and their required metadata. To fortify reproducibility and empower researchers to take full advantage of their demographic data, we introduce a standardised protocol to present MPMs in publications. This standard is linked to www.compa dre-db.org, so that authors wishing to archive their MPMs can do so prior to submission of publications, following examples from other open-access repositories such as DRYAD, Figshare and Zenodo. Combining and standardising MPMs parameterized from populations around the globe and across the tree of life opens up powerful research opportunities in evolutionary biology, ecology and conservation research. However, this potential can only be fully realised by adopting standardised methods to ensure reproducibility

A standard protocol to report discrete stage‐structured demographic information

Stage-based demographic methods, such as matrix population models (MPMs), are powerful tools used to address a broad range of fundamental questions in ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation science. Accordingly, MPMs now exist for over 3000 species worldwide. These data are being digitised as an ongoing process and periodically released into two large open-access online repositories: the COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database and the COMADRE Animal Matrix Database. During the last decade, data archiving and curation of COMPADRE and COMADRE, and subsequent comparative research, have revealed pronounced variation in how MPMs are parameterized and reported. Here, we summarise current issues related to the parameterisation and reporting of MPMs that arise most frequently and outline how they affect MPM construction, analysis, and interpretation. To quantify variation in how MPMs are reported, we present results from a survey identifying key aspects of MPMs that are frequently unreported in manuscripts. We then screen COMPADRE and COMADRE to quantify how often key pieces of information are omitted from manuscripts using MPMs. Over 80% of surveyed researchers (n = 60) state a clear benefit to adopting more standardised methodologies for reporting MPMs. Furthermore, over 85% of the 300 MPMs assessed from COMPADRE and COMADRE omitted one or more elements that are key to their accurate interpretation. Based on these insights, we identify fundamental issues that can arise from MPM construction and communication and provide suggestions to improve clarity, reproducibility and future research utilising MPMs and their required metadata. To fortify reproducibility and empower researchers to take full advantage of their demographic data, we introduce a standardised protocol to present MPMs in publications. This standard is linked to www.compadre-db.org, so that authors wishing to archive their MPMs can do so prior to submission of publications, following examples from other open-access repositories such as DRYAD, Figshare and Zenodo. Combining and standardising MPMs parameterized from populations around the globe and across the tree of life opens up powerful research opportunities in evolutionary biology, ecology and conservation research. However, this potential can only be fully realised by adopting standardised methods to ensure reproducibility

A standard protocol to report discrete stage-structured demographic information

Stage-based demographic methods, such as matrix population models (MPMs), are powerful tools used to address a broad range of fundamental questions in ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation science. Accordingly, MPMs now exist for over 3000 species worldwide. These data are being digitised as an ongoing process and periodically released into two large open-access online repositories: the COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database and the COMADRE Animal Matrix Database. During the last decade, data archiving and curation of COMPADRE and COMADRE, and subsequent comparative research, have revealed pronounced variation in how MPMs are parameterized and reported. Here, we summarise current issues related to the parameterisation and reporting of MPMs that arise most frequently and outline how they affect MPM construction, analysis, and interpretation. To quantify variation in how MPMs are reported, we present results from a survey identifying key aspects of MPMs that are frequently unreported in manuscripts. We then screen COMPADRE and COMADRE to quantify how often key pieces of information are omitted from manuscripts using MPMs. Over 80% of surveyed researchers (n = 60) state a clear benefit to adopting more standardised methodologies for reporting MPMs. Furthermore, over 85% of the 300 MPMs assessed from COMPADRE and COMADRE omitted one or more elements that are key to their accurate interpretation. Based on these insights, we identify fundamental issues that can arise from MPM construction and communication and provide suggestions to improve clarity, reproducibility and future research utilising MPMs and their required metadata. To fortify reproducibility and empower researchers to take full advantage of their demographic data, we introduce a standardised protocol to present MPMs in publications. This standard is linked to www.compadre-db.org, so that authors wishing to archive their MPMs can do so prior to submission of publications, following examples from other open-access repositories such as DRYAD, Figshare and Zenodo. Combining and standardising MPMs parameterized from populations around the globe and across the tree of life opens up powerful research opportunities in evolutionary biology, ecology and conservation research. However, this potential can only be fully realised by adopting standardised methods to ensure reproducibility