Comparing the Educational Preferences and Management Roles of West Virginia\u27s Male and Female Woodland Owners

Non-industrial private forest owners (NIPF) make up the majority of the landscape in the eastern United States. Historically NIPF owners have been treated as a homogenous group. This however does not adequately represent the diversity of this population\u27s ownership objectives, management concerns, and land values that are important in understanding how to tailor educational outreach programs to this group. Butler (2008) called for the need to separate this large population into smaller populations that are more homogenous in order to better reach them with educational programs. To answer this call we divided NIPF owners into two distinct groups, male and female woodland owners. In this research, educational preferences and management roles of woodland owners in West Virginia were investigated for differences among these two groups of owners.;Utilizing a mail-based questionnaire, four counties in West Virginia were surveyed with the objective of gaining a better understanding of the female population of woodland owners and managers. Principal component analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the data collected. Results show that management roles greatly differ between genders, however, educational preferences are not as clearly defined

The Role of Balance and Neck Strength in Youth Concussion

Concussion: A concussion is a trauma-induced alteration in mental status that may or may not involve loss of consciousness; this can include a direct blow to the head or a blow to the body resulting in the head and brain moving quickly back and forth (1). Current Screen: Current concussion screen consists of: symptom checklist, cognitive assessment known as Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT), and Balance Errors Scoring System (BESS) (2). Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine an assessment to screen an individual’s risk of sustaining a sport-related concussion. Hypothesis: We hypothesized the SCAT 4, BESS, Four Square Step Test, and Mirror Star Trace would identify deficits in adolescent athletes who sustained a concussion

Orientation and substrate interaction of adsorbed CO and NO molecules probed by circular dichroism in the angular distribution of photoelectrons

The sensitivity and utility of circular dichroism in the angular distribution of photoelectrons (CDAD) as a probe of molecular orientation is demonstrated for adsorbed CO and NO molecules. A comparison between measured CDAD spectra and calculated values for spatially oriented CO and NiCO clearly confirms the well-known perpendicular adsorption for CO on Ni(100), whereas for CO adsorbed on Fe(100) a tilted adsorption geometry was found. For NO/Ni(100) and for NO on the oxygen-preadsorbed Ni(100) surface, an average tilt angle of α=40±10° was observed. In the case of the oxygen-preadsorbed Ni(100) surface, a higher fraction of NO molecules was found to be in a tilted orientation than on the clean surface

Rock glaciers and mountain hydrology: A review

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.In mountainous regions, climate change threatens cryospheric water resources, and understanding all components of the hydrological cycle is necessary for effective water resource management. Rockglaciers are climatically more resilient than glaciers and contain potentially hydrologically valuable ice volumes, and yet havereceived lessattention, even though rock glacier hydrologicalimportance may increase under future climate warming. In synthesising data from a range of global studies, we provide the first compre-hensive evaluation of the hydrological role played by rock glaciers. Weevaluate hydrological significanceover a range of temporal and spatial scales, alongsidethe complex multiple hydrological processes with which rock glaciers can interact diurnally, seasonally, annually, decadally and both at local and regional extents.We report that although no global-extent, complete inventory for rock glaciers exists currently, recent research efforts have greatly elaborated spatialcoverage.Using these research papers,we synthe-sise information on rock glacier spatial distribution, morphometric characteristics, surface and subsurface features, ice-storage and hydrological flow dynamics, water chemistry, and future resilience, from which we provide the first comprehensive evaluation of their hydrological contribution. We identify and discuss long-, intermediate-and short-term timescales for rock glacier storage, allowing a more balanced assess-ment of the contrasting perspectives regarding the relative significance of rock glacier-derived hydrological contributions compared to other water sources.We show that further empirical observations are required to gain a deeper hydrological understanding of rock glaciers, in terms of(i) their genesis and geomorpho-logical dynamics (ii) total ice/water volume; (iii) water discharge; and (iv) water quality. Lastly, we hypothesisethat at decadal and longer timescales, under future climate warming, degradation of ice within rock glaciers may represent an increasing hydrological contribution to downstream regions, and thus in-creased hydrological significance while rock glacier water stores persist.Royal Geographical SocietyNatural Environment Research Council (NERC

Por la Patria y la Revolución: Sifting through Guatemalan Military Archival Materials

What explains the Guatemalan military\u27s intervention in politics and its eventual take over of the government in 1963? One answer is ideology, and if ideology matters, then it would make sense to look at the education of interventionist officers in Guatemala. To find the link between education and militarism, I spent two months sifting through declassified military documents in Guatemala. This poster presentation describes my biggest challenges and key finds as I dug through military academy documents, piecing together the fragments and shards of relevant information. Focused on the years immediately before and after the 1944 Revolution, the documents revealed a highly centralized institution in which every minute detail of the Guatemalan military academy had to be reported. While the Revolution did little to change that, I was able to piece together evidence of an ideological shift in terms of how officers perceived their institution and their role in Guatemalan national development

Por la Patria y la Revolución: Sifting Guatemala Military Archival Materials

What explains the Guatemalan military’s intervention in politics and its eventual take over of the government in 1963? One answer is ideology, and if ideology matters, than it would make sense to look at the education of interventionist officers in Guatemala. To find the link between education and militarism, we spent two months sifting through recently declassified military documents in the Archivo Central de Centroamérica in Guatemala City. The following is a survey of a sample of the documents along with a look into how they address the ideology held by military officers

Between a rock and a hard place: the chemistry, biology, and lability of glacial meltwaters in the American West

2016 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.Glaciers and rock glaciers supply water and nutrients to headwater mountain lakes and streams across all regions of the American West. The resulting changes in volume, timing, and chemistry of meltwater discharged by these features appears to be having significant effects on the adjacent alpine headwater ecosystems they feed. Whereas both glaciers and rock glaciers are sources of seasonal meltwater, sediment, and solutes to headwater ecosystems, differences in meltwater characteristics between glacial types, and its affect on biological productivity, is poorly documented. Here we present a comparative study of the metal, nutrient, and microbial characteristics of glacial and rock glacial influence on headwater ecosystems in three mountain ranges of the contiguous U.S.: the Cascade Mountains, Rocky Mountains, and Sierra Nevada. Several meltwater characteristics (water temperature, conductivity, pH, heavy metals, nutrients, complexity of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and bacterial richness and diversity) differed significantly between glacier and rock glacier meltwaters, while other characteristics (Ca2+, Fe3+, SiO2 concentrations, reactive nitrogen, and microbial processing of DOM) showed distinct charcteristics between mountain ranges regardless of meltwater source. Some characteristics were affected both by glacier type and mountain range (e.g. temperature, ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations, bacterial diversity). Glaciers and rock glaciers had similar carbon concentrations, but differed in the structural composition of their DOM. Incubations of DOM from glaciers and rock glaciers with a common subalpine bacterial assemblage were conducted to examine how observed differences in meltwater chemistry controlled bacterial productivity and metabolism. DOM pools from glaciers and rock glaciers were similar in size and chemical diversity, but differed in the chemical compounds they contained. Glacier meltwaters had higher proportions of bioavailable compounds compared with rock glaciers. A smaller portion of DOM from rock glaciers was bioavailable, but both glacial types are enriching alpine headwaters with bioavailable DOM that can support heterotrophic production. Due to the high numbers of rock glaciers and the accelerating loss of low latitude glaciers, the results presented here suggest that rock glacier meltwaters may be representative of what future biogeochemical inputs will be in currently ice-glaciated watersheds