Percepción que tiene las personas con diabetes mellitus sobre la aplicación de insulina

Se calcula que en el mundo existen más de 180 millones de personas con diabetes y es probable que esta cifra aumente a más del doble para 2030. En 2005 se registraron 1.1 millones de muertes debidas a la diabetes, de las cuales alrededor de 80% ocurrieron en países de ingresos bajos o medios, que en su mayoría se encuentran menos preparados para enfrentar esta epidemia.2 La Diabetes Mellitus es un padecimiento complejo que lleva implícito una serie de situaciones que comprometen el control en los pacientes, lo cual favorece el desarrollo de complicaciones, con los consecuentes trastornos en la calidad de vida, muertes prematuras e incremento en los costos de atención y tasas de hospitalización. La diabetes mellitus (DM) es reconocida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) como una amenaza mundial

Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) para Pequeñas y Medianas Entidades (Pymes) Análisis de la sección 17 propiedad planta y equipo a los estados financieros de la empresa Maiz Industrial,S.A para el año 2017

En esta investigación se realizó un estudio en la empresa Maíz Industrial, S.A., del análisis de la sección 17 Propiedad Planta y equipo, durante el periodo contable 2017. El propósito del documento fue dar a conocer las generalidades teóricas de las Normas Internacionales de Informacion Financiera, al igual que se describe las entidades que regulan a las NIIF, también explicar la importancia de la sección 17, sus requerimientos, el efecto de su aplicación analizando si la empresa cuenta con la estructura adecuada para poder adoptar el método que la reforma a esta norma sugiere utilizar y los beneficios que esta implementación traerá a la entidad. La importancia de la aplicación de las NIIF para PYMES como marco de referencia en la elaboración de los estados financieros en la empresa Maíz Industrial, S.A., le permitirá presentar información veraz, objetiva y fiable que le ayudará a la toma de decisiones, sin mencionar que la empresa que adopte dicha norma podrá ser una empresa competitiva en el mercado nacional e internacional, acceder a créditos en el exterior y atraer otros inversionistas. Para el desarrollo de un plan de implementación de NIIF para PYMES en la empresa Maíz Industrial, S.A. Como resultado se determinó que la Propiedad, Planta y Equipo de la empresa Maíz Industrial, S.A., permitirá procesar información contable de todas las operaciones que se realizan en la empresa de acuerdo a lo requerido en dicha entidad, dicho método utilizado en la empresa están acorde a lo establecido con la sección 17 “Propiedad, Planta y Equipo” de las NIIF para PYMES en la forma en que estas indican o sugieren la presentación de los activos fijos en los estados financieros, este método le ha favorecido en gran manera en la presentación veraz de su información financiera así también para la toma de decisiones y se recomienda a la gerencia utilizar el método de revaluación de los activos fijos sustituyendo el método del costo el cual presentaba valores desactualizados de estos

Fungal spores in four catholic churches in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Nuevo León State, Mexico – First study

Introduction. About 500,000 species of fungi have been described to-date, although an estimated between 1 – 1.5 million species may occur. They have a wide distribution in nature, contributing to the decomposition of organic matter and playing a part in the biogeochemical cycles of major nutrients. A small number are considered pathogens of animals and plants. There is ample historical evidence that certain types of allergies are associated with fungi; exposure to fungal allergens occurs in both outdoor and indoor spaces. Many indoor allergens are the same as those found outside buildings, entering through windows and doors, ventilation systems, or through cracks or other fissures in the walls. Objective. To determine the diversity and abundance of fungal spores inside four churches in the metropolitan area of Monterrey city in Mexico. Materials and methods. The study was carried out from July 2009 – January 2010 using a Hirst type volumetric collector (Burkard Manufacturing Co Ltd). Results. A total of 31,629 spores from 54 taxa were registered in the four churches. The building that showed the highest amount of spores was the Santa Catarina Mártir Church with 12,766 spores, followed by Cristo Rey with 7,155 and Nuestra Señora del Roble with 6,887. Regularly high concentrations of spores were recorded from 14:00 – 20:00 hours. The highest concentration value was observed at the church of Santa Catarina Mártir at 16:00 hours with 1153 spores/m3 air. Conclusions. The most abundant spores in the four churches studied corresponded to Cladosporium, the Aspergillus/Penicillium complex, Coprinus, Ganoderma, Curvularia and Ustilago

HABILIDADES INVESTIGATIVAS -EN RELACIÓN AL USO DE LAS TIC- A DESARROLLAR EN ESTUDIANTES DE CARRERAS CON PERFIL INFORMÁTICO

