Miradas y tensiones en torno a la nacionalidad de personas migrantes en la atención de salud en José C. Paz

In Argentina, migratory processes have had different levels of legitimacy depending on the migrants’ countries of origin and on official and academic political discourses, which permeated public opinion through the media. The perspectives that were historically built around the “other” migrants have been reproduced and updated in various areas. We address the perspectives and tensions regarding the nationality of migrants expressed by health personnel and female migrant users of Primary Health Care Centers (CAPS) in the Municipality of José C. Paz, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina to learn how they perceive their interactions and health care. From this, we seek to unravel the logic/ s by which “differences” of nationality are marked or unmarked in different contexts. To do so, we carry out an exploratory cross-sectional and qualitative study that integrates the analysis of secondary sources with the production of primary sources (from participant observation and semi-structured interviews). In total, we conducted 23 interviews, 12 with migrant women users and 11 with workers from three Primary Health Care Centers (CAPS), during the months of February and March 2019.En Argentina, los procesos migratorios han tenido diferentes niveles de legitimación de acuerdo con los países de origen de las personas migrantes, así como por medio de discursos políticos oficiales y académicos, que permearon a la opinión pública a través de los medios de comunicación. Las miradas que se fueron construyendo históricamente en torno a los «otros» migrantes se reproducen y actualizan en diversos ámbitos. Abordamos las miradas y tensiones vinculadas a la nacionalidad de migrantes expresadas por el personal de salud y por las mujeres migrantes usuarias de centros de atención primaria de la salud (CAPS) en el Municipio de José C. Paz, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, para conocer cómo conciben sus interacciones y la atención de salud. A partir de ello buscamos desentrañar la lógica (o lógicas) por la cual se marcan o desmarcan «diferencias» de nacionalidad en distintos contextos. Para ello efectuamos un estudio exploratorio de corte transversal desde un enfoque cualitativo. Integramos el análisis de fuentes secundarias con la producción de fuentes primarias (a partir de observación participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas). En total realizamos 23 entrevistas, 12 a mujeres usuarias migrantes y 11 a trabajadores/as de tres centros de atención primaria de la salud (CAPS), durante febrero y marzo de 2019

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Correction to: Cluster identification, selection, and description in Cluster randomized crossover trials: the PREP-IT trials

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article

Investigating the link of the accessibility of social service facilities on crime incidence: A case study of the Barangays in Pasay City

Conventional wisdom tells us that accessibility enables a person to have access to public facilities, however, the event of negative social problems such as crime, causes the facilities inaccessible to the urban commuters. The recent upsurge of crime in metropolitan cities suggests critical investigation on how location-based assessments of accessibility allows crime to arise. Data from an urban center in Metro Manila are obtained from the Community Based Monitoring System (CBMS). Gravity-Based Model is used in computing for accessibility indicates of schools, market, and police precincts. A cross-sectional regression is formulated to measure the impact of accessibility, to crime incidence. The study\u27s hypothesis is that accessibility and criminal activity are collected, however the gravity in which accessibility affects the later depends on the available opportunities per facility and the impedance constraint in accessing the facility

Agencia y cuidados en personas que viven con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles

Este documento reúne los resultados obtenidos a lo largo de la ejecución del proyecto titulado Percepciones de Riesgos y/o peligros para la salud en varones y mujeres de sectores medios de la ciudad de Buenos Aires (UBACyT SO12, programación 2008-2010), dirigido por la Dra. Ana Domínguez Mon en el Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. El objetivo general del trabajo ha sido describir y analizar las prácticas de cuidado de varones y mujeres de sectores medios porteños en relación a las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Los objetivos específicos fueron la caracterización epidemiológica de las enfermedades crónicas en la ciudad de Buenos Aires; la sistematización y el análisis de paradigmas conceptuales y de propuestas metodológicas cualitativas desde el campo socio-antropológico en las últimas décadas del siglo pasado; la revisión de la categoría estilo de vida a partir del análisis etnográfico de los datos de campo en relación a la producción de cuidados a la salud y las enfermedades crónicas; la particularidad de las prácticas de cuidados de las mujeres que viven con las enfermedades crónicas; la revisión conceptual de la categoría cuidados en relación a la salud. Finalmente, un estudio de caso etnográfico en relación a la hidatidosis, realizado en el área rural del norte andino del Chubut, permite reconocer la dimensión política del abordaje sanitario de esta enfermedad crónica a comienzos de siglo XXI

Documentos de Trabajo, no. 60

Este documento reúne los resultados obtenidos a lo largo de la ejecución del proyecto titulado “Percepciones de Riesgos y/o peligros para la salud en varones y mujeres de sectores medios de la ciudad de Buenos Aires” (UBACyT SO12, programación 2008-2010), dirigido por la Dra. Ana Domínguez Mon en el Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. El objetivo general del trabajo ha sido describir y analizar las prácticas de cuidado de varones y mujeres de sectores medios porteños en relación a las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Los objetivos específicos fueron la caracterización epidemiológica de las enfermedades crónicas en la ciudad de Buenos Aires; la sistematización y el análisis de paradigmas conceptuales y de propuestas metodológicas cualitativas desde el campo socio-antropológico en las últimas décadas del siglo pasado; la revisión de la categoría “estilo de vida” a partir del análisis etnográfico de los datos de campo en relación a la producción de cuidados a la salud y las enfermedades crónicas; la particularidad de las prácticas de cuidados de las mujeres que viven con las enfermedades crónicas; la revisión conceptual de la categoría “cuidados” en relación a la salud. Finalmente, un estudio de caso etnográfico en relación a la hidatidosis, realizado en el área rural del norte andino del Chubut, permite reconocer la dimensión política del abordaje sanitario de esta enfermedad crónica a comienzos de siglo XXI.UT Librarie