Guantánamo o la aceptación del terrorismo de Estado democrático

El sistema internacional globalizado avanza los intereses políticos y económicos del hegemon Estadounidense hacia el resto del mundo, intentando interesadamente que el resto de los pueblos consideren como propias las aspiraciones a lograr regímenes Democráticos y Capitalistas como síntesis histórica del desarrollo político y económico. Como afirma Bertrand Russell, el temor es un elemento siempre útil en la ejecución de toda política y se relaciona actualmente con la necesidad de temerle al Terrorismo internacional, ultimísimo elemento disuasorio de toda reacción contraria a la globalización. Y mas específicamente a la globalización de la seguridad que posee en el hegemon su policía internacional. Mas un siglo y medio después del viaje efectuado por de Tocqueville a EEUU, la sociedad Norteamericana merece volver a ser aprehendida: ¿se trata de reaccionarios cínicos poseedores de un doble estándar de derechos "nuestros" y "ajenos", o sólo intentan defender al mundo por el especial lugar que la historia (entre otras cosas), les ha asignado?. Nuestro análisis será simple. Tomaremos como dados la existencia de la globalización, la inseguridad universal que genera el Terrorismo y el rol de poder de policía mundial asumido por EEUU en su lucha contra el Terror. En este contexto ensayaremos algunas ideas sobre la existencia de una cárcel mundial creada y administrada por EEUU en su base de Guantánamo (Cuba) en la cual la pionera Democracia Estadounidense viola abiertamente derechos humanos básicos cuya existencia y necesidad de respeto supo enseñar al resto del mundo. Nuestro comentario intentará reflexionar sobre la orientación de la democracia norteamericana y su posibilidad real de continuar guiando los procesos de democratización, toda vez que la misma habilita lisa y llanamente el Terrorismo de Estado como política de gobierno posible dentro de un sistema democrático justificándola en la necesidad de seguridad de su población frente a un ataque terrorista. Y en todo caso pensaremos si el modelo democrático que tantos estados ensayan consolidar bajo la guía de EEUU admitirá dentro de su esquema esencial, la violación impune de derechos frente a la mencionada amenaza. ¿Estamos frente a una desviación a corregir o a una tendencia a imitar? Guantánamo existe. Es una de las varias cárceles de esta policía internacional Norteamericana que nos protege (como habitantes del mundo y sin haberlo solicitado) de ese temor que genera la amenaza terrorista. Sin embargo además de su existencia material, es interesante reparar en su justificación formal o jurídica, sobre todo en el marco de un sistema democrático

Exploring Food Detection using CNNs

One of the most common critical factors directly related to the cause of a chronic disease is unhealthy diet consumption. In this sense, building an automatic system for food analysis could allow a better understanding of the nutritional information with respect to the food eaten and thus it could help in taking corrective actions in order to consume a better diet. The Computer Vision community has focused its efforts on several areas involved in the visual food analysis such as: food detection, food recognition, food localization, portion estimation, among others. For food detection, the best results evidenced in the state of the art were obtained using Convolutional Neural Network. However, the results of all these different approaches were gotten on different datasets and therefore are not directly comparable. This article proposes an overview of the last advances on food detection and an optimal model based on GoogLeNet Convolutional Neural Network method, principal component analysis, and a support vector machine that outperforms the state of the art on two public food/non-food datasets

A comparison between families obtained from different proper elements

Using the hierarchical method of family identification developed by Zappala et al., the results coming from the data set of proper elements computed by Williams (about 2100 numbered + about 1200 PLS 2 asteroids) and by Milani and Knezevic (5.7 version, about 4200 asteroids) are compared. Apart from some expected discrepancies due to the different data sets and/or low accuracy of proper elements computed in peculiar dynamical zones, a good agreement was found in several cases. It follows that these high reliability families represent a sample which can be considered independent on the methods used for their proper elements computation. Therefore, they should be considered as the best candidates for detailed physical studies

From asteroid clusters to families: A proposal for a new nomenclature

Some confusion on the number, reliability, and characteristics of asteroid families is the result of using the single word 'family' for naming asteroid groupings identified in very different ways. Here we propose a new terminology which in our opinion would alleviate this problem

