Análisis del discurso de un grupo de adolescentes con trastorno de conducta tras haber participado en el entrenamiento en Habilidades Psicosociales de Terapia Dialéctica Conductual: una investigación

345 p.INTRODUCCIÓN: En los últimos años han aparecido investigaciones de índole cuantitativa que evalúan la efectividad de la Terapia Dialéctica Conductual (TDC) en adolescentes con problemas de impulsividad y/o desregulación emocional con resultados alentadores. Sin embargo, no existen investigaciones de índole cualitativa en población adolescente que evalúen dicha herramienta psicoterapéutica.HIPÓTESIS Y OBJETIVOS: Conocer la experiencia subjetiva de los adolescentes con diagnóstico de Trastorno de Conducta que han participado en el grupo de formación en habilidades psicosociales según el modelo de Terapia Dialéctica Conductual, así como extraer a partir de dicha experiencia hipótesis sobre su utilidad que puedan ser verificadas en un futuro mediante instrumentos cuantitativos.METODOLOGÍA: Análisis cualitativo a través de grupos focales con el fin de conocer datos que no se han recogido por escalas cuantitativas sobre la experiencia subjetiva de los pacientes con problemas de conducta que han realizado la formación en habilidades psicosociales según el modelo de Terapia Dialéctica Conductual.RESULTADOS: Se obtiene la experiencia subjetiva de los adolescentes que han completado el entrenamiento en habilidades psicosociales (TDC) en cuatro grandes categorías: experiencia de enfermedad, motivación para la terapia, experiencia de la terapia y resultados de la terapia.CONCLUSIONES: Los adolescentes con problemas de conducta valoran de forma positiva su participación en el grupo de entrenamiento en habilidades psicosociales (TDC), más allá del aprendizaje de habilidades, subrayan los cambios intrapsíquicos que objetivan tras dicha experiencia grupal

Análisis del discurso de un grupo de adolescentes con trastorno de conducta tras haber participado en el entrenamiento en Habilidades Psicosociales de Terapia Dialéctica Conductual: una investigación

345 p.INTRODUCCIÓN: En los últimos años han aparecido investigaciones de índole cuantitativa que evalúan la efectividad de la Terapia Dialéctica Conductual (TDC) en adolescentes con problemas de impulsividad y/o desregulación emocional con resultados alentadores. Sin embargo, no existen investigaciones de índole cualitativa en población adolescente que evalúen dicha herramienta psicoterapéutica.HIPÓTESIS Y OBJETIVOS: Conocer la experiencia subjetiva de los adolescentes con diagnóstico de Trastorno de Conducta que han participado en el grupo de formación en habilidades psicosociales según el modelo de Terapia Dialéctica Conductual, así como extraer a partir de dicha experiencia hipótesis sobre su utilidad que puedan ser verificadas en un futuro mediante instrumentos cuantitativos.METODOLOGÍA: Análisis cualitativo a través de grupos focales con el fin de conocer datos que no se han recogido por escalas cuantitativas sobre la experiencia subjetiva de los pacientes con problemas de conducta que han realizado la formación en habilidades psicosociales según el modelo de Terapia Dialéctica Conductual.RESULTADOS: Se obtiene la experiencia subjetiva de los adolescentes que han completado el entrenamiento en habilidades psicosociales (TDC) en cuatro grandes categorías: experiencia de enfermedad, motivación para la terapia, experiencia de la terapia y resultados de la terapia.CONCLUSIONES: Los adolescentes con problemas de conducta valoran de forma positiva su participación en el grupo de entrenamiento en habilidades psicosociales (TDC), más allá del aprendizaje de habilidades, subrayan los cambios intrapsíquicos que objetivan tras dicha experiencia grupal

Depresión perimenopáusica: una revisión

A partir de la adolescencia, las mujeres presentan un riesgo 1,5 a 3 veces mayor que los hombres de padecer un trastorno depresivo. Este riesgo aumenta en el periodo de transición hacia la menopausia o perimenopausia, cuando la vulnerabilidad depresiva se hace especialmente intensa. Se han postulado mecanismos hormonales, psicológicos y socioculturales para entender la etiopatogenia de estos cuadros. El tratamiento de la depresión en la perimenopausia viene determinado por la gravedad clínica e incluye antidepresivos, psicoterapia y, en ocasiones, terapia hormonal sustitutiva mediante estrógenos. La depresión perimenopáusica constituye un problema infradiagnosticado e infratratado, que genera un alto nivel de sufrimiento y que merece una mayor atención por parte de los clínicos y el sistema sanitario

