Age at first birth in women is genetically associated with increased risk of schizophrenia

Prof. Paunio on PGC:n jäsenPrevious studies have shown an increased risk for mental health problems in children born to both younger and older parents compared to children of average-aged parents. We previously used a novel design to reveal a latent mechanism of genetic association between schizophrenia and age at first birth in women (AFB). Here, we use independent data from the UK Biobank (N = 38,892) to replicate the finding of an association between predicted genetic risk of schizophrenia and AFB in women, and to estimate the genetic correlation between schizophrenia and AFB in women stratified into younger and older groups. We find evidence for an association between predicted genetic risk of schizophrenia and AFB in women (P-value = 1.12E-05), and we show genetic heterogeneity between younger and older AFB groups (P-value = 3.45E-03). The genetic correlation between schizophrenia and AFB in the younger AFB group is -0.16 (SE = 0.04) while that between schizophrenia and AFB in the older AFB group is 0.14 (SE = 0.08). Our results suggest that early, and perhaps also late, age at first birth in women is associated with increased genetic risk for schizophrenia in the UK Biobank sample. These findings contribute new insights into factors contributing to the complex bio-social risk architecture underpinning the association between parental age and offspring mental health.Peer reviewe

‘Men zou Virgilius zien opgaen in zijn’ tolck’. De functie van Vergilius in het artistiek ondernemerschap van Joost van den Vondel

This article analyzes Joost van den Vondel's career strategies and shows that the ambition for obtaining patronage as a poet played a crucial role in the dedications of his consecutive Vergil translations. In the period 1646-1660 Vondel published three Dutch translations of Vergil, one in prose, one 'preview' of the poetry translation, and a final translation of the complete works rendered in verse. For each of the individual dedicatees, the Prince of Orange, the son of the Amsterdam burgomaster Cornelis de Graeff, and the mighty burgomaster himself, the publications' paratexts work to achieve a single goal by means of this work of art: obtaining structural patronage for composing an epic

Lope de Vega y la conquista del teatro español en los Países Bajos

This contribution focuses on Lope's conquest of Amsterdam's grand theater in the 40s and 50s of the seventeenth century. Focusing on creative industries, we analyze the producer's side for Lope's "invasion" in the Netherlands, and the channels that were developed in order to faciltate the new Spanish productions for the Amsterdam theater. Focusing on the consumer's side, we measure, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the successes (and some failures) of Lope's plays. In our new data base ONSTAGE, that gathers information about plays, performances and companies' revenues, we show convincing evidence that Lope was the most popular playwright in those years in Amsterdam, even more popular than our local playwrights. The article is completed with an inventory of all of Lope's plays adapted for the Amsterdam stage. We hope these new findings may contribute to a more complete picture of Lope's European career.Esta contribución se centra en la conquista del gran teatro de Ámsterdam en los años 40 y 50 del siglo XVII por parte de Lope. En una aproximación a las industrias creativas, se analiza el lado del productor para entender la invasión de Lope en los Países Bajos, y los caminos de transferencia que se desarrollaron con el fin de facilitar las nuevas producciones españolas para el teatro de Ámsterdam. Por el lado del consumidor, medimos, de forma tanto cualitativa como cuantitativa, los éxitos (y algunos fracasos) de las obras de Lope. En nuestro nuevo sistema de datos ONSTAGE, sobre obras de teatro, puestas en escena e ingresos, evidenciamos que Lope fue el dramaturgo más popular en esos años en Ámsterdam, aún más popular que nuestros propios dramaturgos. Al final, el artículo tiene un inventario de todas las obras de teatro de Lope redefinidas para la etapa de Ámsterdam. Esperamos que estos nuevos hallazgos puedan contribuir a una imagen más completa de la carrera global de Lope

Responses of complex cells in cat area 17 to apparent motion of random pixel arrays

The characteristics of directionally selective cells in area 17 of the cat are studied using moving random pixel arrays (RPAs) with 50% white and 50% black pixels. The apparent motion stimulus is similar to that used in human psychophysics. We compare motion sensitivity measured with single-step pixel lifetimes and unlimited pixel lifetimes. A motion stimulus with a single-step pixel lifetime contains directional motion energy primarily at one combination of spatial displacement and temporal delay. We recorded the responses of complex cells to different combinations of displacement and delay to describe their spatio-temporal correlation characteristics. The response to motion of RPAs with unlimited lifetime is strongest along the preferred speed line in a delay vs displacement size diagram. When using an RPA with a single-step pixel lifetime, the cells are responsive to a much smaller range of spatial displacements and temporal delays of the stimulus. The maximum displacement that still gives a directionally selective response is larger when the preferred speed of the cell is higher. It is on average about three times smaller than the receptive field size.</p

Tolerância de três cultivares de cebola ao Ioxynil e Oxyfluorfen em semeadura direta Tolerance of three direct drilled onion cultivars to Ioxynil and Oxyfluorfen

Estimou-se, em um experimento instalado em Viçosa (MG), a tolerância de três cultivares de cebola. Allium cepa L., Baia Periforme Super Precoce, Granex Ouro e Texas Grano 502 PRR. cultivados por semeadura direta, ao Ioxynil e Oxyfluorfen, e a eficiência dos tratamentos com relação ao controle de plantas daninhas. Avaliaram-se três doses de cada herbicida (0,125, 0,250 e 0,375 kg/ha, e 0,096, 0,192, 0,288 kg/ha respectivamente) aplicadas 27 dias após a semeadura, distribuídas em um modelo hierárquico com quatro repetições no delineamento em blocos casualizados. O Ioxynil foi mais seletivo para a cebola do que o Oxyfluorfen, principalmente nas doses mais altas; a mais baixa de Ioxynil mostrou-se inadequada para um controle eficaz da maior parte das plantas daninhas presentes. A tolerância das plantas de cebola foi maior para o cultivar Baia Periforme Super Precoce em relação ao Texas Grano 502 PRR. A suscetibilidade do 'Texas Grano 502 PRR' ao Oxyfluorfen expressou-se por meio de reduções significativas na população final de plantas e na produção de bulbos.<br>To estimate the tolerance of three onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars (Baia Periforme Super Precoce, Granex Ouro and Texas Grano 502 PRR), cultivated under direct drilled system, to Ioxynil and Oxyfluorfen, and the efficiency of these herbicides in weed control a trial was installed in Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Three rates of each herbicide (0.125, 0.250, 0.372 kg/ha and 0.096, 0.192, 0.288 kg/ha) were applied 27 days after drilling, in a nested factorial design with four replications. Ioxynil was more selective than Oxyfluorfen, specially at higher rates. The lowest rate of Ioxynil did not provide effective control of most weeds present. Baia Periforme Super Precoce cultivar was more tolerant in relation to Texas Grano 502 PRR. The susceptibility of Texas Grano 502 PRR to Oxyfluorfen was expressed by significant decreases in final onion plant population and bulb yield