149 research outputs found

    A multiculturalidade do Martim Moniz à Almirante Reis

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    Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Urbanismo apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.A presente investigação, uma dissertação de natureza científica, centra-se na temática do espaço público e na importância da componente cultural no projeto desses espaços. Constata- se que a diversidade cultural está cada vez mais presente nas metrópoles contemporâneas, como o caso de Lisboa, marcadas pela multiculturalidade. Partiu-se de uma investigação teórica em torno das temáticas relacionadas com o espaço público e a componente cultural, bem como, simultaneamente, de uma investigação no terreno onde se privilegiou uma metodologia qualitativa, através da observação no local, para compreensão do objeto empírico: o espaço público compreendido entre o Martim Moniz e o eixo da Avenida Almirante Reis. Desenvolveu-se uma reflexão acerca da problemática das definições de espaço público e cultura, tendo em conta quer os vários tipos de espaço público existentes; e a forma como as diferentes culturas vivem o espaço e se apropriam dele; como exemplos de algumas iniciativas internacionais e nacionais que propõem soluções para o espaço público tendo em conta a dimensão cultural do mesmo. Como conclusão, sugerem-se algumas ideias que devem estar subjacentes ao projeto de um espaço público, apresentando concretamente um conjunto de propostas para o espaço público da zona estudada.ABSTRACT: The present research, a dissertation of scientific nature, focuses on the theme of public space and the importance of the cultural component in the design of these spaces. It can be seen that cultural diversity is increasingly present in contemporary metropolises, such as Lisbon, marked by multiculturalism. It was based on a theoretical investigation around the themes related to the public space and the cultural component, as well as, simultaneously, an investigation in the field where a qualitative methodology was favored, through observation in the place, to understand the empirical object: the public space between Martim Moniz and the axis of Avenida Almirante Reis. A reflection on the problem of definitions of public space and culture has been developed, taking into account both the various types of public space available; and how different cultures live the space and appropriate it; as examples of some international and national initiatives that propose solutions for the public space taking into account the cultural dimension of the same. As a conclusion, we suggest some ideas that should underlie the design of a public space, concretely presenting a set of proposals for the public space of the area studied.N/

    Life Cycle Canvas (LCC): A Visual Model for the Project Life Cycle Management

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    Dentro de um contexto organizacional atual de incertezas, dinamismo e mudanças constantes, alguns estudos têm apresentado críticas às práticas tradicionais de gerenciamento de projetos. Em paralelo, observa-se o surgimento de modelos visuais como alternativos à gestão tradicional. Dentre esses modelos, têm-se o Life Cycle Canvas (LCC), que sugere a gestão do ciclo de vida de um projeto, sem desconsiderar as recomendações propostas pelas práticas já reconhecidas neste ramo de atuação. O objetivo deste estudo é de verificar a eficácia e as implicações do modelo LCC para a gestão do ciclo de vida de um projeto. A pesquisa se torna importante, no sentido de explorar um modelo ainda não investigado, quando se trata da aplicação da gestão do ciclo de vida do projeto. Para isto, foi utilizado como enfoque de análise a abordagem qualitativa, por meio do método de pesquisa-ação relacionado à construção de um projeto real em uma empresa pública. Os resultados obtidos demostraram a aderência do modelo LCC, considerando a sua proposta de promover a gestão em todas suas etapas de gerenciamento, com destaque para a gestão da mudança, pelo qual foram utilizadas as ferramentas de apoio que previam ajustes e ações de correção durante a sua execução. O estudo também gerou implicações gerenciais, como a viabilidade de aplicação e geração do produto final do projeto, bem como viabilidade de aplicação do modelo LCC em outros projetos com simplicidade semelhante de escopo, abrindo espaço para pesquisas futuras de aplicação do modelo.Within a current organizational context of uncertainty, dynamism and constant changes, some studies have been critical of traditional project management practices. In parallel, the emergence of visual models as alternatives to traditional management is observed. These models include the Life Cycle Canvas (LCC), which suggests the management of project life cycle, without disregarding the recommendations proposed by the practices already recognized in this field. The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness and implications of the LCC model for the management of project life cycle. The research becomes important in order to explore a model not yet investigated, when it comes to the application of project life cycle management. For this, it was used as a focus of analysis the qualitative approach, through the research-action method related to the construction of a real project in a public company. The results obtained demonstrated the adherence of the LCC model, considering its proposal to promote management in all its management stages, with emphasis on the management of the change, through which support tools were used that provided for adjustments and correction actions during the execution. The study also generated managerial implications, such as the feasibility of applying and generating the final product of the project, as well as feasibility of applying the LCC model in other projects with similar simplicity of scope, opening up space for future research on the application of the model