Binary Asteroid Encounters with Terrestrial Planets: Timescales and Effects

Many asteroids that make close encounters with terrestrial planets are in a binary configuration. Here we calculate the relevant encounter timescales and investigate the effects of encounters on a binary's mutual orbit. We use a combination of analytical and numerical approaches with a wide range of initial conditions. Our test cases include generic binaries with close, moderate, and wide separations, as well as seven well-characterized near-Earth binaries. We find that close approaches (<10 Earth radii) occur for almost all binaries on 1-10 million year timescales. At such distances, our results suggest substantial modifications to a binary's semi-major axis, eccentricity, and inclination, which we quantify. Encounters within 30 Earth radii typically occur on sub-million year timescales and significantly affect the wider binaries. Important processes in the lives of near-Earth binaries, such as tidal and radiative evolution, can be altered or stopped by planetary encounters.Comment: 8 pages, accepted to A

La riproduzione di uno spazio subalterno. Abitazione, classi marginali e resistenza in una città del Sud

Il presente studio esplora gli sviluppi storici della stratificazione urbana in una città del Meridione d'Italia. Attraverso 85 interviste in profondità e l'analisi delle più importanti fasi della ricostruzione che hanno seguito un disastroso terremoto nel 1908, gli autori indagano le forze che, nel corso di un secolo, hanno spinto migliaia di individui in baracche e case popolari fatiscenti erette in città. Gli autori sostengono che l'"economia del disastro" e la "shock economy" non costituiscono un tratto saliente della nostra epoca. Al contrario, gli elementi che caratterizano i contemporanei processi speculativi da disastro erano largamente attivi già all'inizio del XX secolo. Questo articolo, pertanto, mostra le conseguenze di lunga durata degli approcci speculativi alla gestione dei disastri e riflette intorno alle forme di resistenza delle popolazioni subalterne nei confronti di un'organizzazione di vita che è iniziata all'indomani di un remoto terremoto e che condiziona ancora le condizioni di vita e i modi di riproduzione.This study explores the historical development of urban stratification in an Italian Southern city, Messina. By means of 85 in-depth interviews and the analysis of the most important phases of the reconstruction following a disastrous earthquake taking place in 1908, the authors investigate the coercive forces that, over the course of a century, have pushed thousands of individuals to occupy shanties and deprived project areas within the city. The authors claim that the "economy of disaster" and the "shock economy", are not a specific feature of current epoch. On the contrary, the elements characterizing the contemporary disaster-related speculative processes were largely active at the beginning of the XX century. This article, then, shows the long-lasting social consequences of speculative approaches to the management of disasters, and reflects on the forms of resistance of subaltern populations to an organization of life that started in the aftermath of a remote earthquake, and still affects their life condition and methods of reproduction

Eclipsing binary statistics - theory and observation

The expected distributions of eclipse-depth versus period for eclipsing binaries of different luminosities are derived from large-scale population synthesis experiments. Using the rapid Hurley et al. BSE binary evolution code, we have evolved several hundred million binaries, starting from various simple input distributions of masses and orbit-sizes. Eclipse probabilities and predicted distributions over period and eclipse-depth (P/dm) are given in a number of main-sequence intervals, from O-stars to brown dwarfs. The comparison between theory and Hipparcos observations shows that a standard (Duquennoy & Mayor) input distribution of orbit-sizes (a) gives reasonable numbers and P/dm-distributions, as long as the mass-ratio distribution is also close to the observed flat ones. A random pairing model, where the primary and secondary are drawn independently from the same IMF, gives more than an order of magnitude too few eclipsing binaries on the upper main sequence. For a set of eclipsing OB-systems in the LMC, the observed period-distribution is different from the theoretical one, and the input orbit distributions and/or the evolutionary environment in LMC has to be different compared with the Galaxy. A natural application of these methods are estimates of the numbers and properties of eclipsing binaries observed by large-scale surveys like Gaia.Comment: 11 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in A&