Fox : a un año de la alternancia

Reflexiones críticas desde diversas disciplinas de las ciencias sociales acerca del primer año de gobierno de Vicente Fox Quesada. Entre los rubros que se analizan están: la política cultural, el sector rural, los jóvenes, los derechos humanos, la cultura indígena y la seguridad pública.ITESO, A.C

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

First insight into the heritable variation and potential response to selection of phototaxis and locomotion behavior associated to the light/dark stimuli in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Abalones are especially susceptible to environmental lighting conditions. This factor greatly affects crucial biological process such as feeding rates, energy balance, physiological stress status, and consequently, growth and survival of farmed abalone. Most of these effects have been studied in the economically valuable abalone Haliotis discus hannai. The use of specific photoperiods, and/or light qualities and intensities, have been proposed as managing strategies to increase its production; however, for extensive off-shore or in intensive land-based farming systems, lighting conditions are not likely to be easily managed. Despite the great importance of the biological responses to the light/dark stimuli for abalone farming production, to the best of our knowledge the genetic control upon the variation associated behavioral traits have not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the heritable variation and potential responses to selection

Phenotypic means and genetic estimates for HSP70 induced levels, measured in the haemocyte (intracellular) and serum (extracellular) fractions of the haemolymph of challenged <i>Haliotis rufescens</i> at two development stages, young adults and near harvest adults.

<p>Genetic estimates of the additive genetic variance (<i>V</i>_A); residual variance (<i>V</i>_R); phenotypic variance (<i>V</i>_P); heritability (<i>h</i>^<i>2</i>); and coefficients of additive genetic variance (<i>CV</i>_A) and residual variance (<i>CV</i>_R).</p><p>Immune response through HSP70 expression was assessed in abalone belonging to 60 full-sib families (n = 492 and 357 for young and near harvest adults, respectively). Genetic parameters were estimated using two models ^a(S-m, simple model that only included the additive genetic effect as a random effect for young adults; and ^bSO-m, model that also included the order of sampling as a fixed effect for near harvest adults). Models changed depending on the factors that were significant at a specific age. Phenotypic means were compared by two-way ANOVA (different letters denote significant differences at <i>P</i> < 0.01)</p><p>Phenotypic means and genetic estimates for HSP70 induced levels, measured in the haemocyte (intracellular) and serum (extracellular) fractions of the haemolymph of challenged <i>Haliotis rufescens</i> at two development stages, young adults and near harvest adults.</p

Potential Response to Selection of HSP70 as a Component of Innate Immunity in the Abalone <i>Haliotis rufescens</i>

<div><p>Assessing components of the immune system may reflect disease resistance. In some invertebrates, heat shock proteins (HSPs) are immune effectors and have been described as potent activators of the innate immune response. Several diseases have become a threat to abalone farming worldwide; therefore, increasing disease resistance is considered to be a long-term goal for breeding programs. A trait will respond to selection only if it is determined partially by additive genetic variation. The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability (<i>h</i>²) and the additive genetic coefficient of variation (<i>CV</i>_A) of HSP70 as a component of innate immunity of the abalone <i>Haliotis rufescens</i>, in order to assess its potential response to selection. These genetic components were estimated for the variations in the intracellular (in haemocytes) and extracellular (serum) protein levels of HSP70 in response to an immunostimulant agent in 60 full-sib families of <i>H</i>. <i>rufescens</i>. Levels of HSP70 were measured twice in the same individuals, first when they were young and again when they were pre-harvest adults, to estimate the repeatability (<i>R</i>), the <i>h</i>² and the potential response to selection of these traits at these life stages. High HSP70 levels were observed in abalones subjected to immunostimulation in both the intracellular and extracellular haemolymph fractions. This is the first time that changes in serum levels of HSP70 have been reported in response to an immune challenge in molluscs. HSP70 levels in both fractions and at both ages showed low <i>h</i>² and <i>R</i>, with values that were not significantly different from zero. However, HSP70 induced levels had a <i>CV</i>_A of 13.3–16.2% in young adults and of 2.7–8.1% in pre-harvest adults. Thus, despite its low <i>h</i>², HSP70 synthesis in response to an immune challenge in red abalone has the potential to evolve through selection because of its large phenotypic variation and the presence of additive genetic variance, especially in young animals.</p></div

Induced levels of HSP70 in haemocytes and serum of challenged red abalone <i>Haliotis rufescens</i>.

<p>HSP70 levels were measured in the intracellular (haemocytes) and extracellular (serum) fractions of <i>H</i>. <i>rufescens</i>, in individual not injected (i.e., injection control), injected with sterilized sea water (SSW) (i.e., challenge control) and injected with the β-glucan, zymosan (24-h post-injection). The data are shown as X ± S.E., n = 6–10 per condition. (*) indicates significance (<i>P</i> < 0.01) between treatment and controls at the indicated haemolymph fraction.</p

Fox : a un año de la alternancia

Reflexiones críticas desde diversas disciplinas de las ciencias sociales acerca del primer año de gobierno de Vicente Fox Quesada. Entre los rubros que se analizan están: la política cultural, el sector rural, los jóvenes, los derechos humanos, la cultura indígena y la seguridad pública

Immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: Secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE database

Background: The aim of this study was to describe data on epidemiology, ventilatory management, and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in immunocompromised patients. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis on the cohort of immunocompromised patients enrolled in the Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE) study. The LUNG SAFE study was an international, prospective study including hypoxemic patients in 459 ICUs from 50 countries across 5 continents. Results: Of 2813 patients with ARDS, 584 (20.8%) were immunocompromised, 38.9% of whom had an unspecified cause. Pneumonia, nonpulmonary sepsis, and noncardiogenic shock were their most common risk factors for ARDS. Hospital mortality was higher in immunocompromised than in immunocompetent patients (52.4% vs 36.2%; p &lt; 0.0001), despite similar severity of ARDS. Decisions regarding limiting life-sustaining measures were significantly more frequent in immunocompromised patients (27.1% vs 18.6%; p &lt; 0.0001). Use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as first-line treatment was higher in immunocompromised patients (20.9% vs 15.9%; p = 0.0048), and immunodeficiency remained independently associated with the use of NIV after adjustment for confounders. Forty-eight percent of the patients treated with NIV were intubated, and their mortality was not different from that of the patients invasively ventilated ab initio. Conclusions: Immunosuppression is frequent in patients with ARDS, and infections are the main risk factors for ARDS in these immunocompromised patients. Their management differs from that of immunocompetent patients, particularly the greater use of NIV as first-line ventilation strategy. Compared with immunocompetent subjects, they have higher mortality regardless of ARDS severity as well as a higher frequency of limitation of life-sustaining measures. Nonetheless, nearly half of these patients survive to hospital discharge. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073. Registered on 12 December 2013