En investigaciones educativas, se argumentan potencialidades que ofrecen las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) y especialmente las redes sociales y académicas en el desarrollo de habilidades investigativas del estudiantado. Se realizó un análisis bibliográfico evidenciándose que no se han determinado cuáles de estas habilidades pero asociadas al empleo de las TIC, deben desarrollarse en el estudiantado según las exigencias curriculares de las carreras con perfil informático. Partiendo de estas deficiencias, se determinó como problema de investigación ¿Qué habilidades investigativas asociadas al empleo de las TIC deben de desarrollarse en el estudiantado de carreras con perfil informático? El objeto de la investigación es desarrollo de habilidades investigativas en carreras con perfil informático; el campo de acción: habilidades investigativas asociadas al empleo de las TIC. El objetivo es determinar habilidades investigativas a desarrollar en los estudiantes de carreras con perfil informático en correspondencia al empleo de las TIC. Se obtuvo como resultado un conjunto de habilidades investigativas asociadas al empleo de las TIC y sus respectivos indicadores, que deben dominar los estudiantes de carreras con perfil informático. PALABRAS CLAVE: estudiantes; desarrollo; ingeniería informática; habilidades investigativas; tecnología de la información y las comunicaciones. RESEARCH SKILLS -IN RELATION TO THE USE OF ICT- STUDENTS DEVELOP CAREERS IN COMPUTER PROFILE ABSTRACT In educational research, it is argued potential offered by information and communications technology (ICT) and especially social and academic networks in developing research skills of students. A literature review was performed, demonstrating that they have not determined which of these skills (associated with the use of ICT), to be developed in the students according to the curriculum requirements of computer engineering. Therefore, it was determined as a research problem: what research skills associated with the use of ICT should be developed in the students of computer engineering or similar profiles? The object of the research is to develop research skills in computer engineering; the field of action: research skills associated with the use of ICT. The objective is to determine research skills associated with the use of ICT should be developed in the students of computer engineering or similar profiles. In this paper presents a set of research skills associated with the use of ICT and their respective indicators. KEYWORDS: students; development; computer engineering; research skills; information and communications technology

Differences in acoustic features of cough by pneumonia severity in patients with COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAcute respiratory syndrome due to coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterised by heterogeneous levels of disease severity. It is not necessarily apparent whether a patient will develop a severe disease or not. This cross-sectional study explores whether acoustic properties of the cough sound of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, correlate with their disease and pneumonia severity, with the aim of identifying patients with a severe disease.MethodsVoluntary cough sounds were recorded using a smartphone in 70 COVID-19 patients within the first 24 h of their hospital arrival, between April 2020 and May 2021. Based on gas exchange abnormalities, patients were classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Time- and frequency-based variables were obtained from each cough effort and analysed using a linear mixed-effects modelling approach.ResultsRecords from 62 patients (37% female) were eligible for inclusion in the analysis, with mild, moderate, and severe groups consisting of 31, 14 and 17 patients respectively. 5 of the parameters examined were found to be significantly different in the cough of patients at different disease levels of severity, with a further 2 parameters found to be affected differently by the disease severity in men and women.ConclusionsWe suggest that all these differences reflect the progressive pathophysiological alterations occurring in the respiratory system of COVID-19 patients, and potentially would provide an easy and cost-effective way to initially stratify patients, identifying those with more severe disease, and thereby most effectively allocate healthcare resources

Uso de herramientas tecnológicas para el modelado y creación de una plataforma web y su aportación al perfil del ingeniero en tecnologías de información y comunicación.

The Technological Institute of Toluca within its study plans and programs establishes the training of students committed to society, in order to collaborate and contribute as much as possible with the participation of students in the development of activities that strengthen the provision of some service to the community, normally in government agencies or civil entities for a period of time, giving back to society a little of what is received by being a participant in a collaborative program. In addition, the student who is about to graduate, in search of vacancies where he can carry out his professional practice, requires information close to his field of study to be placed professionally. The academic training of the students of the engineering career in information and communication technologies, includes within their study program, the development of technological competences and within their graduation profile, the ability to design and develop web applications in a project proposal for the subject of research workshop II, it is possible to design a platform for internal use, in which, in addition to the research methodological documentation, for which reason this document describes those skills acquired in the use of technological tools such as Bootstrap 5 and CSS language, as well as modeling tools and managers for the creation of a web platform to support the Institution and students about to perform social service or in search of job vacanciesEl Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca dentro de sus planes y programas de estudios establece la formación de estudiantes comprometidos con la sociedad, con el fin de colaborar y contribuir en lo posible con la participación de estudiantes en el desarrollo de actividades que fortalezcan en la prestación de algún servicio a la comunidad, normalmente en dependencias de gobierno o entidades civiles durante un periodo de tiempo, devolviendo a la sociedad un poco de lo mucho que se recibe al ser partícipe en algún programa colaborativo. Además, el estudiante próximo a egresar, en la búsqueda de vacantes donde pueda realizar su ejercicio profesional, requiere de información cercana a su ámbito de estudios para colocarse profesionalmente. La formación académica de los estudiantes de la carrera de ingeniería en tecnologías de información y comunicación, comprende dentro de su programa de estudios, el desarrollo de competencias tecnológicas y dentro de su perfil de egreso, la habilidad para el diseño y desarrollo de aplicaciones web en una propuesta de proyecto de la materia de taller de investigación II, se logra diseñar una plataforma de uso interno, en la que además de la documentación metodológica de investigación, por lo que el presente documento describe esas competencias adquiridas en el uso de herramientas tecnológicas como Bootstrap 5 y lenguaje CSS, además de herramientas de modelado y gestores para la creación de una plataforma web de apoyo a la Institución y a los estudiantes próximos a realizar servicio social o en búsqueda de vacantes de empleo