    Estudo da regeneração natural de espécies arbóreas em fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Densa, Mata das Galinhas, no município de Catende, zona da mata sul de Pernambuco.

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    The study was developed in the fragment situated in the Catende is PE city (Mata das Galinhas 8º6906S e 35º6908 W), in mesoregion of the pernambucana forest, more necessarily in the humid forest is microregion, at 142 km of the capital. The area is vegetacion is Humid Forest. The relief varies wavy to very wavy, with 199 m altitude. The soil is classified as red latisols dystrophic and red nitosols associated to latisols. The present work aims to study and evaluated the total natural regeneration of arboreal species in the forest fragment and to verify the diversity and structure of the species in the same one. For estimate the natural regeneration, were made systematically 16 subunits (samples with 5 x 5 m). These subunits were inserted in the middle samples (10 x 25 m) before used to evaluate the community arboreal phytossociology, with 50 meters between the ones. The regeneration study (CAP < 15 cm) was developed with heights divided in three categories (1 individuals with minimum heights 1 < 2 m; 2 - individuals with minimum heights 2 < 3 m; 3 - individuals with heights > 3 m). Besides, the samply sufficient and diversity were calculated. In fragment was observed 31 botanical families and 60 arboreal species inside 194 individuals. 42 had been identified in level of species, 4 in sort level, 2 in family level and 2 are not identify. Ten species obtained bigest values for total natural regeneration of the samples population (RNT) and contribute with 53,78% of the total percentage, how is descript following way: Brosimum discolor Schott (9,98%), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (9,19%), Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers (8,01%), Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth. (7,0%), Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith (5,44%), Erythroxylum squamatum Sw. (3,32%), Cupania revoluta Rolfe (3,16%), Sorocea hilarii Gaudich

    Estudo da regeneração natural de espécies arbóreas em fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Densa, Mata das Galinhas, no município de Catende, zona da mata sul de Pernambuco.