A qualitative research of adolescents with behavioral problems about their experience in a dialectical behavior therapy skills training group

BACKGROUND: Several quantitative studies support the effectiveness of the Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) psychosocial skills training group component for adolescents with impulse-control disorder and/or emotional dysregulation. However, qualitative research to assess this psychotherapeutic tool in the adolescent population is sparse. This study aims to examine the subjective experience of adolescents with behavioral issues who have completed DBT skills training group, as well as using this experience to extract hypotheses regarding its usefulness which can then be verified at a later time by means of quantitative instruments. METHODS: We developed a qualitative study by using focus groups with adolescents (N=20) whose diagnosis includes symptoms such as behavior disorder, impulse-control disorder and/or emotional dysregulation, and good informants, who have completed DBT skills training. Three focus groups were created. RESULTS: The subjective experience of adolescents who have completed a DBT skills training group is collected in four main categories: experience of illness, motivation for therapy, experience of therapy and results of the therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with behavioral problems assess their participation in the DBT skills training group positively, even recommending its usefulness to healthy population. Beyond learning skills, they emphasize the intrapsychic changes (as improvement in reflective activity) that they objectify after the group experience.This study was partially funded by the Spanish Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AEPNYA) by awarding the research team the 2015 AEPNYA research prize. The funding body had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript

How could antibiotics, probiotics, and corticoids modify microbiota and its influence in cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors: a review

Immunotherapy has become a new paradigm in oncology, improving outcomes for several types of cancer. However, there are some aspects about its management that remain uncertain. One of the key points that needs better understanding is the interaction between immunotherapy and gut microbiome and how modulation of the microbiome might modify the efficacy of immunotherapy. Consequently, the negative impact of systemic antibiotics and corticosteroids on the efficacy of immunotherapy needs to be clarified.Peer reviewe

Characterisation of T cell receptor repertoire in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immunotherapy

Abstract from the 2022 World Conference on Lung Cancer 6-9 August 2022, Vienna, Austria.-- EP16.01-033.Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy has experienced important changes in survival benefit and durable anti-tumor responses due to immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs). However, ICBs show some major limitations including low response rate and drug resistance in unselected patients. Despite the development of new predictive biomarkers, such as PD-L1 expression, microsatellite instability (MSI), or tumor mutation burden (TMB), there is an urgent need for biomarkers that identify which patients will benefit more from ICBs and define the reasons for failure of the treatment. Analysis of peripheral blood T cell receptor beta chain (TCR-β) repertoire and other serum biomarkers may provide information about the immune response in ICBs treated NSCLC patients.Peer reviewe

Community Violence Exposure and Conduct Problems in Children and Adolescents with Conduct Disorder and Healthy Controls

Exposure to community violence through witnessing or being directly victimized has been associated with conduct problems in a range of studies. However, the relationship between community violence exposure (CVE) and conduct problems has never been studied separately in healthy individuals and individuals with conduct disorder (CD). Therefore, it is not clear whether the association between CVE and conduct problems is due to confounding factors, because those with high conduct problems also tend to live in more violent neighborhoods, i.e., an ecological fallacy. Hence, the aim of the present study was: (1) to investigate whether the association between recent CVE and current conduct problems holds true for healthy controls as well as adolescents with a diagnosis of CD; (2) to examine whether the association is stable in both groups when including effects of aggression subtypes (proactive/reactive aggression), age, gender, site and socioeconomic status (SES); and (3) to test whether proactive or reactive aggression mediate the link between CVE and conduct problems. Data from 1178 children and adolescents (62% female; 44% CD) aged between 9 years and 18 years from seven European countries were analyzed. Conduct problems were assessed using the Kiddie-Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia diagnostic interview. Information about CVE and aggression subtypes was obtained using self-report questionnaires (Social and Health Assessment and Reactive-Proactive aggression Questionnaire (RPQ), respectively). The association between witnessing community violence and conduct problems was significant in both groups (adolescents with CD and healthy controls). The association was also stable after examining the mediating effects of aggression subtypes while including moderating effects of age, gender and SES and controlling for effects of site in both groups. There were no clear differences between the groups in the strength of the association between witnessing violence and conduct problems. However, we found evidence for a ceiling effect, i.e., individuals with very high levels of conduct problems could not show a further increase if exposed to CVE and vice versa. Results indicate that there was no evidence for an ecological fallacy being the primary cause of the association, i.e., CVE must be considered a valid risk factor in the etiology of CD

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality