General Education Teachers\u27 Perceptions About Teaching Students with Autism in Urban Schools

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are included or mainstreamed in general education classrooms, yet general education teachers receive little, if any, formal training for working with children with ASD. The conceptual framework for this study was differentiated instruction, which is a best practice intended to improve educational experiences for children diagnosed with ASD. The purpose of this research study was to explore general education teachers\u27 perceptions of providing differentiated instruction to these students. The research questions examined teachers\u27 perceptions of barriers that can affect their ability to differentiate instruction in their classrooms and strategies teachers use to facilitate the process of providing differentiated instruction in their classrooms for their students diagnosed with ASD. Eight elementary and middle school teachers participated in this phenomenological study. Content analysis of interview data provided information regarding the barriers of outdated resources and the need for additional training of general education teachers to work with students diagnosed with ASD. In addition, the participants identified 2 models used as strategies to adapt instructional practices to promote students\u27 social and academic outcomes. Professional development could assure that teachers and administrators are aware of the latest best practices needed to teach children with ASD in the general education classrooms. By providing teachers with effective strategies needed to work with students diagnosed with autism, social change can be realized, and students with ASD can receive educational services possibly leading to a better quality of life

Merancang Pekerjaan Perawat Dengan Mempertimbangkan Beban Kerja Perawat Di UGD Puskesmas XYZ

Di era globalisaisi terdapat banyak perubahan secara cepat dan signifikan dalam berbagai persaingan di sektor industri. Subjek pendukung kesuksesan Puskesmas khususnya untuk bagian UGD adalah perawat. Perawat bekerja selama 24 jam dalam 3 shift. Perawat UGD di Puskesmas XYZ berjumlah 8. Adanya permasalahan berupa kurangnya jumlah perawat, kurangnya waktu istirahat, dan adanya pekerjaan tambahan diduga mengakibatkan beban kerja pada perawat. Analisis beban kerja dapat dilakukan dengan Metode Subjective Workload Assesment Technique (SWAT). Penggunaan metode ini di dukung dengan jenis pekerjaan perawat yang mempunyai sifat darurat, sehingga diperlukan kesiaptanggapan untuk semua perawat. Workload analysis digunakan dengan melakukan sampling kerja. Merancang pekerjaan perawat dilakukan dengan membandingkan tugas perawat UGD di puskesmas XYZ dengan tugas perawat di UGD lain. Berdasarkan pengolahan data yang telah dilakukan menunjukan beban kerja perawat di Puskesmas XYZ memiliki tingkat beban kerja yang tinggi. Dari hasil perhitungan, rata-rata beban kerja perawat di Puskesmas XYZ adalah 123,88% artinya beban kerja perawat begitu tinggi Dari hasil perhitungan beban kerja diperoleh tenaga kerja usulan berjumlah 12 orang dari jumlah semula 8 orang, artinya perlu dilakukan penambahan tenaga kerja 4 orang. Dengan ditambahkannya 4 orang pekerja maka rata-rata beban kerja yang di tanggung oleh perawat menjadi 82,58%. Hasil uji terhadap rancangan pekerjaan dengan metode Workload Indicator Staffing Need (WISN) menunjukan racangan tersebut layak. Hasil uji tenaga kerja dengan metode WISN juga menunjukan hasil yang sama dengan perhitungan sebelumnya, bahwa jumlah tenaga kerja adalah 12 orang atau 4 orang/ shift. Kata Kunci : SWAT, Workload Analysis, Deskripsi Tugas Perawat, WIS

The FUV to Near-IR Morphologies of Luminous Infrared Galaxies in the GOALS Sample

We compare the morphologies of a sample of 20 LIRGs from the Great Observatories All-sky LIRG Survey (GOALS) in the FUV, B, I and H bands, using the Gini (G) and M20 parameters to quantitatively estimate the distribution and concentration of flux as a function of wavelength. HST images provide an average spatial resolution of ~80 pc. While our LIRGs can be reliably classified as mergers across the entire range of wavelengths studied here, there is a clear shift toward more negative M20 (more bulge-dominated) and a less significant decrease in G values at longer wavelengths. We find no correlation between the derived FUV G-M20 parameters and the global measures of the IR to FUV flux ratio, IRX. Given the fine resolution in our HST data, this suggests either that the UV morphology and IRX are correlated on very small scales, or that the regions emitting the bulk of the IR emission emit almost no FUV light. We use our multi-wavelength data to simulate how merging LIRGs would appear from z~0.5-3 in deep optical and near-infrared images such as the HUDF, and use these simulations to measure the G-M20 at these redshifts. Our simulations indicate a noticeable decrease in G, which flattens at z >= 2 by as much as 40%, resulting in mis-classifying our LIRGs as disk-like, even in the rest-frame FUV. The higher redshift values of M20 for the GOALS sources do not appear to change more than about 10% from the values at z~0. The change in G-M20 is caused by the surface brightness dimming of extended tidal features and asymmetries, and also the decreased spatial resolution which reduced the number of individual clumps identified. This effect, seen as early as z~0.5, could easily lead to an underestimate of the number of merging galaxies at high-redshift in the rest-frame FUV.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal. The total page count is 15 pages with 13 figures and 1 Tabl

The Spatial Extent of (U)LIRGs in the Mid-Infrared. II. Feature Emission

We present results from the second part of our analysis of the extended mid-infrared (MIR) emission of the Great Observatories All-Sky LIRG Survey (GOALS) sample based on 5-14 micron low-resolution spectra obtained with the IRS on Spitzer. We calculate the fraction of extended emission as a function of wavelength for all galaxies in the sample, FEE_lambda, and spatially separate the MIR spectrum of galaxies into their nuclear and extended components. We find that the [NeII] emission line is as compact as the hot dust MIR continuum, while the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission is more extended. The 6.2 and 7.7 micron PAH emission is more compact than that of the 11.3 micron PAH, which is consistent with the formers being enhanced in a more ionized medium. The presence of an AGN or a powerful nuclear starburst increases the compactness of the hot dust MIR continuum, but has a negligible effect on the spatial extent of the PAH emission on kpc-scales. Globally, the spectra of the extended emission component are homogeneous for all galaxies in GOALS. This suggests that the physical properties of star formation taking place at distances farther than 1.5 kpc from the nuclei of (U)LIRGs are very similar, resembling local star-forming galaxies with L_IR < 10^11 Lsun, as well as star formation-dominated ULIRGs at z~2. In contrast, the MIR spectra of the nuclear component of local (U)LIRGs are very diverse. This implies that the observed variety of their integrated MIR properties arise, on average, only from the processes that are taking place in their cores.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Appropriate uses of EICAT protocol, data and classifications

The Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) can be used to classify alien taxa according to the magnitude and type of their environmental impacts. The EICAT protocol, classifications of alien taxa using the protocol (EICAT classification) and the data underpinning classifications (EICAT data) are increasingly used by scientists and practitioners such as governments, NGOs and civil society for a variety of purposes. However, the properties of the EICAT protocol and the data it generates are not suitable for certain uses. Therefore, we present guidelines designed to clarify and facilitate the appropriate use of EICAT to tackle a broad range of conservation issues related to biological invasions, as well as to guide research and communication more generally. Here we address common misconceptions and give a brief overview of some key issues that all EICAT users need to be aware of to take maximal advantage of this resource. Furthermore, we give examples of the wide variety of ways in which the EICAT protocol, classifications and data can be and have been utilised and outline common errors and pitfalls to avoid