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    The study was developed in the fragment situated in the Catende’s – PE city (Mata das Galinhas – 8º69'06" S; 35º69'08" W), in mesoregion of the pernambucana forest, more necessarily in the humid forest’s microregion, at 142 km of the capital. The area’s vegetacion is Humid Forest. The relief varies wavy to very wavy, with 199 m altitude. The soil is classified as red latisols dystrophic and red nitosols associated to latisols. The present work aims to study and evaluated the total natural regeneration of arboreal species in the forest fragment and to verify the diversity and structure of the species in the same one. For estimate the natural regeneration, were made systematically 16 subunits (samples with 5 x 5 m). These subunits were inserted in the middle samples (10 x 25 m) before used to evaluate the community arboreal phytossociology, with 50 meters between the ones. The regeneration study (CAP &lt; 15 cm) was developed with heights divided in three categories (1 – individuals with minimum heights 1 &lt; 2 m; 2 - individuals with minimum heights 2 &lt; 3 m; 3 - individuals with heights &gt; 3 m). Besides, the samply sufficient and diversity were calculated. In fragment was observed 31 botanical families and 60 arboreal species inside 194 individuals. 42 had been identified in level of species, 4 in sort level, 2 in family level and 2 are not identify. Ten species obtained bigest values for total natural regeneration of the samples population (RNT) and contribute with 53,78% of the total percentage, how is descript following way: Brosimum discolor Schott (9,98%), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (9,19%), Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers (8,01%), Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth. (7,0%), Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith (5,44%), Erythroxylum squamatum Sw. (3,32%), Cupania revoluta Rolfe (3,16%), Sorocea hilarii Gaudich. (2,66%), Cordia nodosa Lam. (2,52%) e Tapirira guianensis Aubl. (2,50%). These species had presented a good capacity of regeneration, probably they will be main responsible for the maintenance of forest’s structure and physiognomy. The diversity (H ') was 3,65 nats/ind for the fragment.O estudo foi desenvolvido no fragmento denominado Mata das Galinhas, situado no município de Catende - PE, na mesorregião da mata pernambucana, mais precisamente na microrregião da mata úmida, a 142 Km da capital, nas coordenadas 8º69'06"S e 35º69'08" W, com altitude média de 199m. O relevo varia, predominantemente, de ondulado a forte ondulado. Os solos predominantes são classificados como latossolo vermelho distrófico e nitossolo vermelho associado ao latossolo. A vegetação é de Floresta Ombrófila Densa. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a regeneração natural de espécies arbóreas no fragmento florestal e verificar a diversidade e a estrutura das espécies no mesmo. Para a estimativa da regeneração natural das espécies arbóreas, foram locadas, de forma sistemática, 16 subparcelas de 25 m² (5 x 5 m), no centro de 16 unidades amostrais permanentes de 250 m2 (10,0 x 25,0 m), para o estudo da fitossociologia da comunidade arbórea adulta, com um distanciamento de 50 m entre si. O nível de inclusão foi de CAP &lt; 15 cm, e a medição de altura (h) foi dividida em classes, em que a classe 1 contemplou indivíduos com 1,0 &lt; h &lt; 2,0 m, a classe 2 com indivíduos 2,0 &lt; h &lt; 3,0 m e a classe, 3 indivíduos com h &gt; 3,0 m. Foram realizados os cálculos da suficiência amostral e da diversidade. No fragmento, foram amostrados 194 indivíduos, pertencentes a 31 famílias botânicas e a 60 espécies arbóreas. Destas, 42 foram identificadas em nível de espécie; 4,em nível de gênero; 2, em nível de família; e 2, indeterminadas. As dez espécies com maiores valores para regeneração natural Total da População Amostrada (RNT) representaram 53,78%, estando assim distribuídas: Brosimum discolor Schott (9,98%), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (9,19%), Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers (8,01%), Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth. (7,0%), Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith (5,44%), Erythroxylum squamatum Sw. (3,32%), Cupania revoluta Rolfe (3,16%), Sorocea hilarii Gaudich. (2,66%), Cordia nodosa Lam. (2,52%) e Tapirira guianensis Aubl. (2,50%). Tais espécies apresentaram capacidade de regeneração no fragmento, sendo que, no futuro, provavelmente, serão as principais responsáveis pela manutenção da estrutura e fisionomia da floresta. O índice de diversidade encontrado para o fragmento foi de 3,57 nats/ind

    NATURAL REGENERATION'S STUDY OF ARBOREAL SPECIES IN MATA DAS GALINHAS FRAGMENT, HUMID FOREST IN CATENDE'S CITY, PERNAMBUCO'S SOUTH ZONE

