Factores limitantes en el sistema de producción de caprinos en Zacatecas

The systems approach methodology was used to ldentify, describe and analyze the main fazctors limiting goat production systems In the State of Zacatecas, Mexico. After a survey and analysis of secondary lnformation, four distrlcts were selected, representlng 5O% or the State's goat population; the four dls­trlcts were regrouped into three different agrocllmatlc areas: one (Concepcion del Oro) was the mostarid and was oriented toward the productlon of baby kids (milk-fed), while the other two (Ojocaliente and Zacatecas) enjoyed more ralnfall and availabil­lty or feed; thelr system consisted of the production of does, marketed for thelr meat and consumed as "birria" (a sort of stew). Based on a static diagnosis or 151 farms (representing no less than 10% or the total number or farms), it was posslble to reconfirm the exlstence or the above-mentloned produdlon sys­tems. Both systems co-exlst wlth rain-fed crops (corn and beans), although these were high-rlsk In Concepclon del Oro. Ali farmlng activities depended on family labor (less than 18% offarmers hired outside laborers).Se aplicó la metodología del enfoque de sistemas para Identi­ficar, describir y analizar los principales factores limitantes de los sistemas de producción caprina en el estado de Zacatecas (México). Después de un sondeo y análisis de la Información secundarla, se seleccionaron cuatro distritos que representaban el 5O% de la población caprina estatal; los que se redistribuye­ron en tres áreas de características agroclimátias distintas: Concepción del Oro, la más árida y coincidente con un sistema de producción de cabritos de leche; Ojocaliente y Zacatecas, de mayor precipitación y disponibilidad de recursos alimentarios y orientadas a la producción de animales adultos para el consumo en forma de "birria" -cocido de carne de cabra adulta. Con base, en una encuesta estática de 151 prosadores - no menos del 10% del universo comprendido en los cuatro distritos - se corroboró la existencia de los dos sistemas indicados anteriormente. Ambos sistemas conviven con agricultura de temporal -maíz y frijol­ aunque con más riesgo en Concepción del Oro. Todas las ac­tividades dependen de la mano de obra familiar - menos del 18% de los productores contrata mano de obra

Conclusiones finales del 1er Congreso Internacional sobre Desarrollo Personal en la Formación Inicial del Docente

El estudio que presentamos forma parte del proyecto de investigación “La formación ética docente de los futuros profesionales de los grados de Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria como elemento de selección: diagnóstico y análisis, (PID2021-129018NB-I00)”, financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa. El estudio también forma parte del proyecto titulado “El desarrollo personal en la formación inicial del docente: la empatía del estudiantado y del profesorado”, que ha sido financiado con cargo a la ayuda P20-00698 concedida por la Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación de la Junta de Andalucía y por FEDER, Una manera de Hacer Europa.Ser docente en el siglo XXI requiere desempeñar funciones, algunas similares y otras diferentes, a las de los siglos que nos han precedido, para las que hemos de formarnos y formar. El papel del nuevo docente ya no es únicamente ser “transmisor de conocimientos”, sino que le toca ser “una persona comprometida y transformadora”, capaz de enseñar de forma crítica, así como conseguir que su alumnado aprenda a convivir y a ser un ciudadano responsable en la sociedad. Este documento recoge las conclusiones finales en torno a cuatro interrogantes: ¿Qué perfil docente exige la sociedad del siglo XXI?; ¿Son las habilidades blandas una necesidad formativa global?; ¿Deberíamos poner el foco en la entrada o en la salida de la formación inicial?; ¿Con el diseño de los planes de estudios de los grados actuales, podemos afrontar los retos que exige la Agenda 2030?P20_00698PID2021-129018NB-100 financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDE

Database of spatial distribution of non indigenous species in Spanish marine waters

Research in marine Spanish waters are focused on several actions to achieve an effectively management on protected areas, with the active participation of the stakeholders and research as basic tools for decision-making. Among these actions, there is one about the knowledge and control on NIS. One of its objectives is the creation of NIS factsheets, which are going to be added to the National Marine Biodiversity Geographical System (GIS) providing complementary information about taxonomic classification, common names, taxonomic synonyms, species illustrations, identification morphological characters, habitat in the native and introduced regions, biological and ecological traits, GenBank DNA sequences, world distribution, first record and evolution in the introduced areas, likely pathways of introduction, effects in the habitats and interaction with native species, and potential management measures to apply. The database will also provide data for (1) the European online platforms, (2) the environmental assessment for the Descriptor 2 (D2-NIS) of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), as well as (3) supporting decisions made by stakeholders. It is the result of extensive collaboration among scientist, manager’s and citizen science in the Spanish North-Atlantic, South-Atlantic, Gibraltar Strait-Alboran, Levantine-Balearic and Canary Islands marine divisions, providing an updated overview of the spatial distribution of relevant extended and invasive NIS of recent and established NIS introduced by maritime transport and aquaculture pathways, as well as on cryptogenic or native species in expansion due to the climatic water warming trend

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE : survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

Funding for the WEAVE facility has been provided by UKRI STFC, the University of Oxford, NOVA, NWO, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), the Isaac Newton Group partners (STFC, NWO, and Spain, led by the IAC), INAF, CNRS-INSU, the Observatoire de Paris, Région Île-de-France, CONCYT through INAOE, Konkoly Observatory (CSFK), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Lund University, the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), the Swedish Research Council, the European Commission, and the University of Pennsylvania.WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366-959 nm at R ∼ 5000, or two shorter ranges at R ∼ 20,000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼ 3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼ 1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼ 0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey  ∼ 400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z 1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z > 2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.PostprintPeer reviewe

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366$-$959\,nm at $R\sim5000$, or two shorter ranges at $R\sim20\,000$. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for $\sim$3 million stars and detailed abundances for $\sim1.5$ million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey $\sim0.4$ million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey $\sim400$ neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in $z<0.5$ cluster galaxies; (vi) survey stellar populations and kinematics in $\sim25\,000$ field galaxies at $0.3\lesssim z \lesssim 0.7$; (vii) study the cosmic evolution of accretion and star formation using $>1$ million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at $z>2$. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator.Comment: 41 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication by MNRA

Time to Switch to Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand.

