Drons: una oportunitat per a Catalunya? Reflexions jurídiques i propostes estratègiques

El creixement del sector dels drons és imparable i les possibilitats econòmiques del seu ús són il·limitades. Els drons, tot i ser pilotats per control remot, són aeronaus i per això la legislació que se’ls aplica és l’aeronàutica que cada país ha desenvolupat d’acord amb la norma magna del dret aeronàutic que és el Conveni de Chicago de 1944. A Espanya, la Constitució reserva la sobirania de l’espai aeri a l’Administració Central i, per tant, les comunitats autònomes no tenen capacitat normativa al respecte. L’article, a part d’analitzar la situació legal de l’ús dels drons a Espanya i a Europa, reflexiona sobre els diferents escenaris de la construcció d’un règim jurídic català regulador dels drons en el marc d’una Catalunya independent estat membre, o no, de la UE. Per finalitzar, es proposen algunes idees estratègiques de futur per potenciar el sector català dels drons per tal que el país esdevingui un dels líders del sector a nivell mundial

Estudio de rentabilidad del shale gas en Europa: Cuenca Bowland-Hodder, Reino Unido

El objetivo de este proyecto es investigar la situación del shale gas en Europa, concretamente en Reino Unido, actualmente el país europeo más avanzado en el desarrollo del shale gas. Este proyecto está destinado a analizar la cantidad de gas de lutita presente en la formación Bowland-Hodder, así como el régimen regulatorio y fiscal que pueda afectar a la extracción de dicho gas. Por último, se analizará la situación del shale gas en España y el régimen que rige la extracción de este gas no convencional en nuestro país, concluyendo finalmente con las posibles recomendaciones a implementar del caso de Reino Unido en nuestro país

Effects of supplementation of decapods zoea to Artemia basal diet on fatty acid composition and digestive gland histology in common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) paralarvae

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of different crab zoeas to enriched Artemia basal diet for O. vulgaris paralarvae during the first month of life. Paralarvae were fed using: enriched Artemia nauplii alone and Artemia co-fed with either first zoea stages of Grapsus adscensionis or Plagusia depressa. The experiment was carried out over a period of 28 days, in 0.12 m3 tanks with a flow-through rearing system. Growth in dry weight as well as mantle length and width were assessed weekly. Additionally, prey and paralarvae fatty acid composition and digestive gland (DG) histology were evaluated. Addition of low amounts of crab zoeas (approx.100 indv. L-1 day-1) provided during critical life stages of O.vulgaris proved to be good enough to improve paralarvae growth and survival in comparison to those fed exclusively on enriched Artemia. These results were supported by the finding of a higher number of glycoprotein absorption vacuoles in the DG from paralarvae co-fed with crab zoeas, suggesting a higher feeding activity. In addition, the fatty acid analysis of crab zoea showed that these are good sources of dietary arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids during the octopus planktonic life stage, whereas the low docosahexaenoic (DHA) content, suggests the use of additional DHA sources or higher zoeas densities to meet paralarvae nutritional demand to carry out a successful metamorphosis to benthic life

Felasa working group report: capture and transport of live cephalopods – recommendations for scientific purposes

On 1 January 2013, research using cephalopod molluscs, from hatchlings to adults, became regulated within Directive 2010/63/EU. There are significant difficulties in captive breeding in the great majority of currently utilised species. Thus, scientific research relies upon the use of wild-caught animals. Furthermore, live cephalopods are shared and transported between different stakeholders and laboratories across Europe and other continents. Despite existing European and national legislation, codes, guidelines and reports from independent organisations, a set of recommendations specifically addressing the requirements for the capture and transport of animals belonging to this taxon are missing. In addition, although training and development of competence for all people involved in the supply chain are essential and aim to ensure that animals do not suffer from pain, distress or lasting harm, the requirements for those capturing and transporting wild cephalopods have not been considered. This Working Group reviewed the current literature to recognise scientific evidence and the best practice, and compiled a set of recommendations to provide guidance on the ‘techniques’ to be used for the capture and transport of live cephalopods for their use in scientific procedures. In addition, we propose to (a) develop standardised approaches able to assess recommended methods and objectively quantify the impact of these processes on animals’ health, welfare and stress response, and (b) design a training programme for people attaining the necessary competence for capture and transportation of live cephalopods, as required by Directive 2010/63/EU.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Assessment of Various Anesthetic Agents on Octopus vulgaris Paralarvae

European Directive 2010/63 addresses the welfare of cephalopod species used in scientific projects under European jurisdiction and covers experimental procedures likely to cause pain, suffering, distress, or lasting harm. These procedures require authorization from the National Competent Authorities. In aquaculture research, some procedures require the temporary immobilization of individuals to allow for measuring body parameters (i.e., weight, sex, gonad condition, and others), avoiding any damage. This study compares three anesthetics used on common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, paralarvae to reach a state of sedation. The anesthetics were tested for their effects at different concentrations: magnesium chloride (6.8, 13.6, 20.4, and 27.4 g/L), ethanol (8, 10, and 12 mL/L), and clove oil (0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g/L). Three variables were monitored: induction, recovery, and stressful behavior of paralarvae during treatments. Significant differences were found between anesthetics, both in the induction and recovery time, and between concentrations of the same anesthetic. The shortest times of induction and recovery corresponded to ethanol at low concentrations, 10 mL/L (20±1 sec) and 8 mL/L (19±2 sec), respectively. Clove oil at 0.2 g/L was the slowest to reach sedation (340±7 sec). Magnesium chloride at 20.4 g/L showed longer recovery times (554±201 sec) with increasing concentrations. Octopus paralarvae showed adverse behavior only under clove oil treatments, whose use is therefore considered inadmissible. This study shows that ethanol at 10 mL/L may be suitable as a reliable anesthetic for octopus paralarvae, diminishing the induction and recovery time without showing any stressful behavior.En prensa0,83

Beak microstructure analysis as a tool to identify potential rearing stress for Octopus vulgaris paralarvae

Octopus vulgaris is a viable candidate for commercial aquaculture, but rearing procedures might stress individuals and result in diminished growth and survival. The present study investigated the relationship between possible stress sources (tank transposition and siphoning) when rearing O. vulgaris paralarvae and the deposition pattern of growth increments in their beak microstructure. Light intensity at the facility was heterogeneous, and accounted for with an experimental design consisting of blocks without replicates. Growth and survival were estimated and possible effects of handling were tested for both parameters. Increments and stress marks were counted in 120 paralarval upper jaws (UJ), and the number of UJs with a mark on the day of stress application (day 8) was quantified. Differences in light intensity, diet quantity, and total number of marks in the UJ were also compared between treatments. Growth and survival were statistically similar between treatments, although the control treatment showed a tendency for higher survival rates. Age at first increment deposition coincided with day 1 of experiment, and a 1 increment.day-1 deposition rate was validated for the experiment duration. The number of stress marks was significantly different between the control and other treatments, indicating that handling might cause stress and that marks can be used as a biomarker for stress, even though the occurrence of stress marks on day 8 was not significantly different. Light intensity and diet might have also been relevant stressors and confounded the results. The results herein presented are important for improving rearing conditions for O. vulgaris paralarvae

Guia per al maneig dels medicaments d’alt risc: document per a la seguretat dels pacients

Maneig; Medicaments d'alt risc; Seguretat dels pacientsManejo; Medicamentos de alto riesgo; Seguridad de los pacientesUse; High Risk Medications; Patient safetyGuia per al maneig dels MAR que permet incrementar la seguretat en l’ús d’aquests medicaments i en conseqüència oferir una atenció sanitària més segura