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    O estudo foi desenvolvido no fragmento denominado Mata das Galinhas, situado no munic\uedpio de Catende \u2013 PE, na mesorregi\ue3o da mata pernambucana, mais precisamente na microrregi\ue3o da mata \ufamida, a 142 Km da capital, nas coordenadas 8\ub069'06"S e 35\ub069'08" W, com altitude m\ue9dia de 199m. O relevo varia, predominantemente, de ondulado a forte ondulado. Os solos predominantes s\ue3o classificados como latossolo vermelho distr\uf3fico e nitossolo vermelho associado ao latossolo. A vegeta\ue7\ue3o \ue9 de Floresta Ombr\uf3fila Densa. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a regenera\ue7\ue3o natural de esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas no fragmento florestal e verificar a diversidade e a estrutura das esp\ue9cies no mesmo. Para a estimativa da regenera\ue7\ue3o natural das esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas, foram locadas, de forma sistem\ue1tica, 16 subparcelas de 25 m2 (5 x 5 m), no centro de 16 unidades amostrais permanentes de 250 m2 (10,0 x 25,0 m), para o estudo da fitossociologia da comunidade arb\uf3rea adulta, com um distanciamento de 50 m entre si. O n\uedvel de inclus\ue3o foi de CAP 64 15 cm, e a medi\ue7\ue3o de altura (h) foi dividida em classes, em que a classe 1 contemplou indiv\uedduos com 1,0 64 h 64 2,0 m, a classe 2 com indiv\uedduos 2,0 &lt; h 64 3,0 m e a classe, 3 indiv\uedduos com h &gt; 3,0 m. Foram realizados os c\ue1lculos da sufici\ueancia amostral e da diversidade. No fragmento, foram amostrados 194 indiv\uedduos, pertencentes a 31 fam\uedlias bot\ue2nicas e a 60 esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas. Destas, 42 foram identificadas em n\uedvel de esp\ue9cie; 4,em n\uedvel de g\ueanero; 2, em n\uedvel de fam\uedlia; e 2, indeterminadas. As dez esp\ue9cies com maiores valores para regenera\ue7\ue3o natural Total da Popula\ue7\ue3o Amostrada (RNT) representaram 53,78%, estando assim distribu\ueddas: Brosimum discolor Schott (9,98%), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (9,19%), Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers (8,01%), Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth. (7,0%), Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith (5,44%), Erythroxylum squamatum Sw. (3,32%), Cupania revoluta Rolfe (3,16%), Sorocea hilarii Gaudich. (2,66%), Cordia nodosa Lam. (2,52%) e Tapirira guianensis Aubl. (2,50%). Tais esp\ue9cies apresentaram capacidade de regenera\ue7\ue3o no fragmento, sendo que, no futuro, provavelmente, ser\ue3o as principais respons\ue1veis pela manuten\ue7\ue3o da estrutura e fisionomia da floresta. O \uedndice de diversidade encontrado para o fragmento foi de 3,57 nats/ind.The study was developed in the fragment situated in the Catende's \u2013 PE city (Mata das Galinhas \u2013 8\ub069'06" S; 35\ub069'08" W), in mesoregion of the pernambucana forest, more necessarily in the humid forest's microregion, at 142 km of the capital. The area's vegetacion is Humid Forest. The relief varies wavy to very wavy, with 199 m altitude. The soil is classified as red latisols dystrophic and red nitosols associated to latisols. The present work aims to study and evaluated the total natural regeneration of arboreal species in the forest fragment and to verify the diversity and structure of the species in the same one. For estimate the natural regeneration, were made systematically 16 subunits (samples with 5 x 5 m). These subunits were inserted in the middle samples (10 x 25 m) before used to evaluate the community arboreal phytossociology, with 50 meters between the ones. The regeneration study (CAP 64 15 cm) was developed with heights divided in three categories (1 \u2013 individuals with minimum heights 1 64 2 m; 2 - individuals with minimum heights 2 64 3 m; 3 - individuals with heights &gt; 3 m). Besides, the samply sufficient and diversity were calculated. In fragment was observed 31 botanical families and 60 arboreal species inside 194 individuals. 42 had been identified in level of species, 4 in sort level, 2 in family level and 2 are not identify. Ten species obtained bigest values for total natural regeneration of the samples population (RNT) and contribute with 53,78% of the total percentage, how is descript following way: Brosimum discolor Schott (9,98%), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (9,19%), Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers (8,01%), Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth. (7,0%), Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith (5,44%), Erythroxylum squamatum Sw. (3,32%), Cupania revoluta Rolfe (3,16%), Sorocea hilarii Gaudich. (2,66%), Cordia nodosa Lam. (2,52%) e Tapirira guianensis Aubl. (2,50%). These species had presented a good capacity of regeneration, probably they will be main responsible for the maintenance of forest's structure and physiognomy. The diversity (H ') was 3,65 nats/ind for the fragment