Background: Data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand. Methods: Children aged <18 years initiating combination ART (≥2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs] plus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI] or boosted protease inhibitor [PI]) were included. Switch to second-line was defined as (i) change across drug class (PI to NNRTI or vice versa) or within PI class plus change of ≥1 NRTI; (ii) change from single to dual PI; or (iii) addition of a new drug class. Cumulative incidence of switch was calculated with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. Results: Of 3668 children included, median age at ART initiation was 6.1 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.7-10.5) years. Initial regimens were 32% PI based, 34% nevirapine (NVP) based, and 33% efavirenz based. Median duration of follow-up was 5.4 (IQR, 2.9-8.3) years. Cumulative incidence of switch at 5 years was 21% (95% confidence interval, 20%-23%), with significant regional variations. Median time to switch was 30 (IQR, 16-58) months; two-thirds of switches were related to treatment failure. In multivariable analysis, older age, severe immunosuppression and higher viral load (VL) at ART start, and NVP-based initial regimens were associated with increased risk of switch. Conclusions: One in 5 children switched to a second-line regimen by 5 years of ART, with two-thirds failure related. Advanced HIV, older age, and NVP-based regimens were associated with increased risk of switch

The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation

WEAVE, the new wide-field, massively multiplexed spectroscopic survey facility for the William Herschel Telescope, will see first light in late 2022. WEAVE comprises a new 2-degree field-of-view prime-focus corrector system, a nearly 1000-multiplex fibre positioner, 20 individually deployable 'mini' integral field units (IFUs), and a single large IFU. These fibre systems feed a dual-beam spectrograph covering the wavelength range 366−959\,nm at R∼5000, or two shorter ranges at R∼20000. After summarising the design and implementation of WEAVE and its data systems, we present the organisation, science drivers and design of a five- to seven-year programme of eight individual surveys to: (i) study our Galaxy's origins by completing Gaia's phase-space information, providing metallicities to its limiting magnitude for ∼3 million stars and detailed abundances for ∼1.5 million brighter field and open-cluster stars; (ii) survey ∼0.4 million Galactic-plane OBA stars, young stellar objects and nearby gas to understand the evolution of young stars and their environments; (iii) perform an extensive spectral survey of white dwarfs; (iv) survey ∼400 neutral-hydrogen-selected galaxies with the IFUs; (v) study properties and kinematics of stellar populations and ionised gas in z1 million spectra of LOFAR-selected radio sources; (viii) trace structures using intergalactic/circumgalactic gas at z>2. Finally, we describe the WEAVE Operational Rehearsals using the WEAVE Simulator

Acción de los estrogenos sobre el crecimiento de ovinos hembras, del destete a la pubertad.

Con el propósito de conocer la acción de los estrógenos sobre el crecimiento de ovinos hembras, del destete a la pubertad, 5 corderas recibie­ron, semanalmente, una aplicación intramuscular de 5 mg de estradiol (1, 2,5(10) estratien, 3, 17, beta-diol 1), disueltos en 2 ml de aceite­ de ricino. A otro grupo de hembras, testigo, se les aplicó una inyección intramuscular, semanalmente, de 2 ml de aceite de ricino. Las hembras al inicio del experimento tenían 4 meses de edad, una semana después del destete. Las corderas durante el tiempo que duró el trabajo (3 se:nanas) se mantu­vieron en confinamiento. Cada hembra se alimentó, diariamente, con 1.200 kg de heno de alfalfa y 0.200 kg de concentrado comercial con 13% de proteína. El agua de bebida la tuvieron a libre acceso. La pubertad se determinó con la ayuda de un macho entero, provisto con peto y chaleco marcador. Los animales se pesaron cada 8 días. Las medias fueron comparadas por medio de análisis de varianza y los porcentajes por ji cuadrada

Las TIC y los retos de las Instituciones de Educación Superior

Se expone una serie de retos que enfrentan las Instituciones de Educación Superior con respecto a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) para dar respuesta a las necesidades actuales de la sociedad; retos como la brecha digital, el ofertar educación a distancia, el currículo flexible y la formación del profesorado en TIC en busca de la calidad educativa. Estos retos son desafíos que si no se atienden se pueden convertir en amenaza

Los sistemas de producción caprina en Zacatecas. La comercialización de caprinos en tres regiones del estado

En el estado de Zacatecas se definen tres regiones como los de mayor cantidad de animales caprinos, al mismo tiempo estas tres regiones están diferenciadas por su entorno ecológico y son, Concepción del Oro, Zacatecas y Ojocaliente, áreas donde la caprinocultura ocupa un lugar de primer orden por la subsistencia de la familia del caprinocultor, actualmente el estado de Zacatecas cuenta con más de 500 mil cabezas de caprinos y está colocando entre los estados de mayor cantidad en el país. La agricultura es la actividad más importante en el medio rural, pero como ésta se realiza solo durante determinado tiempo del año, encuentra una complementación con la producción caprina