Use of glucocorticoids megadoses in SARS-CoV-2 infection in a spanish registry: SEMI-COVID-19

Objective To describe the impact of different doses of corticosteroids on the evolution of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, based on the potential benefit of the non-genomic mechanism of these drugs at higher doses. Methods Observational study using data collected from the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry. We evaluated the epidemiological, radiological and analytical scenario between patients treated with megadoses therapy of corticosteroids vs low-dose of corticosteroids and the development of complications. The primary endpoint was all-cause in-hospital mortality according to use of corticosteroids megadoses. Results Of a total of 14,921 patients, corticosteroids were used in 5,262 (35.3%). Of them, 2,216 (46%) specifically received megadoses. Age was a factor that differed between those who received megadoses therapy versus those who did not in a significant manner (69 years [IQR 59-79] vs 73 years [IQR 61-83]; p < .001). Radiological and analytical findings showed a higher use of megadoses therapy among patients with an interstitial infiltrate and elevated inflammatory markers associated with COVID-19. In the univariate study it appears that steroid use is associated with increased mortality (OR 2.07 95% CI 1.91-2.24 p < .001) and megadose use with increased survival (OR 0.84 95% CI 0.75-0.96, p 0.011), but when adjusting for possible confounding factors, it is observed that the use of megadoses is also associated with higher mortality (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.32-1.80; p < .001). There is no difference between megadoses and low-dose (p.298). Although, there are differences in the use of megadoses versus low-dose in terms of complications, mainly infectious, with fewer pneumonias and sepsis in the megadoses group (OR 0.82 95% CI 0.71-0.95; p < .001 and OR 0.80 95% CI 0.65-0.97; p < .001) respectively. Conclusion There is no difference in mortality with megadoses versus low-dose, but there is a lower incidence of infectious complications with glucocorticoid megadoses

Inappropriate antibiotic use in the COVID-19 era: Factors associated with inappropriate prescribing and secondary complications. Analysis of the registry SEMI-COVID

Background: Most patients with COVID-19 receive antibiotics despite the fact that bacterial co-infections are rare. This can lead to increased complications, including antibacterial resistance. We aim to analyze risk factors for inappropriate antibiotic prescription in these patients and describe possible complications arising from their use. Methods: The SEMI-COVID-19 Registry is a multicenter, retrospective patient cohort. Patients with antibiotic were divided into two groups according to appropriate or inappropriate prescription, depending on whether the patient fulfill any criteria for its use. Comparison was made by means of multilevel logistic regression analysis. Possible complications of antibiotic use were also identified. Results: Out of 13,932 patients, 3047 (21.6%) were prescribed no antibiotics, 6116 (43.9%) were appropriately prescribed antibiotics, and 4769 (34.2%) were inappropriately prescribed antibiotics. The following were independent factors of inappropriate prescription: February-March 2020 admission (OR 1.54, 95%CI 1.18-2.00), age (OR 0.98, 95%CI 0.97-0.99), absence of comorbidity (OR 1.43, 95%CI 1.05-1.94), dry cough (OR 2.51, 95%CI 1.94-3.26), fever (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.13-1.56), dyspnea (OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.04-1.69), flu-like symptoms (OR 2.70, 95%CI 1.75-4.17), and elevated C-reactive protein levels (OR 1.01 for each mg/L increase, 95% CI 1.00-1.01). Adverse drug reactions were more frequent in patients who received ANTIBIOTIC (4.9% vs 2.7%, p < .001). Conclusion: The inappropriate use of antibiotics was very frequent in COVID-19 patients and entailed an increased risk of adverse reactions. It is crucial to define criteria for their use in these patients. Knowledge of the factors associated with inappropriate prescribing can be helpful