    Sphingolipid metabolic flow controls phosphoinositide turnover at the trans Golgi network

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    Sphingolipids are membrane lipids, which are globally required for eukaryotic life. Sphingolipid composition varies among endomembranes with pre- and post-Golgi compartments being poor and rich in sphingolipids, respectively. Thanks to this different sphingolipid content, pre- and post-Golgi membranes serve different cellular functions. Nevertheless, how subcellular sphingolipid levels are maintained in spite of trafficking and metabolic fluxes is only partially understood. Here we describe a homeostatic control circuit that controls sphingolipid levels at the trans Golgi network. Specifically, we show that sphingomyelin production at the trans Golgi network triggers a signalling reaction leading to PtdIns(4)P dephosphorylation. Since PtdIns(4)P is required for cholesterol, and sphingolipid transport to the trans Golgi network, PtdIns(4)P consumption leads to the interruption of this transport in response to excessive sphingomyelin production. Based on this evidence we envisage a model where this homeostatic circuit maintains the lipid composition of trans Golgi network and thus of post-Golgi compartments constant, against instant fluctuations in the sphingolipid biosynthetic flow.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

    Estrutura fitossociológica do componente arbóreo de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Densa na mata sul de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil.

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    This work aimed to describe physiognomy and structure of a Dense Ombrophyllous Forest fragment located in Catende, Pernambuco. All trees with DAP (breast height diameter) ≥ 4.77 cm were measured in 40 10 x 25 m plots, systematically installed in five transects. A total of 1049 individuals were observed, distributed in 91 species, 64 genera and 37 botanical families. Mimosaceae and Lauraceae were the families with higher species number, while Anacardiaceae and Moraceae had the highest individuals numbers. Shannon index (H’) was 3.83 nats/ind. Total basal area, height and diameter (average and maximum) were 23.59 m2/ha, 13.57 m (± 7.13), 45 m, 13.20 cm (± 10.60) and 127.32 cm, respectively.  The species with higher importance values were Tapirira guianensis Aubl., Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith, Helicostylis tomentosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Rusby, Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth., Plathymenia foliolosa Benth., Brosimum discolor Schott, Parkia pendula (Willd.) Benth. ex Walp., Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin, Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers and Cecropia palmata Willd. Diametric distribution had an inverted-J-like curve, predicted for a forest unequal in ages in a secondary succession stage.A Tabebuia aurea (craibeira) é uma espécie arbórea nativa que pode ser utilizada na recomposição de áreas degradadas, como planta ornamental e fornecedora de madeira de boa qualidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas e substratos sobre a germinação das sementes e o crescimento inicial de plântulas de Tabebuia aurea. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 5 x 5 (cinco substratos: papel toalha, areia, vermiculita, pó de coco e Tropstrato®; cinco temperaturas: 25, 30, 35, 20-30 e 20-35ºC), com quatro repetições de 25 sementes cada. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, comprimento e massa seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicial. As temperaturas e substratos influenciaram as características avaliadas, exceto a avaliação final da germinação, a qual variou entre 84 e 94%. As temperaturas ótimas de germinação foram 30 e 35ºC. Os substratos papel toalha e entre areia foram mais adequados para avaliação segura da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Tabebuia aurea

    RINT1 deficiency disrupts lipid metabolism and underlies a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia

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    The Rad50 interacting protein 1 (Rint1) is a key player in vesicular trafficking between the ER and Golgi apparatus. Biallelic variants in RINT1 cause infantile-onset episodic acute liver failure (ALF). Here, we describe 3 individuals from 2 unrelated families with novel biallelic RINT1loss-of-function variants who presented with early onset spastic paraplegia, ataxia, optic nerve hypoplasia, and dysmorphic features, broadening the previously described phenotype. Our functional and lipidomic analyses provided evidence that pathogenic RINT1 variants induce defective lipid-droplet biogenesis and profound lipid abnormalities in fibroblasts and plasma that impact both neutral lipid and phospholipid metabolism, including decreased triglycerides and diglycerides, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine ratios, and inhibited Lands cycle. Further, RINT1 mutations induced intracellular ROS production and reduced ATP synthesis, affecting mitochondria with membrane depolarization, aberrant cristae ultrastructure, and increased fission. Altogether, our results highlighted the pivotal role of RINT1 in lipid metabolism and mitochondria function, with a profound effect in central nervous system development

    Phytosociological structure of the arboreous component of Dense Ombrophylous Forest fragment in south bush of Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil

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    O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a fisionomia e a estrutura de um fragmento de Floresta Ombr\uf3fila Densa localizado no munic\uedpio de Catende, Pernambuco. Foram mensuradas todas as \ue1rvores com de DAP (di\ue2metro a altura do peito) 65 4,77 cm em quarenta parcelas (10 x 25 m), instaladas sistematicamente em cinco transectos. Observou-se 1.049 indiv\uedduos, distribu\ueddos em 91 esp\ue9cies, 64 g\ueaneros e 37 fam\uedlias bot\ue2nicas. Mimosaceae e Lauraceae foram as fam\uedlias com maior n\ufamero de esp\ue9cies enquanto que Anacardiaceae e Moraceae tiveram o maior n\ufamero de indiv\uedduos. O \uedndice do Shannon (H') foi de 3,83 nats/ind. A \ue1rea basal total, a altura e o di\ue2metro (m\ue9dio e m\ue1ximo) foram 23,59 m2/ha, 13,57 m (\ub17,13), 45 m, 13,20 cm (\ub110,60) e 127,32 cm respectivamente. As dez esp\ue9cies de maior valor de import\ue2ncia foram Tapirira guianensis Aubl., Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith, Helicostylis tomentosa (Poepp. &amp; Endl.) Rusby, Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth., Plathymenia foliolosa Benth., Brosimum discolor Schott, Parkia pendula (Willd.) Benth. ex Walp., Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. &amp; Frodin, Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers e Cecropia palmata Willd. A distribui\ue7\ue3o diam\ue9trica apresentou curva semelhante \ue0 forma de J-invertido, prevista para uma floresta ineq\ufci\ue2nea em est\ue1gio de sucess\ue3o secund\ue1ria.This work aimed to describe physiognomy and structure of a Dense Ombrophyllous Forest fragment located in Catende, Pernambuco. All trees with DAP (breast height diameter) 65 4.77 cm were measured in 40 10 x 25 m plots, systematically installed in five transects. A total of 1049 individuals were observed, distributed in 91 species, 64 genera and 37 botanical families. Mimosaceae and Lauraceae were the families with higher species number, while Anacardiaceae and Moraceae had the highest individuals numbers. Shannon index (H') was 3.83 nats/ind. Total basal area, height and diameter (average and maximum) were 23.59 m2/ha, 13.57 m (\ub1 7.13), 45 m, 13.20 cm (\ub1 10.60) and 127.32 cm, respectively. The species with higher importance values were Tapirira guianensis Aubl., Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwith, Helicostylis tomentosa (Poepp. &amp; Endl.) Rusby, Thyrsodium spruceanum Benth., Plathymenia foliolosa Benth., Brosimum discolor Schott, Parkia pendula (Willd.) Benth. ex Walp., Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. &amp; Frodin, Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers and Cecropia palmata Willd. Diametric distribution had an inverted-J-like curve, predicted for a forest unequal in ages in a secondary succession stage
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