Acúmulo e decomposição da serapilheira em quatro formações florestais

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509810549The aim of this study was to quantify the litter layer on the soil and its decomposition rate, in four different forest types: wild stands of Acacia mangium, Mimosa artemisiana Heringer & Paula and Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, and a secondary forest at Fazenda Cachoeirão in the municipality of Além Paraíba, Minas Gerais state. In each forest formation, there were two http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509810549O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a serapilheira acumulada sobre o solo e sua taxa de decomposição, em quatro diferentes tipologias florestais: povoamentos de Acacia mangium wild, Mimosa artemisiana Heringer & Paula e Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla; e uma floresta secundária na fazenda Cachoeirão, no município de Além Paraíba, MG. Em cada formação florestal foram feitas duas avaliações, a primeira em junho de 2008 e a segunda em junho de 2009, o material foi levado para laboratório, sendo separado, seco em estufa e pesado. Para avaliação da decomposição da serapilheira, foram utilizados litter bags, sendo as coletas realizadas aos 30, 60, 90, 150 e 210 dias após a instalação. O povoamento de eucalipto apresentou os maiores estoques nas duas coletas, enquanto mimosa (Mimosa artemisiana Heringer & Paula) apresentou menores valores. A serapilheira de mimosa (Mimosa artemisiana Heringer & Paula) apresentou a maior taxa de decomposição, com valores de K = 0,0034 e T1/2= 203 dias, enquanto para acácia (Acacia mangium wild) foram verificados menores valores (K= 0,0013 e T1/2= 533 dias). Dentre os povoamentos florestais, mimosa (Mimosa artemisiana Heringer & Paula) e eucalipto (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla) produziram a serapilheira mais rapidamente decomposta, o que evidencia a melhor eficiência dessas espécies no processo de ciclagem de nutrientes e incorporação de matéria orgânica ao solo

Vias biliares extra-hepáticas e trígono cistohepático

Introdução: O trígono cistepático (triângulo de Calot) é um espaço anatômico delimitado pelo ducto hepáti- co comum, o ducto cístico e a borda inferior do fígado. A importância desse marco anatômico é indiscutível para a realização da colecistectomia. Relato do caso: Foi realizada a dissecação da região abdominal de um cadáver do sexo masculino, seguido pela dissecação do pedículo hepático para individualização das estruturas estudadas. Observou-se que a junção hepatocística se deu a uma distância de 2,6 cm em relação ao hilo hepático, bem como a junção do ducto cístico se fez à direita do ducto hepático. Em relação às estruturas encontradas no trígono cistohepático, observou-se que o trígono era ocupado pela veia porta-hepática posteriormente e pela artéria cística e artéria hepática direita anteriormente. Comentários: Na cirurgia videolapa-roscópica é imprescindível o conhecimento detalhado da anatomia topográfica do abdômen, em específico, das vias biliares extra-hepáticas, bem como suas variações anatômicas para evitar complicações durante o procedimento cirúrgico

Physiological and biochemical evaluation of different types of recovery in national level Paralympic powerlifting

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Suplementação de vitamina D na asma: uma revisão narrativa dos efeitos na gravidade dos sintomas e frequência de exacerbações

Considerando a prevalência global da asma e a necessidade de estratégias de manejo eficazes, este estudo visa investigar os efeitos da suplementação de vitamina D na gravidade dos sintomas e na frequência de exacerbações em pacientes com asma. A justificativa reside na busca por terapias complementares que possam melhorar o controle da doença e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes asmáticos. Os objetivos incluem revisar e sintetizar estudos recentes sobre o tema, avaliar a eficácia da suplementação de vitamina D e identificar lacunas de conhecimento para futuras pesquisas. A metodologia envolverá uma revisão narrativa da literatura, abrangendo ensaios clínicos randomizados, meta-análises e revisões sistemáticas. Os resultados serão analisados em termos de impacto da suplementação de vitamina D nos sintomas e exacerbações da asma. Conclui-se que a suplementação de vitamina D pode desempenhar um papel importante no manejo da asma, oferecendo potenciais benefícios na redução dos sintomas e na prevenção de exacerbações

Brazilian consortium for the study on renal diseases associated with COVID-19 : a multicentric effort to understand SARS-CoV-2-related nephropathy

Kidney involvement appears to be frequent in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite this, information concerning renal involvement in COVID-19 is still scarce. Several mechanisms appear to be involved in the complex relationship between the virus and the kidney. Also, different morphological patterns have been described in the kidneys of patients with COVID-19. For some authors, however, this association may be just a coincidence. To investigate this issue, we propose assessing renal morphology associated with COVID-19 at the renal pathology reference center of federal university hospitals in Brazil. Data will come from a consortium involving 17 federal university hospitals belonging to Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH) network, as well as some state hospitals and an autopsy center. All biopsies will be sent to the referral center for renal pathology of the EBSERH network. The data will include patients who had coronavirus disease, both alive and deceased, with or without pre-existing kidney disease. Kidney biopsies will be analyzed by light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. Furthermore, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for various inflammatory cells (i.e., cells expressing CD3, CD20, CD4, CD8, CD138, CD68, and CD57) as well as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) will be performed on paraffinized tissue sections. In addition to ultrastructural assays, in situ hybridization (ISH), IHC and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) will be used to detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in renal tissue. For the patients diagnosed with Collapsing Glomerulopathy, peripheral blood will be collected for apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1) genotyping. For patients with thrombotic microangiopathy, thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13), antiphospholipid, and complement panel will be performed. The setting of this study is Brazil, which is second behind the United States in highest confirmed cases and deaths. With this complete approach, we hope to help define the spectrum and impact, whether immediate or long-term, of kidney injury caused by SARS-CoV-2

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Updated cardiovascular prevention guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology: 2019

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Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt