Cirugía percutánea de la litiasis renal en la era de la litotripsia extracorpórea: Experiencia en 301 pacientes

Indexación: ScieloIntroduction: Percutaneous renal surgery was introduced more than 20 years ago in urological practice. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) enter the urological scene shortly after. Our objective is to show our experience in percutaneous renal surgery after the introduction of the ESWL in our institution. Material and Methods: Surgical outcomes of 301 patients who underwent percutaneous renal surgery as treatment of renal stones were analyzed. This series begins just before the introduction of ESWL in our unit. Results: Renal pelvis was the most frequent localization with 142 cases (47.2%). There were 51 patients with straghorn calculi. 255 (84.7%) were stone free after one single procedure. Residual fragments were managed with many methods, until only 16 patients (5.4%) had residual fragments. Complications occurred in 26 patients (8.9%). There was no mortality. Conclusions: Percutaneous surgery is an important tool in the management of renal stones. In general, renal stones managed with this procedure, are more complex, however the achievement of good results is possible.La cirugía percutánea (CP) de la litiasis renal fue introducida en la urología hace más de 20 años. Poco después lo hizo la litotripsia extracorpórea (LEC). Nuestro objetivo es mostrar la experiencia en CP luego de la introducción de la LEC en nuestro servicio. Material y Métodos: Se analizan en forma retrospectiva los resultados de 301 pacientes operados por CP por litiasis renal. La serie comienza con la adquisición de un litotriptor extracorpóreo en nuestro servicio. Resultados: La localización más frecuente fue la pelvis renal con 142 casos (47,2%). Se observó litiasis coraliforme en 51 pacientes. Doscientos cincuenta y cinco (84,7%), quedaron libres de litiasis con un procedimiento. La litiasis residual fue tratada con diversos métodos, para un total final de 16 pacientes con fragmentos residuales (5,4%). Ocurrieron complicaciones en 26 pacientes (8,9%). No hubo mortalidad. Conclusiones: La cirugía percutánea de la litiasis renal es un procedimiento que debe formar parte importante en la resolución de la litiasis renal. En general las litiasis tratadas son más complejas, sin embargo, los resultados son excelentes.http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-40262010000500013&nrm=is

Nefrectomía simple laparoscópica NOTES y LESS con el uso de instrumentos laparoscópicos estándar: Experiencia inicial en 3 casos

Indexación: ScieloIntroduction: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and Laparoendoscopic Single Site Surgery (LESS) are emerging technologies, which allows to performed surgical procedures avoiding any surgical scars. However there are some problems due to the lack of equipment available for these procedures. The aim of these study is to present our initial experience with the transvaginal nephrectomy NOTES and LESS using standard laparoscopic instruments. Material and Methods: Two female patients (23 and 26 years old) with diagnosis of recurrent urinary tract infection and renal atrophy. A laparoscopic simple nephrectomy with transvaginal NOTES assistance was performed, using one access port for the camera and two abdominal work ports of 10 and 3mm. In a third patient (15 years old) a transumbilical LESS nephrectomy was preformed with the use of standard laparoscopic instruments. Results: Average operative time was 110 min (40-200), with an estimated blood loss of 200 cc. There were no perioperative complications and all patients were discharged 36 hours after surgery. Conclusion: Laparoscopic simple nephrectomy with transvaginal NOTES assistance and LESS are technically feasible with the use of standard laparoscopic instruments. Special access trocars and instruments development for this procedure will allow to performed a pure technique without the use of abdominal incisions.http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-40262010000300016&nrm=is

Impact of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder on Quality of Life from the Patients' Perspective : An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Altres ajuts: Medical Department of Roche Farma, Spain (ML41397).Introduction: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is associated with a reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of NMOSD on HRQoL from the patients' perspective and its relationship with other disease factors. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at 13 neuroimmunology clinics in Spain. Patients with NMOSD diagnosis (2015 Wingerchuk criteria) were included. The 29-item Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) was used to assess the HRQoL. Different questionnaires were used to measure symptom severity, stigma, mood disorders, pain, fatigue, and difficulties in the workplace. Factors that impact HRQoL were identified by Spearman's correlation and multivariate linear regression analysis. Results: Seventy-one patients were included (mean age 47.4 ± 14.9 years, 80.3% female, mean time since disease onset 9.9 ± 8.1 years). The median Expanded Disability Status Scale score was 3.0 (1.5-4.5). The mean (± SD) physical and psychological MSIS-29 sub-scores were 41.9 ± 16.8 and 20.9 ± 8.3, respectively. Fatigue and body pain were the most prevalent symptoms. Depressive symptoms were found in 44.3% (n = 31) of patients. The physical MSIS-29 dimension showed the highest correlation with symptom severity (ρ = 0.85584, p < 0.0001), whereas the highest correlations for psychological MSIS-29 dimension were pain, MSIS-29 physical dimension, and depression (ρ = 0.76487, 0.72779, 0.71380; p < 0.0001, respectively). Pain was a predictor of both dimensions of MSIS-29. Conclusion: Fatigue, pain, and depressive symptoms are frequent problems among patients with NMOSD, impacting on their quality of life. Assessment of patient-oriented outcomes may be useful to achieve a holistic approach, allowing early specific interventions

Gating of a pH-Sensitive K2P Potassium Channel by an Electrostatic Effect of Basic Sensor Residues on the Selectivity Filter

K+ channels share common selectivity characteristics but exhibit a wide diversity in how they are gated open. Leak K2P K+ channels TASK-2, TALK-1 and TALK-2 are gated open by extracellular alkalinization. The mechanism for this alkalinization-dependent gating has been proposed to be the neutralization of the side chain of a single arginine (lysine in TALK-2) residue near the pore of TASK-2, which occurs with the unusual pKa of 8.0. We now corroborate this hypothesis by transplanting the TASK-2 extracellular pH (pHo) sensor in the background of a pHo-insensitive TASK-3 channel, which leads to the restitution of pHo-gating. Using a concatenated channel approach, we also demonstrate that for TASK-2 to open, pHo sensors must be neutralized in each of the two subunits forming these dimeric channels with no apparent cross-talk between the sensors. These results are consistent with adaptive biasing force analysis of K+ permeation using a model selectivity filter in wild-type and mutated channels. The underlying free-energy profiles confirm that either a doubly or a singly charged pHo sensor is sufficient to abolish ion flow. Atomic detail of the associated mechanism reveals that, rather than a collapse of the pore, as proposed for other K2P channels gated at the selectivity filter, an increased height of the energetic barriers for ion translocation accounts for channel blockade at acid pHo. Our data, therefore, strongly suggest that a cycle of protonation/deprotonation of pHo-sensing arginine 224 side chain gates the TASK-2 channel by electrostatically tuning the conformational stability of its selectivity filter

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown in Eating Disorders: A Multicentre Collaborative International Study

Background. The COVID-19 lockdown has had a significant impact on mental health. Patients with eating disorders (ED) have been particularly vulnerable. Aims. (1) To explore changes in eating-related symptoms and general psychopathology during lockdown in patients with an ED from various European and Asian countries; and (2) to assess differences related to diagnostic ED subtypes, age, and geography. Methods. The sample comprised 829 participants, diagnosed with an ED according to DSM-5 criteria from specialized ED units in Europe and Asia. Participants were assessed using the COVID-19 Isolation Scale (CIES). Results. Patients with binge eating disorder (BED) experienced the highest impact on weight and ED symptoms in comparison with other ED subtypes during lockdown, whereas individuals with other specified feeding and eating disorders (OFSED) had greater deterioration in general psychological functioning than subjects with other ED subtypes. Finally, Asian and younger individuals appeared to be more resilient. Conclusions. The psychopathological changes in ED patients during the COVID-19 lockdown varied by cultural context and individual variation in age and ED diagnosis. Clinical services may need to target preventive measures and adapt therapeutic approaches for the most vulnerable patients

Miradas desde la historia social y la historia intelectual: América Latina en sus culturas: de los procesos independistas a la globalización

Fil: Benito Moya, Silvano G. A. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades; Argentina.Fil: Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades; Argentina

The Helicobacter pylori Genome Project : insights into H. pylori population structure from analysis of a worldwide collection of complete genomes

Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota, shares co-evolutionary history with humans. This has led to the development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host and with differential gastric disease risk. Here, we provide insights into H. pylori population structure as a part of the Helicobacter pylori Genome Project (HpGP), a multi-disciplinary initiative aimed at elucidating H. pylori pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets. We collected 1011 well-characterized clinical strains from 50 countries and generated high-quality genome sequences. We analysed core genome diversity and population structure of the HpGP dataset and 255 worldwide reference genomes to outline the ancestral contribution to Eurasian, African, and American populations. We found evidence of substantial contribution of population hpNorthAsia and subpopulation hspUral in Northern European H. pylori. The genomes of H. pylori isolated from northern and southern Indigenous Americans differed in that bacteria isolated in northern Indigenous communities were more similar to North Asian H. pylori while the southern had higher relatedness to hpEastAsia. Notably, we also found a highly clonal yet geographically dispersed North American subpopulation, which is negative for the cag pathogenicity island, and present in 7% of sequenced US genomes. We expect the HpGP dataset and the corresponding strains to become a major asset for H. pylori genomics

Supplemental Figures Vera E et al. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol submitted

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures 1-3. Paper submitted to Am J Physiol Cell Physiol&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;Normal vision and development in mice with low functional expression of Kir7.1 in heterozygosis for a blindness-producing mutation inactivating the channel&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p&gt;Erwin Vera1, 4, 5, Isabel Cornejo1, 3, 5, Juan Carlos Henao1, 4, Felipe Tribiños1, Johanna Burgos1, Francisco V. Sepúlveda1, 2, L. Pablo Cid1, 2&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;1Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Avenida Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia, Chile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;2Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;3Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;4Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;5These authors contributed equally&lt;/p&gt